 So, good evening people online, welcome to LawOption demo and so I will tell you like so, first of all we see what exactly the syllabus and we will clear some of the basic doubts you have with respect to Laws Option L, fine. So, first of all like so LawOption first thing first like no so lawyers know that there is a maximum, maximum means it is kind of a legal maximum, latin term saying that endurance here jurors non-excuses, ignorance of law is not an excuse, what do you mean what like no, you cannot say that like I do not know law, law is something which is part and parcel of your life right, so even you cannot say like I do not know law, so you are going riding a motorbike all right with a helmet and you are getting caught you cannot say that like no, I do not know the law is about not wearing helmet will be amounting to fine or else you kind of murder someone and you cannot say that like no murdering someone is an offense all right. So first things first like no so law is part and parcel of your life, so ignorance of his law is not excused by the court as such ok, so now basically what law means ok, so so law is as I said like no so it is one of the things very basic things, so whatever the law which is passed by the government your lawyer or not you have to kind of follow that, now with respect to law option ok, so the first I am going to kind of burst with certain myths ok, so his law is having a low success rate, because like no you choose the subject based on success rate right, the first question students ask me sir how much how many people have succeeded by taking laws and option, this is the first parameter like whenever you choose an option they take it right, so what about the success rate of law you think, see this is the rate of UPC, so UPC every year they used to give a kind of an annual report, you see based on that annual report from all these years all right, if you see that in all these years law will be in the top 10 ok, you have a kind of success rate ok, so among the among the non-literature subjects, among the non-literature subjects you can find law always in the list, law, medical science and all, every time apart from the literatures, literatures like you see literature of Funtari language like it is written by only 2 people or 4 people, but whereas in the case of law so 245 people appeared and finally so 41 students kind of like cleared ok, so that shows that shows law is always there in the top 10 ok, apart from so called like the famous subjects or the kind of like subjects which is what taken by most of the people, so law is always in the top 10 ok, so among the subjects opted by more than 100 candidates generally you see that like no it is in the top 3, so more number of candidates if you take like no apart from this literature, so law is always in the top 3 fine, so law has a better success rate, now second one, so only law graduates can study, how many of you are non-law graduates here, so UP platform which graduate, B.com management, D, this is the other one, yeah fine, now so you have your law option, sorry I mean like lawyer, okay fine, now in this case also only law graduates can study, so this is also, once it comes to UPSC, people taking their graduates it is very less, is it now, I mean like majority of the people like no take either geography, sociology, history, puh bad, political science, anthropology, psychology, is it not fine, so but most of the people appearing today are engineers and how many engineers take engineering as an option, very rare, very less, alright, so this is what, so you know this is one subject, you know medical science and law is one subject where lawyers and medicine of course like medicine is only doctors, like non-doctors cannot do that because I will give the point and of course studying medicine subject is very difficult, but in the case of law people say they have a career like they used to kind of take it even after preparing, well preparation of UPSC lot many people like know after studying quality they used to kind of know choose laws and alternate career also, I have seen so many people even some of our faculties also have done it, so many people, so many of my friends, so many people they have kind of done even officers who used to take law, retired officers also used to study law, alright, so law is not something that it can be kind of like very difficult to study, you put an effort you can easily kind of study graduation also here also, so what with respect to UPSC how the non-law graduates can have fair means, so if you see the trend and okay I don't have the data for this year and the last year, last year was not many people have cleared, okay, now last year not many people have cleared non-lawyers have cleared, but generally speaking like no so so many times, so many times people have got even the top rank also, this is their graduation and this is the rank they've got it, okay, so they have nothing to do with the law, but they have scored among the top ranks, even they have scored high marks also, sometimes non-law graduates have scored more than law graduates, national law students, this has happened, alright, so the second myth is only law graduates can study law option, it is not so even non-law graduates also can do that, for instance this Neha Jain, she scored more than 2 to 18, much more than the topper of law that year, alright fine, topper of the law means like sorry not the one who got top rank more than her, she also had a law option but she got a good high marks, fine, next one is syllabus is very vast, that is one of the problem like no looking at the syllabus they'll decide it's very vast and all, yes it's vast, yes it's vast but nothing wrong in that, why I say that because so the syllabus seems to be lengthy but it is well defined, well defined means this is the limit in which you have to study and they will ask questions from that, so the boundaries are well defined, the topics are well defined, so out of that boundaries are topic they are not going to ask questions, fine, and it can be, so I don't say short period of time, a relatively short period of time which you believe like okay it'll take one year to stay two years to stay not like that, it'll be can be done in say five to six months, so you see that like no almost like so the syllabus is more or less like what people study in their graduation, it is it is less than 20 percentage of what they studied in your graduation, law graduates know that like so you see, so this is the course in, this is the LLB course in initiative Delhi, DO and you see that not every subject is part of UPC optional, okay, not every subject even a law graduate, not every subject you study in law is not part of it actually, fine, so only few things for instance law of thoughts, contracts, criminal law, administrative law, constitutional law, international law that's it, not much, all right, fine, so this is something you have to keep in mind, so as far as the syllabus of the law is also when you compare like the popular subject like geography, history, bad sociology and other subjects and all, now you have to study at the level of masters, you have to study the level of masters but here in the case of law it's enough what you study at the bachelor's level, so for engineering, medical science and law, so the level corresponds to the bachelor's for that other than bachelor's a lower than master's degree equivalent to that of honours degree, all right for other subjects, it's not exactly master's list less than master's, meaning what this is what exactly given in the UPC notification, upon law whatever you study for the graduate that will be fine, okay, so it's not so many subjects as one presumes fine, now so I should study a lot of textbooks, big books like, so when you go to office, a chamber of like lawyer, this is what you find in big book books, our very lawyer, very very books launched in there, they used to say that, so should you study so many textbooks, now lawyers tell me what are these big books called, they call as reporters or anti-reporter or reporters, their journals only for reference, they don't study as much, it's only for reference, now as a law official, you're not expected to study all these textbooks and all, it's not at all referred, so you have to keep your book source limited, so with respect to study materials, there are limited number of books, standard textbooks are there and of course there is something called dookies, what does it mean, dookies means guide, alright, so people used to kind of refer to the guide to clay the examinations, so people have cleared with dookies also, just by reading to dookies guide also, okay, that is also possibility people and there are no shortage of materials also, the next one is like no, you have to find, you have to go and get the materials, it is very difficult because this is one of the parameters where you have to choose the optional, right, and if materials are there sir, so this is, there is no such kind of dearth of materials because like standard textbooks are available in the market, materials are available in the market and you can definitely learn from newspapers, okay, newspapers are kind of always filled with law related materials, alright, and the next one, sir questions are very dynamic, like I have to keep on frequently updating, laws evolving, so I have to keep on updating, that is not like that, there is a very little element of surprise or in fact like no element of surprise, what does it mean of very little or no element of surprise means, you can predict almost 80 percentage of the questions for sure, I am not saying me, you can, you yourself can predict, okay, this is 80 percent of the questions and the rest 20 percent of the questions depends on the current phase, so it might go dantic, so the deviation may go, so you can predict more than 80 percentage of what is going to be asked, so there is no element of surprise and it's very a kind of static one, alright, but there are certain current phase where you have to follow, so for instance, this is one problem they have it, sir difficult questions, I need to go, so lawyers used to say that like they have to learn lot of Latin terms, even I started with the Latin term you know, ignorancia, juries, non exquisite, alright, should I need to learn all these words, yes, you have to buy a heart, no matter which subject you take it, you have to buy a heart certain philosophers, you have to buy a heart certain concepts, is it not, every subject has its own set of like things which you have to buy a heart, so law also has it, but not many maxims, at the maximum some 15 to 20, okay, 15 to 20 only, not more than that as such, fine, but without maxims also you can manage, okay, so but it's not so difficult, alright, and with respect to the most of the questions, most of the questions always keep in mind that most of the questions are settled, solved position, whatever you study three years back, four years back, like the same position today and only, Keshavanadabadi is Keshavanadabadi even today, there is not much of a change, what is the basic structure is added, so similarly not much of a change only in certain areas, so that is something called as contemporary legal developments, in the contemporary legal developments only, like IPR, have you come across this word IPR, intellectual property rights, copyright, patent, trademark, okay, these areas are evolving, so these areas are the way like where you have to kind of keep on updating, alright, this is the area, I said with that 20 question I said no, you have to predict based on the current affairs, this is one area and similarly with respect to issues like whether death penalty should be there or not, this is a evergreen question as such, death penalty should be given or not, so this is a sociological aspect too also, so what is the aspects like the theories of punishment, okay, these things only you need to know the current update, whether presently is there any report submitted by law commission or what is the recent judgment related to that, you have to correlate the recent instances and then you have to kind of argue the case in the examination, this is what, argue the case in this and like you have to write it accordingly, they will ask, apart from that mostly it is a settled position, no confusion, nothing, next when I ask you about the advantage of choosing and laws and option like I will speak about the advantages also, disadvantages also, advantages means I can say that you can read law through newspapers, every single day at least a minimum of 30% is related to law directly or indirectly, definitely and law here includes constitution I mean, that is also major, it is about that and apart from that there will be, now can there be a country without any crime happening, definitely it will be there, okay, so definitely there will be key words about criminal law or international law or constitutional law, definitely 30% it will be there, so you can learn by going through the newspapers, you can revise by going through the newspapers, alright, so newspapers will make you revise, this is so far, so you know how to try to privacy, right, so right to privacy, which case it was anyone knows, which case, what is the case for name, Putta Swami's case, so when Putta Swami judgment came, right to privacy, every single newspaper carried out in the front page about right to privacy, so even if you are a newsreader, you cannot skip this, so all important judgments, all important you know recent issues like for instance recently Maharashtra crisis happened, it is related to what Maharashtra crisis is related to anti-defection, so you could have learned anti-defection here very easily, got it, recently elections rise by elections happen, now presidential election is going to happen, so this will be very helpful from the polity perspective, from law perspective nothing much, law perspective nothing much like they won't ask, but people from Tamil Nadu they might know about Periyava issue, now these people from Tamil Nadu they enter India right now because Supreme Court has like used one article, anyone knows that, 142 article 142 to do complete justice, we are releasing, you're taking too much of a time to kind of you know give him the punishment right, so now the entire country, so entire country carried out that page in the first, so when we discussed about the Supreme Court powers definitely 142 comes to mind, pardoning power comes to mind, that is what and that is what they're going to ask this year, got it, so newspapers will make a device, if you study newspaper thoroughly, so it will be very useful to you, okay next one, next advantage it is has a correlation with other subjects, it is basically multi-disciplinary, it has you know components from society, components from economy, components from you know geography, every dimension it has it like, so you can kind of for instance when you study about like you know international law, international law has elements of international relations, when you study about like Unclos, it has elements of geography, is it not, so every subject which we always study which has a limit of like when we study about IPR or when you study about like you know WTO, again they do economy, so it has all the overlapping that will be also very helpful to you, smaller people, it will be helpful in other subjects also when you write GS also and same it will be helpful for your optional law, so even SA also, all right, so whatever you study know, it has a overlapping not just in GS paper tool, not just in GS paper tool, GS paper tool like I can say that questions and problems you know it is very important, so not very important sense like no it has a kind of a very high weightage, this is quality weightage in problems, so every every year used to get an average around 15, this year it was 10, last year it was like 16 and that too previously it was kind of changing okay, so sometimes it is as low as 7, as high as 22 and all, but generally speaking some 15 questions is asked on average on quality, so you can kind of easily score in quality and get improved and similarly mains also, mains quality and governance you see that like at least 36 percentage to 250 percentage of 250 marks, so 102 and then marks to 125 marks we used to get it, so you can leverage okay whatever you study in the GS, sorry in the optional, it will help you scoring the GS, not just in paper 1, sorry paper 2, paper 3 also a bit and also even in ethics also even in SA also, definitely it will be helpful, fine, so and definitely it will be helpful in interview, you know one of the reasons why, one of the reasons why people used to kind of like law has a better success rate because the people the lawyers are able to get good marks or the law options students are able to good marks because like they use the reasoning knowledge which I learned from their law, why I say this one I will come to head because the biggest disadvantage of choosing law I can say you don't score more than 300 very rare occasions, people never used to score more than 300, very accurate rare occasions only that is the only thing, people even the top lancers like who got that more than or in the top 10 also they never scored so 280, 290 exceptionally they have scored more 312 and all, but the point is that people even though they scored less than 300 in law optional but they are able to leverage the whatever they are studying through GS, they got good marks in GS paper 2 ethics SA and all, got it? In the marida that is the reason why, if all my keklamas are how come someone who is scoring less marks less than 300, how come they are able to get in the top 10 and how come you say that like no law has a better success rate, this is the reason why because this is something like if at all you say sir I want to score 300 please don't take law, I cannot guarantee you even no one can guarantee this all right even if you bet the best of the effort based on that year's evaluation and everything there is a chances but it is very least that is the only thing but you can leverage that in the other papers definitely that will be helpful in GS paper 2 SA some point last year also it is see on the last 10 years there are three occasions where law was cruel like one was in 2000, one was in 2012 or 13 and one was during 2017 I guess one was last year so every optional you know it used to be taken a beating at least once somewhere like two years one three years one so also law has also kind of had its bad day all right I have to agree to that also because not every time so there was one time of period like where in no literature was at the high one time where history was so good geography was so good like so everything has a kind of season only so nothing is kind of guaranteed like you will get like good marks every time all right people that is so that is something like I have to say that all right so if you want to score like now so I have to show off like this is a score and all it's not possible people it's very unlikely I have to say this this is the biggest disadvantage all right once I can say this is the only disadvantage and all with respect to law optional and so the one of the biggest advantage I think is that you can learn law by dissemination of knowledge see you cannot discuss geography with anyone anyone means with the common man maybe you can say some things about clouds and other things maybe if you go to technical that's not possible geography or history people might like it but unlike the subjects like law where you can discuss anything related to law with anyone people be interested so you can discuss with your friends also with your family also so that you can get clarity how do you become a master in a subject only when you are able to kind of you know explain it to a persons who don't know it's a common man right now you can explain these two common man tell them like what is like criminal what is theft what is like murder this is what murder this is not murder this is culpable homicide this is what this is the best thing about law law can be learned by dissemination of knowledge right by by explaining to others this is what so you can be benefited the the person who is listening also can be benefited and so this is a very important question people just ask like whether I can clear the examination without taking coaching yes of course you know so there are people like who have did it like lawyers who have did that and non-lawyers they need a guidance so it's up to you either you take a coaching for the class or at least for the test series if not like you can get a guidance if you have confidence no anything is possible it's up to you if your lawyers you have studied the graduation very well you think that like you need guidance only test level it is also fine or else you need to learn also it will be fine so definitely so this is what I can say you can definitely clear without taking coaching also fine all the people now so we'll go to the syllabus in between so law basically has you know again like every optional it has two papers paper one paper two paper one has two major subjects okay one is constitutional law and the second one is international law what is there in the constitutional law you're going to learn with okay so first of all constitution constitutionalism that is the distinctive features of constitution you got to learn about federalism you got to learn about secularism you got to love but parliamentary form of democracy the salient features which you'll be studying that in gs and the word constitutionalism you see questions based on constitutionalism it was asked in it was asked in the UPC problems also constitutionalism means limited government a constitution which limits the powers of the government also to an extent okay so these are of questions when asked in films also so this is about the first topic and second it's about fundamental rights so fundamental rights like no you'll be studying one of the very important chapters in quality part 3 so PIL everyone should know about like PIL like public interrogation persons from Tamil Nadu traffic ramsam all else like there are so many movies made from that that movie money then or Jolly LLB it was in Hindi so PIL legal aid free legal aid meaning what like what are the provisions 39a if you are unable to offer the lawyer the state will provide you a lawyer so that is plus free legal aid those things legal service authority all right this is one of the most important topic in fact like most of the question in paper one comes from fundamental it's just only one topic but so many things and all okay similarly relationship between fundamental rights direct principles fundamental duties again what you study this these all these things you see everything you will study in quality GS every one of these things you will study about president governor quote excuse me center state relations local bodies excuse me center state legislative relations administrative relations it's about like finance and property that is about like permanent domain legislative powers everything every one of these things okay so till this 12th topic number one two sorry 11 everything will be studying GS but don't think that like if you study GS you can clear quality sorry optional or else don't think otherwise also if you kind of study this one no need to kind of know so you have to have a different approach see if you study these things it will be easy in the politics definitely but for GS means no you have to have a different approach I'll tell you like what is a different approach it's not that like no if you study okay you can skip GS no it's not like that or else if you study for GS you can skip here no it's not like that you have to have a different strategy for writing it so that is something you have to keep in mind and so you know what is eminent domain people so there are certain concepts like eminent domain eminent domain means what so state taking your property state taking your property land acquisition kilpah tricking love so highway need to be laid down like no so you they want to kind of take the property it's called as what eminent domain abduina so the the property the state wants to take for a public purpose they can take it by giving a fair compensation other the concept so there is concepts like this one so we can kind of easily study all right fine now from 12 to 16 that is basically called as what administrative law that is called as what administrative law very limited syllabus very limited portions you can easily kind of go through all right so principles of natural justice now this is also you'll be learning in that in kind of quality also natural justice principle natural periparga natural justice abduina so if you have a problem no say for instance like no these two people are coming with a problem to me I should listen to you people as a I should listen to both of you people and then make a decision right if I listen to you alone and then make a decision is it right that is basically one of the principles of natural justice hmm everyone should be here okay or no one should be condemned and had so that is something like no principles like this one and also like we'll discuss that national justice principle and article 21 also as a part of GS this is also part of GS so what is the meaning of delegated legislation delegation okay normally like no I have normally I the legislature has the power to make a law so they're delegating that power to executive and the mario repower payment delegated registration so in that delegated registration so what exactly so if at all like I've given certain power to you you you have made such law beyond the power which is given to you see I'm so busy number of parliaments are so busy they can't discuss each of these law elements so what we do that I'll give you this example delegated legislation environmental protection at EPA we have made the law but we have to make specific rules let's do water pollution air pollution or later to kind of any such things related to say coastal zones or zones related to say maybe e-waste rules and also what I can do is that I will give that power to the a's officers that is to secretaries that's to the executive but you have misused that power you have misused that power so how to prevent that misuse that is what we are going to discuss delegated legislation and its constitutionality and similarly separation of powers again one more important concept this will be discussing in politics what does it mean of separation of powers separation of powers among the different organs of government legislature executive and judiciary and similarly judicial review of administrative action so if an administrative have made a decision how it can be reviewed by the judiciary what are the things which can be reviewed by it and last is ombudsman that is lo kayakta lo pal it's a very small simple topic now what does it mean if lo pal have you come across lo pal lo pal at the central level lo kayakta at the state level lo pal lo kayakta okay so it's basically lo pal is a body okay so which will handle cases related to corruption of higher authority they won't investigate they won't investigate and also that is investigating mechanisms but they will kind of give the sanctions approval and all so it is also very simple and all right so everything is simple probably we study that is this is about constitution so mostly most of the gs you'll be kind of studying that in the this part constitution part now as well as i've been set up will be studying that in gs okay international the other half is international law so with respect to international law what you'll learn you tell me non-wise like now what are the things you you know about it see this is the only part in international law which has theoretical theoretical more you can say like theory related to philosophers some part apart from that rest apart it is very straightforwardly this is the uh this is the part where you have some philosophical thing and all but rest apart what is international law what is municipal law the relationship between them so we'll study about international law like paris agreement pna convention okay so how what exactly the relationship between them if we sign paris agreement how india is binding on paris paris agreement what is paris agreement or paris agreement on climate change so what are the kind of obligations india has it what if india doesn't follow that paris agreement so these things we have to see all right and state recognition state succession this is among the topics one of the trickiest topic state recognition state succession means if a country is divided british india divided into india and pakistan so who took the property who took the liability that is called as succession succession of naturally like me you say that like succession from your father who inherited the property similarly so from british india which are the properties went to pakistan which are the properties went to india how now from pakistan came bangladesh so how that will kind of come that is called as for state succession private property or public property where it will go all these things and all and state recognition state recognition means what palestine is palestine state or not now say for instance like you know uh uh some some part of the country like it breaks away and says that we are an independent country will it become an independent country automatically there are certain parameters right those things will be kind of discussed and state recognition like no so there is something called as recognition of government meaning what thaliban took control of afghanistan thaliban took control whether this nations or the states countries have recognized them or not either luck questions these are the case studies will be there see everything will have an example not an issue everything will have an example from the examples from the current happenings we can kind of discuss okay law of the seas one of the kind of again it seems to be biggest but it is kind of kind of biggest but it's not so big as it seems to be uh inland waters nine territorial seas contigo zone continental shelf ease at the high seas all these things and all very interesting topic you have map this is the map part we'll draw some good diagrams and then like no we can't kind of learn very easy very interesting also and um you have a lot of case laws here this case series here now in that like you'll be studying that in international relations also for instance like there are very good concepts like hot pursuit so we'll be studying that like no so assume that like no you are in a you're traveling in say indian ocean you're traveling in indian ocean so some mishap happens in that ship assume that like no you're taking this cordillia cruise right now this whole harm is there in southern part of india right so you're taking a cordillia cruise and then like no you're going to say um shillanka or so we're going to shillanka like you're going to the what is known as high seas high seas means more than 200 nautical miles so you're away from the shore two nautical islands well that what happens one person stabs another say one uh a person from england who came here he stabbed uh you can say shillankan so which court can try the case whether it is shillankan court or it is the you know um uk court or it is the court that is like maybe the the ship belongs to india or the indian courts so who has that right so similarly there'll be so many such case laws we'll be discussing that see continental shelf i said this has a this has an element of geography all the continental shelf and all because you'll be studying whatever you study geography that is that is what i say no multidisciplinary so you'll be studying that some elements in geography also and next about individuals nationality nationality means citizenship okay can you have two citizenship so which are the countries which has it like what will happen to them so all these things and all so it can be done so statelessness what is the meaning of statelessness best example rohingyas you're thrown out of the country saying that you don't belong to this country you're not doing citizenship in that case what will happen to you it happened in uh in in 1950s and 60s too the indian temples who settled in shillanka so what will happen to them similarly presently it is happening in more rohingyas than meandmar rohingyas as a bangladeshi origin muslim people who settled in meandmar uh almost for more than a century all right so that is what so all these things human rights very important topic human rights procedures available for enforcement you'll be discussing about udh or all these intranetal principles we'll be discussing about extradition asylum extradition you know extradition what is the meaning of extradition may well tani but it's one of extradition vijay malaya extradition we want to bring uh very good we want to bring vijay malaya to we want to bring vijay malaya to india all right so he has done some mistakes that is what asylum asylum means you are seeking protection julien asyan you are seeking protection means it's asylum so all these things we'll discuss that okay so treaties what is the meaning of international treaty agreement and about normal water report treaties the nor formation application termination reservations like if a treaty is signed when how how the treaty can be signed uh paris agreement how it can be signed in this water treaty so what is the kind of like uh how it can be terminated how reservations means i don't like a specific provision of a treaty what will happen all these things irritations principle organs powers whatever you study in international organization gs the same thing only peaceful settlement of disputes what is what is the role of icj international court of justice arbitration or principle mediation the principle all right mediation like no uh anyone have you followed this uh what happened in silanka when when lt was there ltt and silankan government was mediated by one country anyone knows anyone knows ltt and the silankan government were mediated by one country no the india went in before but so it was norway all right so that depends on it like no so i mean the cases are all like that depends on which one to choose mediation arbitration or conciliation or so south china sea dispute south china is the sea dispute between china and uh you know vietnam philippines all these countries they had problems so how it was settled all these things and lawful recourse to force sometimes you can use force also america has used force in afghanistan is it not so india's also like whenever someone is attacking like no it's not that every time we have to kind of go for a peaceful matter only if you attack me like no to protect me defense ltt know that element only when you can kind of do self-defense all these things again we go to that is what self-defense intervention aggression when you can intervene india has intervened in not no no no that is not intervention that is not that is on the request of the government and as a kind of for example pakistan bangladesh when 1971 bangladesh liberation war we have intervened that is an intervention and similarly intervention happened like mostly today intervention is done by us russia these two people only all right so we'll have examples so what is what exactly where exactly russian uh you know thing with respect to ukraine is it the kind of invasion it is a war or it is an aggression how do you think so we'll discuss that in the class all right fine and international humanitarian laws human rights where are humanitarians where are humanitarian law and et cetera hmm uh with respect to not war crimes so anything like to war okay so there is a kind of saying that like no not saying like there is a kind of rule that so during the war like no even if the person is wounded you get caught in my life you should not kill him this is the war this is the wartime law as such like now we'll be studying about geneva conventions how these things and all it came all right things so that is something called lever code we'll discuss that and 12th is legality of the use of nuclear weapons okay so whether nuclear weapons can be used npt comprehensive test ban treaty again it's a very small topic very very small topic it's very easy again international terrorism so this you'll be studying that in internal security also and uh we'll study here what is state sponsored terrorism pakistan state sponsored terrorism how do they kind of sponsor jishy mahmad lakshya rashkari toiba all right hijacking what does it mean of hijacking which state hijacking yes beast movie hijacking yeah hmm now best like more than beast like no i still think that that is a movie called paianam paianam movie so naghajnaz movie that was there in telugu india and new terminal also like that is hijacking hijacking a flight it's happened in 1990 in kandahar and all so what is hijacking and icc what is the role of international criminal court what is the role of icj all these things we'll be discussing and in new international economic order i said no economic aspect wto trips gate it's all factual either limits actual now other la poncho concept show then array so among them there are so many concepts here and all very factual very simple the ease and all like not much no many case laws nothing much especially this part this part in the it's very kind of actual protection and improvement of environment so environment will be studying constitution also paper one also paper two also fine this is what this is what we'll be learning the last one sorry this is paper one this is paper two so there is a chapter called law of crimes as well as thoughts okay so in the law of crimes and naghnaz first of all like no so you'll be dealing with what is meant to react to this not guilty mind all right so you'll be studying something called as intention intention so what you call it as you know so assume that like no you're inviting to my so you're inviting me to your home all right so while you invite me like no so what happens like so there was a so you asked your maid to clean the room properly clean the house properly but she made a mistake there there are oils split spilt and all so when i came enter like no kind of i fell down i injured my leg now can i file a case against you is it a criminal case why because you don't have the intention to make me hurt no the same thing so there are certain things like or else you're playing a love music so that your neighbors got kind of affected so that is something like so these are comes under the thoughts actually so we have to classify civil and crime in in civil law we are going to learn about thoughts contracts and all so in the law of crimes so how far this guilty intention is very important and kinds of punishment so what are the types of punishment we are going to see death penalty then life imprisonment what do you mean of life imprisonment how many years is life imprisonment it is the remainder of the person's like convicts life okay the till the remainder of the convicts life it is not like 14 years seven years left okay so these are life imprisonment and how it is given rigorous imprisonment and all right all these things we'll be discussing here and about i said no emerging trends to abolish capital punishment what is capital punishment what is the highest punishment you can give death penalty very good so that is all we're going to see and preparation and criminal attempt see IPC is kind of very interesting people IPC you can correlate lot many movies will come to your mind lot many news will come to your mind preparation and criminal attack so you'll be discussing so many instances like for instance so i i plan to say murder you all right so what happens is that so i'm just keeping a food sorry poison in the food which is we are about to eat so every time you come and eat in this table only so i have kind of poisoned the food and i've kept it here so that i expect you to kind of eat and die now what happens uh a kind of a you know cat comes in eats and dies whether it is an attempt whether it is an attempt to murder you or not or just preparation or else if at all i i say that like no so i'm kind of trying to steal your money i took a bag i put you know my hand in your bag but i find nothing then since i find nothing like i have kind of is it an attempt to theft these things only we have to see so everything like IPC full of illustrations examples IPC sir among the things it is the interesting thing it is the interesting fine and general exceptions and and and like the rishia movie the rishia movie what will happen rishia movie like you know he'll be kind of trying to show as if nothing has happened this movie came in Tamil also right uh that is what now general exceptions means like no if uh i'll give you a few examples if a person of unsound mind if he kills someone whether he can be punished unsound mind now who is kind of not having a mental stability all right or else any person who is intoxicated if it all the he has done whether it will punishable in them or another particular self-defense if someone is trying to kill you now you are protecting you want to protect yourself so you're killing them so what will happen to you so can you kind of like no take self-defense either on the pakapura it will be very interesting self-defense or not general exceptions joint and constructive liability in a joint and constructive liability now so this and criminal conspiracy there is a small difference i'll tell you so in the case of joint and constructive liability means like for instance um so you five people plan to kind of kill a person all right that quite is different that quite is there is a requirement is five itself but generally you so two people or at least like three people plan to kill so it has an element of conspiracy also and joint liability also now assume that like no so we have that in the room some three people persons are there all right so okay i'll give you a scenario now we want to kind of kill one person so we three people go to that place one of them waiting outside with a car another vehicle is waiting near the window another friend is waiting near the window to say that if someone comes give me a signal the third one goes and stabs kills the person so who will be given the maximum punishment the one who stabs know everyone every one of them will be given the equal punishment that is called as joint and constructive because everyone is part of that no so conspiracy is also something like that we'll discuss about conspiracy case the case of raju gandhi umbrella spoke model and all we'll discuss that so that was the case of like perry rebaland so even the perry rebaland did not kill no he knows that raju gandhi will be killed and he got a battery for for the purpose of that operation of bomb all right so those cases we'll see that in the case of criminal conspiracy offenses against state include sedition have you come across this word sedition sedition all these things and all these are very less important topic very small topic and abetment abetment means kind of you know you kind of supporting a someone to kind of do or you're kind of like no instigating someone you're making a conspiring someone to kind of kill that is what this is the most important all we'll be discussing about kidnap abduction hurt miscarriage wrongful confinement locking door like wrongful confinement we'll discuss about assault criminal force we'll discuss about rape unnatural offenses all these things the most important topic in paper to law of crimes very lengthy very most it is it is very interesting also all right offenses against property what is theft extortion koti at the lame pipe okay fine so there is a lot of difference as you see here like um i have kept this pen no i've kept this pen here all right so if someone takes this pen without my knowledge it's theft but if someone comes and takes a knife and says that no you deliver the pen to me okay fine you keep it that is what extortion are they my robber in order to lay aggravated from we'll see that so all these things and i'll be there offenses against women what does molestation stalking all it outraging the modesty other lame will be dealing with that and also uh later woman um cruelty dowry death all these things we will discuss in defamation this is very simple topic small topic hardly they use to ask questions just only once they've asked this question all right defamation now defamation criminal defamation all these things and so they'll be asking it and prevention of corruption act pcr that is pc protection of civil rights act ssd atrocities act pre bargaining these are very small topics all right more factual okay these are more conceptual more based on illustrations all these things we have to study the indian killing code all right so law of thoughts again similarly you have something negligence negligence and uh other national negligent turning on this you have not kind of made it so that is the reason why again defamation is there here also sometimes it will be repeated nuisance what does the name of nuisance you're playing a loud music i got disturbed nuisance like what will happen and they worry here is a conspiracy here is also conspiracy so you can kind of make a comparison join constrict liability join tort pieces general defenses general exceptions so we have a comparison it'll be it'll be easy and there is something called as uh vicarious liability vicarious liability you have to pay money for your driver's fault you know is it not that is the logic right if a driver make a mistake you have to pay money for that like your mistake that is called as vicarious liability that is what you'll see that vicarious liability strict liability absolute liability the case of uh bhopal disaster all these internalizing that falls okay so you have locked the room like you know deliberated so that i should not go out so what is the compensation for that malicious prosecution you're deliberately filing a case against me what will happen in that case for all these things and all right and then you have something called as law of contracts so law of contracts like no i can't explain like these things law of contracts it is also very much relatable to you it has lot many things on the for instance what is quasi contracts i'll give an example um so in the in the case of quasi contracts okay because if i start giving example it takes a lot of time but these are also very interesting these are also very interesting quasi contracts and other things say for instance standard form of contract very simple example i can give it to you every time you go to a mall or anywhere for a parking no shop you'll have a kind of a get a card in that card the back side or friend what they'll have what is the term of condition we are not responsible for any loss of property we give money to that only right they'll say that like we are not responsible for any loss of property any theft means like no that is the reason we pay money right and that is that allowed is that allowed all right so whenever you go for a train or whenever you kind of go for any such thing there is this terms and conditions right so what should be the standard form okay that is something again it is also like thing agency agent basically it's about agent you're doing with someone else help all right indemnity guarantee insurance so what will happen all these things and all like it's again conceptual only so we'll be discussing about that negotiable instruments now about check promissory notes these are very factual it's very simple factual sale of goods sale of goods account if you want to sell a car for if you want to buy what are the things you have to keep in mind arbitration consolation i said it's a term like which is will be appearing in paper two also paper one also this is what and contemporary legal development mostly based on current mostly based on current affairs PIL again it is there in paper one IPR that is about what is patent what is copyright trademark mostly current affairs based only it related loss cyber loss concept purpose and prospects competition law competition law have you come across this word predatory pricing anyone who has used ola or uber they know about price you should know about predatory pricing you keep the price first of all very low you eliminate the competition thereafter it can keep it high and ola came here no per kilometer ac 10 kilometer in the car and all is enough what you thought is that oh these people are very good you know what happened gradually the small place in the market they gradually went out unable to kind of either they have to attach to ola or uber or they have to go ultimately what happened once every competition is eliminated once you become a monopoly nanda elame once i become monopoly now i increase 25 rupees per kilometer 30 rupees per kilometer sometimes you know that like now i've taken screenshots of ola and uber like know sometimes you can see from 800 rupees i have a rain time but it's still like that is what now so that now you know now that whatever they say is the rule you know so that is what so we'll be discussing about these competition laws and all so so many cases blades geo and the atlant a lot of many cases it'll be admari adr again part of this arbitration consolidation part part one also be there again related to environment that was in paper one it was it's more related to international here it is domestic rta what is rta very factual media trial what is the meaning of this trial by media media decides no he is the kind of culprit they will become a court the case of shishant singh rajput they declared rya chakrabati to be the the person who killed or kind of instigated the suicide and consumer protection act consumer protection like no so what is what is a who is a consumer all right so many things like consumer means like you know if you are buying car for your own purpose and then giving it your friend whether that will fall under consumer goods or if you're using it for commercial purpose will that fall under all these things and all consumer protection is also very recently the mayor and amendment so we have to study this so this is the outline of all these again i can't explain all these things and all okay so this is the outline of all these things and now like i would like to say few elements like first of all like so there is one question which is being asked again sir can you repeat the disadvantage of law once again i say like disadvantages that you cannot score more than 300 i don't know even i have that even i can't answer like maybe you can only have to file even you can't file an rta saying that why you are not giving so many good marks for that but despite that as i said like even though you don't score even though you don't score but if you look into the data but the data says that data says that people taking laws and option they have a better substitute okay so this is it's a kind of a interesting comparison you see every time i said no 2000 this is 2012 data 17 percentage see apart from apart from the literature or for those things taken more than 100 and all like medical science like this is here and here it is also economics and medical science and here it is also medical science and law all right every time you can see that like only 2015 it was very less like if you're not on 15 2000 it was in 2016 i guess it was very bad uh 2016 only i still remember that that year i also wrote in 2016 was the least i said no so now when then it will be screwed every dog has its day so even every option have its bad day so this can be a possibility also 2016 that was the only time less than 10 percentage of people 313 people appeared for mains just 12 people here all right i was one among the 3313 and i also did not hear as such by that that time all right and this is what again rest about them it is always in the top fine this this is the disadvantage as i said this disadvantage can be leveraged okay still if you ask the question again and again so how come having scoring less how come they're able to success so they were able to leverage what they studied law optional in other g subjects that way you can compensate you can get a good mark and interview also all right and one more thing like no so when does the syllabus starts like the class actually the class is planned to be a weekend but right now like there is a change of schedule also timing also everything is changing so it is going to start by the month September and it's going to be just only one batch from September it will be till February so September October November December September October November December January February so six months so why it is taking six months time and that too it is not a weekend it will be a day we'll be having an alternate days Monday Wednesday Friday or sometimes you can have it on Thursday also so the only the reason why we are going to have like this one as i've chosen is i don't know put much pressure on the people by the time we start by September so we'll be kind of completing for the other batch is completing quality we'll be having some basics so it'll be easy for us and it'll be kind of revision for you by the time like September and all some of international organizations everything will be done so now you'll be having the basics I need not explain the basics and you will can again it will be kind of revision for you for GS also so it'll be good by the time so September to February so so normally so if we have three classes so every second week or two times in a month you'll be having tests okay two times like second weekend okay second weekend you'll be having a test for the portions completed the six classes we complete now you'll be having a test you can kind of write it all right people so from from February to again like you have to focus more on prelims we have to focus more on prelims and by the time what will happen is that from February to this one so we'll and after the prelims as usual like no we'll start the test series and off for law option normally so once you join it here like no for the test series it will be free because we have a very limited people it's not like like 100 200 it'll be every year around 25 to 30 people only at the maximum all right so 20 to 30 people only normally we'll be having a very limited number of things so we'll be kind of able to handle like this so I'll be myself evaluating the papers and all so I'll be giving it the feedback so you can easily contact me and other things and all so this will be the kind of thing so the course starts by September ends by February so it'll be a six month course it will be a weekly not weekends weekends will be for test all right people fine now we can ask the questions whatever you want any doubts yeah no no need of writing citations citations not required what is the meaning of citations now like no you have to write the year okay which a reporter you have taken that's not required not at all not at all no need to write citations you have to say what is the question of law involved and what is the answer that's it nothing else apart from that okay nothing else apart from that timings will be ma for 532 8 it's offline as well as online so meaning like no you can choose either offline or only people if you're far away you can choose online if you're here it will be offline you can come here attend here there is no problem in that and you can continue also you can continue after that also like if you want to go to your home bike and you can continue in the online also the same thing but don't choose based on the interest alone you go through the previous your question papers like we'll be having a if you want like no I can share like no I'll give my number also okay this is my email ID this is my number all right so you can put your queries also I'll send it like if you want any some questions all right if you want any previous your question papers anything you want to go through I shall kind of forward it to you you decide I can't say it's optional it's you have to opt it I can't say what is good for you all right if you have interest and if you like the subject yes you can but I have said the negative side and all but again like which is possible and there are so many people as I said Neha Jain she is a kind of doctor she has nothing to do with the law but she has studied even without referring to standard textbooks even without referring to standard textbooks okay so as of now like I'll be giving only like no we'll be as from the academic side like we'll be giving some materials for reference some material for studying apart from that like I'll give you prescribed set of textbooks that will cost you around some some 2000 rupees if you're not a if you're not lawyer if your lawyers do already have it so that all the textbooks for studying the dookies what I say you know it'll cost you around had everything put in total cost you around some 2000 rest apart you not spend and apart from that I will also be giving handouts periods to you all right so you can do that also so you can contact me you can ask me maybe if at all lawyers and non-lawyers you think that sir like no so I need to kind of check it like whether I'm writing no properly that's a writing properly like law properly you can kind of send it to me you can mail your queries also you can call me you can kind of you know text me out so call normally like no I'll be in the class so I'll be attending all right so you can kind of text me whatever it is I let my way to happy to help you all right people any doubts don't decide an option by scoring or not scoring I will tell you this one because like no so if you want to score like definitely even like max is also scoring like no engineering is also scoring people score 400 also people score 40 also it's up to your effort you put see parametric to choose the option now that is what so number one availability of materials first thing is about interest you should have an interest you kind of first of all narrow it down to few options okay sir I'm kind of confused between say political science for bad and law sociology and law or say history and law whatever it is you kind of you know narrow the kind of choices and then you kind of like no go through that the syllabus go through the previous presentation papers have a word with the faculty all right and then you attend the you know what is called as the this demo classes also this is demo optional demo means like no it's about orientation so something I guess we'll be giving it like one year so there's a classes also one of the two classes we'll be giving that you can attend the classes also if you wish to then you can decide so people this is the biggest dilemma but finally it it is with you there's no such nice specific no fixed rigid parameters and all if you're a lawyer like no kind of muddy clogs you know nothing wrong with that non-lawyers also you feel it interesting it'll be interesting as it law will be yes it's more factual in fact no need of more analysis under the more analysis is like factual in the sense like no so what exactly the question of law involved people over examples on and also what was held in a specific case you have to say that like no for instance if occasion on the barbie you'll be studying that in gs location in the barbie what was held at the doctrine of basics that is the key point all right in some cases for instance like input or some is case okay whether right to privacy is a fundamental right or not okay if so under which article so on that basis parameters we'll kind of discuss it but it'll be very crisp on knowing to kind of go through the entire thing and now case loss where you have to buy hard now in among these subjects here there is one thing there is one the tauts into clear the tauts is the verum case loss only in tauts you have to study case loss constitution yes you have to study certain case loss international yes certain case loss but case loss are not much important if one and more here concepts are more important part you have to then in the right articles in constitution international more examples concepts more examples law of crimes sections a lot for section to go I'll make you remember I said no newspapers by reading newspapers you'll buy a hearted don't worry at all 378 not perfect 302 now murder everything like no so the definition this is murdered punishment 300 murder thing out of all these things will be it will be in the newspapers not solid line it will be in the newspapers definitely here in the less sections here because only case loss cases mutton now for each of these topic you have to remember at least minimum three of the three cases either the mutton or case loss very important contracts are not much case loss and all concepts only here and all full of concepts and facts only case loss line you are not required here and all here not till case loss inga warikadha sections maximum it warikadha to here here full of case loss here and all concepts only very few sections only maybe if you want to here and all full of again concepts few international conventions and articles here full of article in an article we have to study in gs also we have to say and here also cases matters constitutional cases matters this is what okay maximum over 15-20 cases cantipa over 30 quadrilateral but we'll kind of practice how do you remember the phone numbers of your friends frequently dialing the same thing frequently kind of you can revise in any kind no issues