 Thank you. I don't actually have a question. I wanted really to express some very special thanks because these ladies, these women who have spoken to us have shared their personal experiences and I know that's very difficult. So I would like to express my gratitude for all the sessions which feature on the IOM Council's agenda but particularly for this one because it's really touched us and I want to say how grateful we are for this particular session. We've heard some very interesting things said here today. I was very interested to hear from the individual of Chilean and Peruvian descent. That's very interesting for us and it will be very useful for our work. The gender issue is very important as well. We always hear that women are vulnerable as migrants but we'd also like to stress the achievements which they've made and the positions which they've risen to. So thank you very much for the panelist's work and thank you to the IOM. Thank you very much indeed for that intervention and we have another speaker over here. Thank you. My delegation subscribed to what was just said by Colombia. We share a great deal with Colombia particularly where migration is concerned. As Colombia was saying the statements which we've heard were fascinating indeed and I think this panel is one which has touched all of us here. I think it's very relevant to all of us. So thank you to the panelists. We've heard some very hard-hitting stories but these are the realities which bring us here to this room to see what we can do to improve the situation. We want to avoid the millions of migrants around the world from feeling alone. Some people have had very lengthy struggles which probably seemed as though they would never end but those struggles have in some cases ended. Others have struggles which don't end and who are probably now resting in peace in unknown tombs. But we have to think about the very many different situations which migrants face. We've been repeating over the course of this week's debate that we continue to condemn xenophobia and we enshrine that condemnation in our national policies and in our work at the international level particularly in our work towards the post 2015 agenda. We have a great deal of theories of course about all of this but we need to be practical too. We need to hone policies. We need to make sure that they're implemented by those responsible for implementation. One thing that Miss Mariebe mentioned was insults and very basic rights which should begin at school and so we know that the first challenge we face is one which relates to education. We need to ensure that the education system is as it should be. We think that through education we can prevent xenophobia from getting into the hands of power. Thank you. Thank you German. I'd like to espouse what's been said by my colleagues and thank the administration for having established this panel. I'd also like to thank the speakers this afternoon. I'm very pleased to see a women dominated panel that strengthens me in my feminist stance and undoubtedly bolsters parity, that parity which we seek. So thank you very much. We can see that this panel carries on the theme of other statements we've heard here at the council. We were very pleased to hear the words of Miss Samudio and Miss Mariebe in particular. I'd like to thank Sessim Kienge. My first meeting with her took place at the ministerial conference on the diaspora. She met with our minister and when I met with her, one question which I really wanted to ask her was please tell me your story but I wasn't able to ask her to do so because we were busy with other matters at the time. So thanks very much to the IRM for having invited Sessil and for having allowed us to hear her story. I'd also like to thank Miss Lee for her very significant statement. Even in my country that statement will be something which can inform our migration policy and we're currently trying to build in the needs of migrants and new cultures. So those experiences are very useful for us with that. In conclusion I do have a question for all the panelists and the question is do you feel that your status as women has complicated or simplified your experience as migrants? How has it done this and why? Thank you very much. Before we take the question, perhaps we should talk, I think these distinguished delegates of the democratic public of Congo, would you speak? Thank you moderator for giving me the floor. I'd like to thank the panelists for their very informative and useful statements. My question goes to Ms. Kienge, a member of the European Parliament. Madam Sessil, migration in Italy and in Europe is clearly having an influence on policies. Integration of foreign migrants is an issue which affects politics. You as a parliamentarian have also been active in a number of associations. You've also been involved in a number of meetings relating to migration and its consequences. Over the course of your battle and your parliamentary work, would you say that the image of migrants in general and African migrants in particular is changing, is improving and is public opinion becoming more understanding? Is a greater understanding of migration being achieved? We know that a great deal of meetings are held, events, but can we see that perceptions are beginning to change? Is the image of migrants beginning to change in your opinion? Thank you very much. Thank you for that question. It's a difficult question to answer in fact. I don't think the image of migrants as such has really changed. I'm having a number of difficulties in the parliament at the moment and that's why I'm creating a group against racism, against discrimination because immigration is to some extent still seen as something to be feared, as something which is linked to crime and migrants are often put into the same basket as criminals so I think we need social change. I'm not discouraged however. I think we need to put in a great deal of work on this and in my political group and in other political groups which share these ideas we have called for a line of work to take place for a change of approach to immigration because while ever immigration is seen as a danger, as a threat, it will be very difficult to set up policies which look to migrants needs and I think we need to work towards a common policy on behalf of the entire community. Now this is very difficult, we have directives, we have laws which are made by the parliament and applied to the entire community, but these directives and laws are not applied uniformly across all the 28 member states. This is a significant weakness because we need to try to apply what appears in the statutes of the European Union. Solidarity, joint responsibility that has to apply across the 28 member states. So this is a very significant line of work and it's a very sensitive area as well, we need to try and work on the image of migrants and on the language which is used to describe them. Now when I embarked upon my first term in Italy, I had a very simple motto, I'm not coloured, I'm black. That's a transparent language, we need to call us pay the spade, we need to say things how they are and we need to show respect for the people who stand before us. This is also a message which I've tried to transmit in your realm because as parliamentarians we need to begin seeing migrants as a source of wealth, as a resource rather than a problem. So we need to work a great deal on that and that's why I'm very much engaged in thinking about citizenship, that's still a priority in many countries. While other individuals can't forge a firm identity, firm idea of who they are, integration will be difficult but we're working on it. Thank you very much. We're approaching the end of the session before turning the floor to Italy to answer on the question on the status of women. I'd like to make a Robin Naked plug for the coming year we have a social media campaign which is designed to try and unpack the perception of migrants and try and get people to look at migrants with a more positive eye and I think the panelists here are a perfect reflection of that because they've succeeded in the countries and they are succeeding or have already succeeded in the countries that they are now living in. So for those of you who are not very aware of social media, I'm sure you have younger people you can ask about it, but the general idea is that we'll be looking for every country to produce a list of its migrant heroes. Who are the people from your country who are living abroad and making a serious contribution to human endeavors? We don't just want to know about football players but we want to know about proper contributors that you're proud of in your own right. So with that, I'll pass it over to you quickly. I'm just going to touch on what was mentioned there about the status of if the status of a woman is complicated or simplified things for me. You have to understand that the difference of how multiculturalism is being seen in Korea, it actually started with marriage migrants. As I have mentioned during my speech, most of the multicultural policies in Korea stem from policies for the family. So 80 percent of the marriage migrants in Korea are women, 80 plus percent are women. So when the society gave the opportunity for migrants to be able to to be able to express themselves, to be able to go out and work for the society, most of the most of them are, most of those given the chance are women because they are the ones who are actually, most of the women, migrant women, migrants are women. So most of those who got the chance to be able to work on it, to be able to go out into the site and do something are women. So in short, my status as a woman in Korea actually simplified going to the top or breaking glass ceilings back in Korea. And I also would like to mention the thing about the education to battle xenophobia. I think it is really very important. It's actually one of the first laws, first bills that actually passed when I became a member of the assembly. Korea, as I've mentioned, has been proud of its heritage as being homogenous in a way. And textbooks are actually teaching children that you should be proud of being one in law. But now it's actually changing. And one of the bills that I passed is actually to have education, in understanding multi-culturalism for students in schools. So I think it's really very important for everyone, especially in Korea starting out, especially in countries starting out, trying to open a store for immigration to start in and to be able to educate children regarding what discrimination or prejudice is. We're approaching the end of the session, but I see two flags up. So shall I ask the distinguished representatives of Germany to please make an intervention? Thank Bill Williams, Swing and his staff for organizing such an interesting morning session on the post-2015 UN development agenda in this afternoon, having this very convincing presentation of migrants voices. My only remaining wish would be that you can present or we can present that kind of presentation to a wider audience. And maybe we can use the links of me to the television to make it broader. It would be my only plea. Thanks again to IOM for organizing this, thank you. Thank you very much. I'm sure that's hardly endorsed around the room today. Could we speak to hear from the distinguished delegate of Ethiopia, please? Thank you, Mr. Moderator. We are very happy with this panel, which is, we also join Arkodik from Germany by thanking IOM for this wonderful panel. We often talk about medical forms of discrimination, xenophobia, intolerance and racism faced by migrants. And this panel has brought about the different aspects of the discriminations which is faced by migrants and their families and which has faced the respective of their status. The experience of the panelists in their different government posts and the descendants of the migrants and the problems related with the integration is fascinating to listen to. It has also brought about the issues that are often neglected but needs to be addressed, which is the issues of families of migrants, especially the one touched by the last two panelists. I mean, I have two questions. The first one was what do you think needs to be done to ensure the integration of migrants and their families in the destination countries? Because I mean, if the elements that they touched upon though they have lived in the destination countries for years, there's the problems, the way I see in their integration and the way they are approached by the host communities and what needs to be done in your view? And do you think the manifestations of like racism, xenophobia, intolerance, and have they changed and gained new aspects, especially after listening to the comments from the panelists? She was talking about the questions that are forwarded to her, where she's from. It actually violates at her private space and then it kind of relates to racism. It was kind of interesting and then it actually made me to think whether the manifestations have changed and it has gained new dynamics just for you to comment on those things. Who would like to take the first part of that question? Yes, we have to note that in order to provide assistance to migrants in terms of integration in the host societies, we need to provide support for them. There are some countries who have policies with regard to housing, which does not include a point where they can meet the population, but rather the formation of ghettos where migrants live together and closing on themselves. So there needs to be good integration. There needs to be support from local institutions and instruments, which will provide information on all the rights of migrants in the country where the migrants are integrated. And this will ensure good integration, the possibility of having direct contact with the local population that enables people to know who are the new persons coming in to their country. Who are these new people that we're going to have to deal with? There is a lack in this regard and so the clichés continue. The delegate from Morocco asked a question which is also linked to this last question, the fact of being a woman. For me, this has complicated life for me because women always have the stereotypes that they have to deal with, especially women of African origin. You're black, you come from Africa. I was a doctor, I worked in hospitals before I entered political life. And the question which was always put to me was, but are you an African-American? Meaning it was less serious. So if I was black and African-American it was less serious than if I was black and African. So we have a long way to go. I was guilty because I was black, I was guilty because I was a woman and I was guilty because I was born abroad. And I was guilty because I dared to study. I dared to occupy a position of responsibility as a woman. I shouldn't do that. So that just overthrew all the taboos and really complicated my life. And this is why I still receive, I still am subject to attacks and insults. And this is why I can no longer walk around freely in Italy. This is what I'm saying. It's as a result of what I'm telling you about. When the country takes, becomes aware of this and develop programs to raise awareness about these stereotypes and cliches, then we can have good integration policies. I would also add that two weeks ago, I called the Minister of Integration in Belgium when he, after he made some racist remarks, I asked him to look at me, to look at the Congo and the, we need to look at the effect of colonization in schools. There are still books that talk about ethnic roots and stereotypes, which highlight differences and the fact that we're not the same. And if we really want to work on integration, we need to look at school programs. We need to start with that, look at communication programs. We also need to review our policies so that there is real mixing and integration among people. So this has really complicated my life, but it has made me stronger today. Thank you very much. Well, it's a good question, but I think that you were asking if the manifestation of xenophobia perhaps has changed and comes in different forms. I think yes, I think it's something that is very, has become perhaps more subtle. And I think it becomes sort of fine tuned to it. And for me, the resistance that I show perhaps in the beginning when I ask the endless questions is sort of a test, you know, because if they respond with sort of a hostile, offended way, then I know more what was the thought behind, you know. And if they accept, then this also tells me something. And I think what lies behind is maybe the story of what a Norwegian looks like, because I've compared notes with friends who also have migrant parents, but from European white countries. And we sort of see the difference, you know, in how they are matched and what kind of questions they are asked and how they are accepted. So yes, definitely, I think it's something fine tuned and I think it has something to do with what we defined as an Norwegian appearance or the appearance of a person from a certain country. I couldn't stress more about how pretty new the multi-ethnic multicultural phenomenon is in Korea as compared with other countries. And I think it's a very good position to actually see how other countries did before and to set up new ways or to set up new policies to be able to have a Korea, a multicultural Korea all on its own. One of the biggest things that I did even before I came to the assembly, even before joint politics is to better the perception of people about migrants. And as I met these people, I had a lot of xenophobic attacks, especially when I first started in politics. All of those people that has been cheering me on while I was on television or while I was in the movies, actually, in a sudden twist, in a sudden change of position, started to attack me xenophobically. So I think it is more of, at first we didn't understand maybe if it's just because I'm moving up the ladder or it's in a different thing. But most of the people that we met, which is very negative when it comes to foreigners or to foreign people, most of them, most of the hatred or most of the xenophobic attacks that they've been doing, stem more from having a negative experience with migrants. So before a lot of those negative experiences go on within the society, I think it's very important for people in Korea and for a lot of migrants in Korea to be able to be able to go out there and better the perception of the majority regarding migrants. Now, about the integration part, I think as of the moment, one of the best things that the Korean government is actually now doing is, yes, assisting and having policies. I think Korea has one of the best policies when it comes to supporting the migrant communities. But one thing that is very important is for the governments to actually support the migrant communities. There's a lot of communities within Korea, the Filipino communities, the Vietnamese communities, the Cambodian communities, and these communities actually have the experience and have been in Korea earlier. And a lot of them are actually very willing to help with the integration of the new people coming in, coming in within Korea. So it's very important for the government itself to be able to actually help these migrant communities, yes, the migrant communities itself. And there's one funny thing that I saw, and we were talking earlier about the Espora. I went to this village in Korea once, and I saw that all of the old people, Korean people in that village, were trying to learn Vietnamese. And I was wondering, why are you learning Vietnamese? Because they were saying, there's a lot, because there's a lot of marriage migrants here or migrant wives here who are from Vietnam. And I said, why is it that you are the ones learning Vietnamese when actually the Vietnamese women should be the one who is learning Koreans? They said, oh, well, we are thankful that they came to us. And then they actually made this village alive again. And I was asking the Vietnamese woman next door, how did you come here? Oh, I was, it was because someone recommended me or or recommended me to my husband. And who is that someone? Oh, she lives next door. And then I found out that within that village, we have a lot of Vietnamese women married to Korean men who was married to Korean men who came from one particular village in Vietnam too. So it's a connection. And within that village, we can see how strong and we can see how strong we can see how strong the connection between all of the people, the village itself and the local government unit itself, trying to help all of these migrant communities and all of these people and the migrant themselves are trying to actually help each other to integrate and to have a better life within Korea. Thank you very much. Riveting end to our discussion. So if there's no further interventions, I think we can bring this panel to a close. It's been a privilege to be here in the minority position and to feel what it's like to be at the other end of the spectrum when we've got such brilliant guests with us and such really terrific and brave people. So it's been an absolute honor to be among you today and thank you very much for listening and for contributing. Thank you.