 Now, let's look at key quotes relating to the character of Shylock. Now, Shylock in the merchant of Venice is presented as essentially the villain. He is the Jewish villain and Shakespeare does play on a lot of the really negative anti-Semitic stereotypes that unfortunately have been used to depict Jews in a very unfair manner. Okay, so some of these stereotypes Shakespeare does use when it comes to the character of Shylock. Now, Shylock is presented as somebody that's really disliked across all of Venice because he practices what is called usury, U-S-U-R-Y, which is basically lending but using very high and outrageous interest rates. In other words, when you give a certain amount of money, say 10 pounds, but then you charge interest per month on top of the 10 pounds that you owe to give back maybe an extra five pounds each month, you still have to pay an interest, right, which is outrageous. Okay, so basically Shylock is disliked by Antonio and all these other characters because he basically practices usury. In other words, he's seen as really greedy, almost immoral in his money lending practices. However, on the other hand, we can also see Shylock as a very victimized character. In other words, he is almost dehumanized firstly just because he's Jewish, because maybe if he did the same thing, but perhaps he was white Christian, so maybe English or in this case, obviously it's based in Venice, so Italian white, perhaps would his usury be seen instead of being greedy? Would it just be seen as a very savvy business way? We question this, of course. However, we can argue that Shylock is a very victimized character and he's really treated like an outsider, so maybe it's his environment that makes him into a very greedy, but also a very negative character, because also Shylock doesn't sometimes help himself the way he treats his daughter or misses his property, he controls her, but also the way he's so hell-bent on seeking revenge from Antonio by trying essentially ultimately to kill him. This also is something that essentially shows that he's someone that doesn't practice forgiveness. Now, as you can see behind me, essentially after Ped, the key quotations to remember, as well as the word level analysis and the structural things to bear in mind for each quotations, particularly if you're studying Shylock and writing about Shylock for either assessments or exams. So let's have a look at the key quotations to remember for Shylock's character. Now, the first quotation to bear in mind is when he is approached by Bessonio, so he's a money lender, Bessonio is looking for 3,000 due cats and Bessonio basically tells him, look, I'm coming here, I'd like to take a loan from you and this is also based on Antonio's good name, so basically I'm going to use as security Antonio's good name and Shylock basically asks a really good question. He says, okay, so how can Antonio make sure that he's going to be able to afford to pay me back this 3,000 due cats in three months? And Bessonio says, well, he's got all these ships at sea that are going to make him all of this money, so it's going to be fine. But then Shylock asks ships about boards, sailors about men. In other words, he's saying, well, ships, you know, and even at that time, especially, you know, they were made of wood and so on and so forth. So he's saying ships, they can basically break at sea, right? Sailors, they can make mistakes, they're just men. He basically lists out the reasons why maybe Antonio banking on everything being totally fine. Actually, what will happen to Antonio if there's a ship break? And he foreshadows the news that Antonio does later get that all his ships have been wrecked at sea and he's become bankrupt, okay? Now, for this quotation, the word-level analysis you want to do firstly is the surveillance of Essence ships and sailors, also the repetition of the conjunction or connective, but again here, actually, this is showing Shylock as actually being a very clever businessman, rather than Bessonio who thinks everything's going to be okay, Antonio also thinks everything's going to be fine. He asks clever questions. That's probably why he makes money. He's able to make a profit because he's able to kind of ask these clever questions. The second quotation for Shylock's character is when we learn why he hates Antonio. So we learn that Antonio is really horrible to him, but also he hates him because he's Christian. So he states, I hate him for being a Christian. Of course, here, the elicitation of hate and hate him and he shows the passionate intensity in Shylock's anger against Antonio. The third quotation to bear in mind with Shylock is when he also adds to the reason why he has this hatred for Antonio. Even if he's going to lend his friend money, he hates him and it's because Antonio, he hates our sacred nation. Now here, when he talks about sacred nation, bear in mind that Shylock is Jewish and the sacred nation of the Jewish population is Israel, even in the Bible, Israelites were mentioned and so on. Now, in this instance, the word of love analysis you want to do is the adjective sacred, of course, to describe the nation that Jewish people hail from. The other quotation to bear in mind with Shylock's character is when he states and he's explaining to Antonio actually what I'm practicing, which you guys call usury. In the Bible, you'll see a lot of my business practices there and actually he then says, and thrift is a blessing if men steal it not. When he says thrift here, by the way, making profit is a blessing. So he's actually saying, the money I'm making and all these, all this money and profits are making, it's a good thing. It's even in the Bible, the Bible accepts that this is a good thing to do. Now here, the word of love analysis you want to remember and actually this is a structural point, this is a zero here. So thrift is a blessing, if men steal it not. So of course here, actually, Shylock is making a very valid point. If you're able to make profit, honestly, you're not stealing, but also when you make the profit, you don't steal it from yourself. In other words, you don't make all of this profit, then you spend it all. Actually, that's a blessing. So he's making very valid points. However, just because it's coming from him and he's Jewish, all the characters dislike him. So also we can see here, actually, people are mistreating Shylock and they're treating him in a very unreasonable way, because even when he says this and he cites Bible passages and Tonyo dismisses it, he says, well, you know, a devil can also cite Bible passages. I'm not listening to what he has to say. Now, the other quotation for Shylock's character is when he's now, so now here we can also see he doesn't always help himself. He's also not very kind to his daughter. There's a theme of fathers controlling their daughters, like the way Portia's dead father controls her, Shylock controls his daughter, Jessica. And ultimately, Jessica has none of it and she runs away. Now, his control of her is when he states, Jessica, colon, lock up my doors. And this is an imperative sentence. Bear in mind imperative sentence basically means a sentence that states a command or an order. Now here, of course, when he's telling Jessica to lock up my doors is because he's about to go out. He's about to go to meet Bassanio, Antonio and so on. And he just seems to be very negative, always kind of having these walls up and also trying to trap his daughter in his home, which doesn't really feel like a home for Jessica. It feels almost like a prison. The other quotation to bear in mind for Shylock's character is when he realizes that Jessica hates him and she has not only run away from him, she has stolen his diamonds, his jewels and money. And he can't believe it. He says, my own flesh and blood to rebel. Now this is what we call an exclamatory sentence. In other words, this exclamatory sentence, he's really shocked. He can't believe Jessica could betray him in that way. Also, of course, here he's talking about Jessica as his flesh and blood, in other words, his daughter. And this is a metaphor because Jessica can't actually be his own flesh and blood. However, we feel kind of a lot of sympathy for Shylock. He seems really alienated and isolated and the only one person who may be was on his side of the camp, Jessica. She's also run away. She's also completely discarded him to the side and also stolen from him. The other key quotation to bear in mind from Shylock's character is when he describes how Antonio has treated him. He says, he hath disgraced me. And of course, the alliteration here of he and hath again shows his passionate anger and the intensity of his anger against Antonio's treatment. The other quotation for Shylock's character is when he's justifying why he hates Antonio, but also we can now see and this is where we feel a lot of sympathy for him. He says also, this man and a lot of people in Venice hate me because I am a Jew, full stop, hath not a Jew eyes. Now, he goes into this, you know, almost a monologue where he's basically stating out the reasons why people don't like him. And it's simply down to the fact that he's a Jewish man. And he's saying, I bleed like everybody else. I cry like everybody else. I have eyes. I have ears. I have, you know, I have body parts just like any other human, but yet you're treating me not like a human. So of course, when he asks this question, it makes us question why people would mistreat other people based on their heritage. So being Jewish, but even for example, the color of the skin, we can see through this question that how stupid the treatment of Antonio and other people are to Shylock just based on his Jewish heritage. Now in this, these two sets of sentences, which are quotations relating to how we feel sympathy for Shylock and how society mistreats him just because he's a Jew. What you want to focus on firstly is a simple sentence, I am a Jew. Okay. And of course, this makes us realize just how stupid and how irrational society is mistreating Shylock just simply because he's a Jew, because that's not really saying anything. Also, you want to focus on the rhetorical question. Have not a Jew eyes because basically this rhetorical question is asking is a Jew not human beings like everybody else, but you're treating us as subhuman. And finally, what you want to focus on is a repetition of the word Jew. Of course, this is the focus on antisemitism. Remember, antisemitism is when anybody has a hatred of Jewish people purely because they're Jewish. Okay. And of course, here we can see that Antonio has a lot of antisemitic feelings towards Shylock, but also the other characters do also have antisemitic feelings towards Shylock and they punish him purely because he's Jew, but he was born a Jew who really can't control that. Okay. The other quotation for Shylock to remember is when he realizes that Antonio is bankrupt, he's actually very happy and he doesn't want anything. He doesn't want, even if his money was doubled, even if he could get double the Jew cuts, he doesn't want that. He wants a pound of Antonio's flesh. He wants his revenge. And he states, I swore to have the Jew and forfeit of my bond. Now here, you want to look at the pronouns I and my, of course, here we can see that as I mentioned, Shylock doesn't always do things that seem favorable in his perspective and on his side because here we can see his use of pronouns. It's all about him. It's all about him seeking revenge. And of course, we can see here is a very stubborn character. The other quotation is when he asks, what judgment shall I dread? Doing no wrong. And this is when he's at court and he's speaking to Balthasar. And Balthasar is basically, obviously it's Portia disguised as a man, but she's cross examining him, you know, they're asking him all of these questions and he says, I have nothing to hide. What judgment shall I dread, comma, doing no wrong? Now here, he speaks in what is called Iambic pentameter. Now bear in mind, Iambic pentameter is any line in a verse or a sentence, which has 10 syllables, one stress, one unstressed. And of course, if you're not sure what Iambic pentameter is, do make sure you check out the video where I go over Iambic pentameter. However, here in terms of vital analysis and sentence type, you want to focus on the fact that he's speaking in Iambic pentameter. This is Shylock speaking in Iambic pentameter. And that's interesting because do bear in mind that Shakespeare actually tends to have upper class characters speaking in the Iambic pentameter. And it's the more working class characters, the people who maybe are working as servants that don't speak in Iambic pentameter, for example, they speak in blank first. So actually here, of course, we can also see that Shylock is an upper class character. But here we can see that he's totally blameless. He's not done anything. And he says his heart is clear in court when he's being examined. And he's only just asking for Antonio's pound of flesh because that was the term of the contract. Then the other quotation to bear in mind with Shylock's character is when, at the end, he realises that he's not even going to get the pound of Antonio's flesh. But then he says, okay, fine. Can I at least just have my original 3000 due cats back? Okay, so I learned that. Okay, it turns out that, you know, I can't have Antonio's pound of flesh, but can I get the money that I lent? Okay, which is a fair question. And then he asks, basically, shall I not have barely my principal, and of course here you want to focus on the assonance of A and shall have barely and principal. Again here, Shylock is asking for what is his and he's being denied that he never gets that principal. Principal means the original money that anybody who you're learning money from, that's the original sum that they give you. So he's just basically asking what is a very honest question. Can I at least have the money I learned? And he's never given that. In fact, he even loses more than that. Okay, so also arguably we can say that that money was also still in from him. Okay, and again, this shows us that Shylock is very victimized in society. Finally, the final quotation to bear in mind of Shylock's character, of course, when he realizes not only has he got to give up half of his wealth, he has to also become a Christian, he'll never get back his 3000 due cats. He basically says, I am not well. Okay, and this is of course a declarative sentence, bear in mind declarative sentence states a fact, feeling a mood. Of course, here he just can't believe he's lost everything. Everything has gone against him. And all he did was just do business. But yet it's these people, these supposed Christians who are supposed to be the more morally superior people, they've stolen from him, they've basically taken his money, and they've also punished him by telling him, we're also going to take half of the wealth that you've worked hard for. And oh, you also have to change from being a Jewish person, you have to renounce your heritage and become a Christian. So of course, we can see that Shylock's ending is not happy at all. Everybody else is fine at the end of the play, but he loses the most. So that's it, when it comes to key quotations, remember, and what you can consider when you're analysing these key quotations for Shylock's character.