 Bacteria and bacterial components have multifunctional properties that make them attractive natural bion nanocarriers for cancer diagnosis and targeted treatment. However, concerns over biosafety, limited anti-tumor efficiency and unclear tumor targeting mechanisms have restricted their clinical translation and application. Combining bacterial therapies with engineering strategies and nanotechnology may be able to reverse these challenges and enhance the versatility of bion nanoplasmic nanoplatforms to improve biosafety and inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis. This article was authored by Roy Zone, Hainan Ruan, Chanmin Lu, and others.