 Uterine inflammatory diseases and postpartum dairy cows result in reduced reproductive performance due to aberrant uterine and ovarian activity, which is caused by infection with gram-negative bacteria leading to the detection of lipopolysaccharide, LPS, and plasma and follicular fluid. LPS impairs follicular steroidogenesis and reduces follicular activity, resulting in infertility due to impaired oocyte development and reduced trophoblast cells and blastocysts. Further research is needed to develop novel treatment and prevention strategies for urine inflammatory diseases by advancing our knowledge of the pathophysiology underlying ovarian dysfunction. This article was authored by Fumie Magata.