 Can we start please? People are more busy signing it rather than... So this is... Can you see this one here? This is the phoenix. Can we see the phoenix? It is under the corpus callosum. This is the one which connects the hippocampus to the mammary body. The mammary body is here. So the post-commissioned phoenix disappears in the lateral wall of the third ventricle and ends in the mammary body. So this is the hippocampus mammary tract. Now let's trace the phoenix back. You'll see that I'm tracing it back now. See, can you see this? This is the fimbriae. Guys, you already started. Let's go. Yeah. You can see it clearly now. This is the fimbriae here. I'm lifting it up. This one. This is the fimbriae. Can you see? So it's going from below. And I'm going to trace it back further. There. It's in the temporal lobe now. Can we see this? This is the fimbriae. This one. This structure which I've lifted up, it's torn now. And this is the hippocampus there. This is the hippocampus inside the temporal lobe. This structure here. So this is the hippocampus here. So this is the fimbriae. The fimbriae is going round, round, round. It's going all the way around. It is becoming continuous with the... This is the commissure of the phonics here. Can you see the fimbriae here? This is the crust of the phonics now. And it meets with the opposite side to form the body of the phonics. This is the body of the phonics. So did we see how it goes all the way from the hippocampus? Can everybody see it? Because I'm looking at the specimen. I'm not looking at the screen there. So hippocampus in the temporal lobe forming the fimbriae. The fimbriae going as the crust of the phonics uniting with the other side forming the body of the phonics then curving down to the mammillary body here. So this is the hippocampus mammillary tract. Did we get all that? And this is the corpus callosa. So this is one thing I wanted you to all see how it goes from here all the way from the temporal lobe it goes all the way up and comes. So this is the most important pathway for memory consolidation. Just now we saw lesion of the hippocampus and we also saw acute amnestic syndrome where there is bilateral destruction of the phonics. So any connection from the hippocampus to the mammillary body will produce anterior grade amnesia. Are we clear? That's all I wanted you to see in this one. Now the next thing which I'm going to show you now I'm going to do some serious slices to show you the basal ganglia the internal capsule how it is related because that's going to be our next topic plus this afternoon I'm going to tell you something about the some more about the internal capsule. Now I'll keep it here I need to keep it on something to do the serial dissections Can I have the this brain knife please? Yes, can you pull this so that this thing comes on top of this so that I can keep it here itself Yes Now I'm going to make serious slices Now just keep watching It's there in the video which I have given you also and you'll see that I'll take serious slice number one first slice and you'll get to see the cortical white matter Can you see the cortical white matter? The surrounding is the gray and in between is the sub cortical white matter This is the first slice I'm going to go deeper and deeper so we are going to finish of this braid completely Del morto Del morto Now can you see even more clearly the gray and the white matter The darker portion is just three millimeters thick that is the cortex and the sub cortical white matter I think everybody can see right? I'm going to show you something very interesting now You'll actually be able to see how the basal ganglia and the internal capsule are related to each other The next slice This is the fore cause brain knife Okay we are still going deeper At one stage you'll be able to see the lateral ventricle We have not yet reached that Okay I'll go one slice further All of you are so good at cutting cakes Isn't it? That's the lateral ventricle Can you see the beginning of the lateral ventricle? This is the antihon This is the posterior hond And what you see in the floor of the lateral ventricle is the cordate nucleus That is the cordate nucleus Let me use the probe again Where is the probe? This is the cordate nucleus This is the cordate nucleus But I'm going to go deeper This is the body of the cordate nucleus The head is here anteriorly But you'll see in much better view in the next one This is the cordate nucleus This is the lateral ventricle Are we good with this? Now I'm going to go even deeper You can see even better The posterior hond is even more clearly visible This is part of the corpus callosum Here You can see the head of the cordate nucleus This is the head of the cordate nucleus This is the head of the cordate nucleus This is the body of the cordate nucleus You can see the cut section of the cordate nucleus Can you see a little darker pigment here? This is the coroid plexus The one which gets calcified in the trigon Remember? This is the coroid plexus This is the posterior hond of the lateral ventricle Now I'm going to go even further deeper I'm going to go even further deeper Now you can begin to see Something which you know from Your pictures and diagrams Can you see this portion here? That is the head of the cordate nucleus Can you see it is forming the boundary The infrolateral boundary of the anterior hond? Can you see another pigmented structure here? That is the lentiform nucleus And can you see another Globular structure cut section here? That is the thalamus So can you see a white matter in between? So that is the internal capsule So this is the anterior limb This is the genus, this is the posterior limb Are we clear? Mind you these fibres are travelling in a vertical axis So you are seeing the cut section of that They are going in a vertical axis from up to down And down to up That's why they are called projection fibres So you are seeing the cut portion of that That is what we see in the pictures So let's go one slice deeper now This is going to be a very fine slice Ideally what we need is Somebody to give a little counter support With your hand Somebody who is wearing your glove Because I am going to take a very thin slice Come on over here Because I am going to take a very thin slice Yes don't worry I won't cut your hand I am sure of that Oh you want me to cut just one finger? Okay There you can see even better You can see the head of the cordate nucleus here This is the head of the cordate nucleus A little bit of light Yes there The head of the cordate nucleus The thalamus This whole thing is the lentiform nucleus And this is the internal capsule In between The anterior limb Genu the posterior limb Outside the internal lentiform nucleus There is another thin sheet of white matter That is known as the external capsule That's why We say that this is the external capsule This is the internal capsule Strictly speaking they are not encapsulating the lentiform But it is described that way That's why they called it external capsule and internal capsule That's how the definition came So I think you can clearly see what we see In the pictures in the cut sections Cordate nucleus head This is the head of the cordate nucleus This is the anterior boundary Of the anterior horn This is the thalamus It forms the posterior boundary of the posterior limb And this is the lentiform nucleus Actually it consists of two structures An outer portion Which we shall see on Monday called the putamen And an inner portion Called the globus pallidus And in between is the internal capsule So are we good with this And I'll take one final slice And you'll see You can see the same thing even in this Cut portion You can see the same thing here Can you see the head of the cordate nucleus The thalamus, the lentiform nucleus And the internal capsule So we are seeing the opposite of this in the cut section This is the one which I'm going to give you A remedial today This is going to be an even thinner slice I'll try to do it without anybody's hand This is sure enough Sure enough Okay We can see some small lacunary infarcts By the way Which I'm going to tell you in the stroke chapter These are lacunary infarcts But you can see again the head of the cordate nucleus The thalamus, the lentiform nucleus And the internal capsule is almost disappearing now So these are the structures By the way what is this cortex here That you see hidden under this This is the insular cortex So the insular cortex Is situated lateral to the external capsule I'm going to show this to you All these structures Again on Monday In the pictorial form But you will know exactly what I'm referring to So is everybody good with this So these are the two things I wanted you to see The hippocampus, the phonics, how it goes And how the cordate nucleus And the basal ganglia are related to the internal capsule On just this projection fibres I'll take 15 minutes of your time this afternoon So that you will understand something better Okay, we are good So can we chop this off?