 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary intake and serum levels of vitamins A, E, and related compounds in a cohort of pregnant women in the Midwest US. The results showed that non-white women were more likely to have vitamin A deficiency than white women, while both races experienced similar rates of vitamin E deficiency. Additionally, subjects with public health insurance had lower serum levels of lutein, while those who lived in food deserts had lower serum levels of carotene. Furthermore, subjects with low or marginal food security had higher serum levels of lutein and cryptoxanthin. These findings suggest that dietary intake and access to healthy food sources are important factors in determining vitamin levels in pregnant women. This article was authored by Corin Hansen, Marina Verdi-Schumacher, Elisabeth Leiden, and others.