 That's let's let's turn to the audience and we'll take a couple of questions and then I'll summarize them and Right down here in front, please. We can get a microphone right here Please while we're waiting for the mic. Go ahead. It's right here. I just I just want to say What I'm saying is something which Is it on yeah, wait just one second. I just wanted to add to what I just finished saying The technology for this exists has existed for centuries. It is not something that we don't know how to do And in pockets of practically every country you will find this being practiced. Yeah Therefore, it's not so much a question of do we know how to do it? Yes, we do Do we have the? The concern to do it is to be institutionalized at scale. Yes, please sir Moderator, thank you. I I think you are moderating one of the most important panels of this conference And I say that because I've always had a passionate interest in education I was secretary general of the OECD and I personally created the education department because with such put such references out of what I was essentially in the Canadian cabinet now Out of that you may know we run a we created a program at that time called PISA Which is the program of international student assessment, which still plays an important role allowing people to compare results And they're pretty reliable because most countries don't change a lot in the scale and this takes you know 250,000 was our first test and now of course, they're just looking at teachers No, I'm not at the OECD now, but I think it's extremely important and and early child education Let me just make a personal comment as you were talking about your children. Yeah, well, I was very fortunate in my own education Because I grew up on a small farm in the Ottawa Valley during the war. I was born in 1936 My brother and I by the time we got to school, which was a one-room school house We could read we could write we could do arithmetic because of my mother Now one of the things we got to think about when you talk about You're trying to a good health you're talking good habits think of how important the parents are in terms of every child in education Yeah, because you know from then we went to I went to a major public school Which was also good because people drawn from all walks of life and all races and all community downtown schools We've lost a lot of that in the last 50 years My point is that that early child education which you refer is very important now moving even to the university level I sat on the principal's international advisory board in McGill The big debate is what are we educating people for what jobs? Even in university. Yeah, things are changing so quickly and you heard that come out there wish this morning Point out that the technology is going to be such that in five years We won't recognize the world today. Now. How do you train students for that? Yeah, and how do you train students so that they will not be displaced by AI? Which is coming at us fast the rapidity of changes today is incredible So so let's get our panels to react to two great. So one is teachers So the importance of teachers and parents is teachers. Well, that's my own experience with my mother. That's why and And the other is a little bit more on how we train How do we educate young people especially to take the onslaught of? Artificial intelligence and the speed at which things will change Quickly comments, you know that I totally agree with you about the the family special vulnerable families That's the lucky that you have the head and everybody here probably Most of the people here should have their parents as teachers Where the development happens? The majority of the vulnerable population. They don't have this because this we do we must Try to convince Governments about how to help these people vulnerable people in their homes in their community and The science showing that this if you do this with quality you have good results if you visit People in their homes and if you visit visit them in their community. It's this helps and another thing at least in Brazil Yes, teachers Professors are really important. We do have a huge problem in Brazil because they are coming out of universities to teach young people with only Theory not practical And we are trying also to convince our policymakers in Brazil to change this It's a huge resistance from university They don't want to change the curriculum But we are trying really hard to change because you know to teach young children You have to to know how to interact and everything and they're very theoretical about it Other thoughts, please turn around So I can say a little bit from my own experience of ways we run programs in in India which Have the potential of reaching about three million children In at various stages of early childhood and so on It's a large-scale system change at effort and we are essentially looking at Shifting the teacher perceptions not so much of of course their skills and so on but much more of their role and their Understanding of who they are and why they are there We're trying to do that as teachers at What difference does that being make What does it change in the society if they are there and and that it seems Makes a big difference to their abilities to both acquire fresh skills But more importantly to connect with the children in a way that's much more effective for them Yeah, that's one thing that we the second thing we do is to Recognize that the teacher in capacity is a part of a larger systemic question of Systemic incapacity of leadership etc across the entire system. So we work with With officials who go all the way up to from the from the grass roots people all the way up to the state officials who manage those Systems etc and we basically say Everyone who manages that system needs to understand at least three types of leadership We said if you're running an education system, you must be able to provide pedagogical leadership You must know why and how children learn and what's the best way of doing that? You must also be able to provide institutional leadership Unfortunately, not very well done in in our country where most of them are treated essentially as postmen for passing on instructions back and forth, but we try to Help them see that they are actually leaders managers of those systems Which then creates a certain willingness and an interest in fact to Not only help themselves In input get again looking at their role as a different one from that of merely being a Carrier of instructions from one side of the other the third thing we say is it's very important for all of these people to be able to exhibit community leadership We know that when communities get engaged with education and children fair much much better We know that when they're not engaged. It's an uphill battle for everyone so how to connect with the with the communities etc and And make them a part of the children's learning processes that seems to again help a great deal As I said our program potentially might make might reach three three million children We don't think we need actually reach three million children, but we probably reached about 25 percent which for us Yeah, it's pretty good number Juliet Teach them to read and limit the access to Electronic media on a daily basis would be my response So we've got a red flashing light at us We're we're giving you know, we're giving back a little bit of our time I realized in terms of how that clock started, but we're happy to do that Let me let me just finish with this thought Sorry, okay, we'll take one more. Yep depends on how much the organizers let me ignore this red flashing light So right down here first Oh to Aberdeen I sit on the boards of various educational entities and We focus on the Middle East My question to the panelists when you have a society where one group demonizes the other When you have politicians who demonize That has a major impact on children on young people and how do we get this Get rid of this demonization if we really want to have a society with healthy people who are happy with themselves Who feel good about themselves? So it's a great question. How is it, you know We're very good at dividing each other and marginalizing groups. How do we how do we break down those? How do we stop that marginalization in order to create a greater good? struggling with since morning today. Yeah, and In some ways, I would say our hope is the children we You've seen again and again that Even in society the place I come from deep divisions on the basis of caste and Backgrounds and so on and so forth The adults won't talk to each other the adults won't sit in the presence of each other children will mingle and play The Unfortunately, what does happen is as the children grow up? They are socialized into the same sort of social mores and that eventually become like them But I think if we could if we have hope anywhere to create us a more inclusive society a more Dialogic society then I think it would make sense for us exactly doing that at at the level When the children are young to help them develop a the ability to see things as they actually are this person is not necessarily a demon The one who's next to me because he actually looks like me works like me thinks like me feels like me It's possible for children to see that and the second To try and see if we can build Not just not build I would say retain the capacity for dialogue that the young children have For a little bit longer. I mean if we can if we can take them to 20 years I think we'd have you know, we've done the done the job well Let's take this last one right here, and then we'll then we'll have to wrap up ladies and gentlemen I'm so sorry to Virgin. I cannot let the one session about youth go without young person talking I am so sorry with all I'm I'm with the generation why I'm 32 years old and I work with a generation C with 15 to 20 years old and Although we thank you with for all the efforts that you're doing for education on the long run We need to solve many problems on the very very short term and in my experience. I think that Education is a very complex problem That will need many many years to solve but all the other programs that we can run at the same time with school Whether it's extracurricular stem arts Photography anything all the young people that I work with they want to do things with their hands They want to be involved not in the classroom getting information not in front of a laptop getting information but doing stuff and making stuff and Learning by doing so, please if you can just shift Also your focus on the short-term goals as well, and thank you very much Say say something about short-term Children or even adults do things with their hands or create With their hands it induces a sense of self-competence and accomplishment and that in and of itself is a positive Development social development factor And I think that I decry the the loss of the opportunities for children to to create pottery sculpting Engaging music just just the arts which give us as human beings right from name hi to Adulter that sense of being more than just what we are learning from our books other thoughts on short-term Well, just just to say that learning by doing this Is the best way of learning there is and of course our young children Great even when we do that The connection of head heart and hands is a very very special one and The short-term and the long-term do not have to be Separated out I think when the short short term happens well the long-term follows But I think it does need to be pursuant to a particular plan It does meet there needs to be a sense of where we are going and I think that's what the long-term does and what needs to Happen now which is using the hands is what the short-term does Just you finish up you're talking about social motion or skills they're learning by doing It's and one thing that I disagree with you that I think we can't solve Educational problem in the short term. We do have to work hard Because everybody tell us tell us that all education is too complicated too Ideological, but you know how many generations we're gonna lose if we don't solve in the short term I really believe at least in Brazil that we can we can do solve the educational problem Let me let me wrap with with this thought Even though we've got two former bankers here in the middle I'm pretty confident in saying from three of us that work in Human development field and one in the field of medicine the answer to the question about how do we stop people from? villainizing each other is make a commitment equity You know I I grew up in I grew up in a part of the US that we talk a lot about today Politically former steel countries Standard oil oil refineries and back when I was growing up We had if you had an African-American a black American working next to a white American working next to a Mexican-American All in US steel making 25 dollars an hour. Everybody was happy There were a hundred and twenty five thousand steel jobs in this part of the region in the Midwest just outside Chicago today, there are three thousand jobs and I went off to college most of my friends went into the mills and those are the those are the Populist movement today, and I'm a global elitist If we care as much about the path they took as the path I took especially People of color or minorities in in societies and focus on equity, and I'm now speaking to political and economic leaders That will be the future of our economy in the future of our political system. We want to rebuild back Democracy however, we define it representative government then equity is the answer and A humans a human-centered Focus on equity that is about growing the marketplace, but in a way that leads to human success as well Thank you for letting us be a part of this this session these two days