 Hi, Myself Dr. Anu Jain, urologist from Manipal Hospital, Habal. So on the count of world kidney day, upcoming world kidney day, I'll be speaking on urinary tract infections for your general knowledge. So basically urinary tract infection is in general is a very common entity which we deal in day to day practice and in fact the patients also they are dealing with this entity at several times in their lifespan and these infections are very very common. So these infections mainly they are in terms of that they are uncomplicated UTIs as well as complicated UTIs. So uncomplicated is mainly in the reproductive age group females which will have encountered this and then 40 to 50% of the women in their lifetime they will definitely have one episode of UTI, urinary tract infections. Whereas complicated UTI are mainly seen in the cases of older men with a predisposing factor of benign prostate hyperplasia then along with maybe for the kidney stones or bladder stones in the setup along with that in pregnancy patients and in the patients who are have some other immunocompromised status and other than the most common diabetic patients it is a complicated urinary tract infections which we encounter. So mainly the infection which we usually encounter is a lower tract infection which means mainly the bladder infections that is basically a cystitis which is bothering you at most most commonly but for a urologist the more bothering is the upper tract infections which brings us to the kidney infections. So kidney infections it can present as pilitis, it can present as pylonephritis and maybe just an end-space station it may as emphysematis pylonephritis also. Who are the factors for all these kidney infections? The predisposing factors mainly diabetics, mainly immunocompromised patients, HIV patients who are mainly patients who are on immunosuppressants or on malignancy treatments these patients are the main patients who have risk of developing complicated kidney infections. So how do they present kidney infections? Kidney infections present mainly in the form of fever, high-grade fever with chills. Chills should not be ignored in any patient. At times the presentation might be only chills without any fever episodes. So chills should not be at all neglected along with flank pain is a very common feature. But in diabetics sometimes the symptoms are not that obvious they have they don't present with these obvious symptoms they present in the later stage with full blown sepsis, vomiting, severe vomiting, dehydration and then subsequently they go into multi-organ dysfunction syndrome because of the sepsis involved. These patients end up in a very very bad state and they need immediate management. So there is how to go about the management of unit tract infections in general. In general normally the antibiotics at the state of care for managing a unit tract infection episode but in patients who have complicated UTI especially the kidney infections in the form of palenophytes and these patients need more utmost care. They at times need intensive care management and along with they need at times drainage procedures in the form of double DJ stenting that is a systoscopic procedure minimally invasive done by a rheologist to drain the whatever infection is collected in the kidneys it can get drained through the into the bladder and subsequently to the external. So and the other is the percutaneous nephrostomy in patients sometime when there's a proper frank porulent pus in the kidney that is drained by the percutaneous nephrostomy. These are the main interventions which are done in the emergency setup when the patient presents but yeah then with along with this antibiotic care and all the other supportive treatment the patient normally will recover but at times it has its own morbidity and mortality involved so we should never neglect our kidney infection and what about the preventive measures preventive measures mainly we have these days since we have a technology advancement we can do and we can especially in diabetic patients we have the facility of doing a removing the necrotic papillae which are the obvious of often the source of obstruction to the urinary passage and it leads to the recurrent episode of kidney infections. These can be dealt with endoscopic measures we can go inside using a plexi scope and we can retrieve the papillae and so that the future risk is decreased for the upcoming kidney infections in that particular patient and the other modalities apart from that is that we can look for we can give this thing a probiotics to replace the internal milieu the bacteria growth the the residing bacteria in the bladder as well as in the urinary tract so these can be taken care of with by probiotics and other supplements in the form of cranberry mannus extracts which can help in decreasing the risk of recurrent UTI. So I conclude here and for any doubts and any queries you can reach us to me in Manipal Hospital Habal we'd love to solve all your queries and needs thank you