 Well dear students, we are studying the course Labour Policy Pakistan and our topic is definition of constitution by Thomas Paine. Now question arises as to who is Thomas Paine? Thomas Paine was an influential 18th century writer of assays and pamphlets. He wrote The Age of Reason, it's a book. He wrote Rites of Man, again it's a research paper, and Common Sense. He talks about philosophy and what is philosophy? It's an art of reasoning, it's a dictate of reason, it is logic in fact. So Thomas Paine is not a common man, he's basically a researcher, scholar, jurist, come to his definition as regards constitution. Constitution is a thing, antecedent to government, it's a beautiful thing. Constitution is a thing which doesn't make the government, but the government is according to it. It is basically the will of the people of any country, and a government is only the creator of a constitution. The constitution of a country is not the act of its government, but of the people constituting a government. The constitution basically is a document which is the will of the people. Constitution is the body of elements to which you can refer and quote article by article. Constitution may have articles, article 1, article 2, article 3, article 4, article 5. Article se murad ye hai distinct portion of the constitution, article is distinct portion of the constitution. To constitution mein, jo book lift principles hai wo article by article likhe jatne hai. And which contains the principles upon which the government shall be established. Ke government kese banegi, kaun banegi? Democratic process hoga, parliamentarian form of government hogi, ya presidential form of government hogi? Kya modus operandi hogi? Ussare ka sara constitution principles ki shakal mein batata hai. Even ye bhi batayaega ka election kese honge, election commission kese kaun krega? Parliament ki duration kya hogi? Aur kistara executive apne frais saranjam deka? Yaha par aap dekhre honge ke kuch alfaaz hai aur aage unke maani likhe hui hai. Inkar samajna aap ke liye bahar zoroori hai. Jaise anti-sedent kalafs likha hai aur uske aage maani likha hai forerunner. To yaad rakhne ki baat, jahaan kahin aapko koi love samajna hai to aapne dictionary zoroor open karne hai. Aur iss subject mein, sab se pehle to aapne black slot dictionary open karne hai, fir uske baad kisi aur source ka istimal karna hai. The constitution is the fundamental law of a nation that establishes the institutions and apparatus of a government, defines the scope of governmental sovereign powers and guarantees individual civil rights and civil liberties. So dear students, constitution is the fundamental law of the land. Yaha pe agar constitution hai to nation bhi honi chahi. Nation ke mutallak bhi bataya jaara hai, a large group of people having a common origin, language and tradition constituting a political entity. To nation wo hati hai, jo ek political entity ho. Usme log common origin se ho, language ek ho. Aur dosi languages bhi aasakti hai, jo majority ya minority bolti hai. Aur traditions ho, jisko wo commonly share karte hai. Isme ek aur bade technical jo loves hai, wo hai likha ho hai, apparatus. To constitution ki definition mein, apparatus ka loves bhi aata hai, usko bhi samajne, uske maini hai, tool ya device. Now let's move on to the word sovereign power. Ta power to make and enforce law. Sovereign power hain usse kate hai, ki jo state kanun banasake aur kanun ko enforce karte hai, usse sovereign state kate hai. To constitution ke bagar, sovereign power determinant hi nahi ho sakti. To do love this tamal hote hai. Dejore de facto. Agar kisi ke powers hain to wo dejore honki ya de facto honki, dejore hi hai, ki constitution kaha hai, ki asul ye hai, ki ye power iske paas hai, to isse dejore power kainge. Aur agar power constitution kaha hai, ki iske paas nahi hai, aur wo shaks excise kaha hai, to ka jayaega ki ye de facto powers hai. To dear students, the constitution is the basic body of law of a large group of people which has a common origin, language and tradition, constituting a political entity that focuses on establishing the organizations and tools for the sovereign power within the state. To constitution ni sari documentoi aur baaki jitna razi duri law hai, procedures hain, adjective laws hain, wo sab ke sab constitution ke tabe hain. To constitution basically channel karta hai, cheezon ko right direction mein aur iss ke bagar mulk ab existi nahi karte. So constitution is the primary document of the land, supreme document of the land. I hope you have understood the topic.