 So, this is another dissection of the neck. This time we are going to show the superficial veins which are visible. In order to see the veins more clearly, we have reflected the sternocleomaster completely so that we can see the veins and the distribution much more clearly. So, let us talk only of the veins because we will be removing the veins shortly. So, let us start from the top. This vein that we can see here coming down, this is the retromandibular vein. In this patient there is a small anomaly. The retromandibular vein actually is formed by the union of the superficial temporal vein and the maxillary vein which we can see here deep inside the ferrotted gland. And this is the ferrotted gland that we have removed and this is the retromandibular vein. Ideally, the retromandibular vein is supposed to be divided into a posterior division and an anterior division. In this case, it is not divided. The whole retromandibular vein is coming down. And the posterior division in a normal situation is supposed to meet with this vein here which is also inside the ferrotted and that is called the posterior auricular vein. But in this case, the posterior auricular vein is directly opening into the retromandibular vein. And again, in a normal situation, the posterior auricular vein when it opens into the posterior division of the retromandibular vein, then it becomes known as the external juggler vein. But in this case, there is no external juggler vein. It is the whole retromandibular vein which is coming down. And the retromandibular vein as it comes down in this case, we are seeing that it is meeting with this vein here. This is the facial vein. And once it meets with the facial vein, it becomes known as the, once it meets with the facial vein, we can see it here. This is now known as the common facial vein. And the common facial vein then opens into the internal juggler vein which we can see here. This is the anomaly that we see in this particular cadaver. As I was mentioning, in a normal situation, the anterior division of the retromandibular vein is supposed to meet with the facial vein to form the common facial vein which is supposed to then open into the internal juggler vein. But as we mentioned, in this case, there is no posterior division, and therefore there is no external juggler vein. If the external juggler vein had been present, it should have continued down superficial to the sternocleidomastoid, and it would have opened into the termination of the subclavian vein. But in this case, that is absent. So that is one set of veins that we can see here. Let's come a little anteriorly. As I've already mentioned, this is the facial vein. And the facial vein is continuing and meeting with the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein. And the common facial vein is opening into the internal juggler vein. We can see a vein here. This is a tributary which is coming from the submental region. So this is a submental vein. However, most of the submental veins, they unite, as we can see here, they unite with each other and they form what is known as the anterior juggler vein. And here we can see that the anterior juggler vein is giving a communication to the common facial vein. And the anterior juggler vein then opens into the termination of the external juggler vein. In this case, the anterior juggler vein is very thin and it is located deep inside and I have removed the clavicle to show you the anterior juggler vein. This is the anterior juggler vein. Normally, it should have opened into the termination of the external juggler vein, but here it's opening directly into the subclavian vein. So this is the anterior juggler vein. This is another vein that we can see here. This is the transverse cervical vein. And it is also receiving a communication from yet one more vein and that is the supra scapular vein. So the transverse cervical vein, supra scapular vein and the anterior juggler vein, these three are supposed to open into the external juggler vein near termination, but in this case they are all opening directly into the subclavian vein because there is no external juggler vein. The anterior juggler vein gives a communication to the opposite side and we can see that communication here. And this communication is referred to as the juggler venous arch and the juggler venous arch is located in a space in the juggler notch of the manabrium inside two facial layers which is referred to as the suprasternal space of burns. So that is where the juggler venous arch is located. It is a communication between the two anterior juggler veins of either side inside the two facial layers, the anterior layer being formed by the one layer of the investing layer of cervical fascia and the posterior layer of the space is being formed by the posterior layer of the investing cervical fascia. So these are the superficial veins that we can see in the neck. Thank you very much for watching. Stay tuned for the next video. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out.