 Greetings dear parents, welcome to today's Karanta fair session on civil speedia. Today we will be discussing about Ritu Bandhu scheme and about Kuril islands and open market operations under our prelims topic and about the recent very important bills that have been passed by the parliament in the winter session of the parliament under our main topic. So let us move on to the first topic of today the Ritu Bandhu scheme. So this is a state scheme. So when you're studying about particular state schemes have it in mind to know about that particular scheme which state is implementing that scheme and who are the targeted beneficiaries in that scheme and with respect to this scheme just try to know about the payment mode through which the direct benefit transfers being done to the targeted beneficiaries and about the payment cost details. So Ritu Bandhu scheme is a scheme of Telangana so it is basically an investment support scheme for the land-holding farming community. So as a part of inputs the government is paying some amount to for the farmers to purchase their inputs. So it is at the amount of rupees 4000 per acre per crop season. So the government pays 8000 every year for two crop seasons and this payment is irrespective of the crop type. So they pay uniform to all those farmers who have land and it is being paid in the check mode. So the mode of payment here is through the checks and it costs around 11,500 crores to the state's X checker. So this is a very successful scheme that is going on in the state of Telangana and it has also reaped some political benefits for the ruling party. So if this particular scheme if it can be expanded pan India so what would be the benefits. So the government has to invest around rupees 2 lakh crore if it is going to put it across pan India for only one crop season rupees 4000 so if it is going to pay for two crop seasons then it will be around rupees four lakh crores approximately. So there were also certain such schemes that have been drawn up by various states for example in the state of Madhya Pradesh which came up with a price difference scheme but it was a total failure because it was not able to match the actual price difference towards what it paid to the targeted beneficiaries. Now this particular Hithubandu scheme has been expanded or taken as a model scheme and has been expanded in the states of Odisha and West Bengal with some improvements and also the price support and agricultural loans at what now the state governments or the central government is giving is causing financial burden on the government and also on the banking system. So when you are able to support the farmers at their input level at their starting level of agriculture only a lot of loans can be reduced because now the government is giving soaps or loan waivers only so this is not going to solve the problem from the crux but this can solve the problem from the crux to a certain extent. So this was given in the newspaper and how about this particular Hithubandu scheme would be a sustainable model. If you see in China it introduced a comprehensive input subsidy to grain farmers in the year 2004 and it also came up with agricultural input subsidies and seed variety input subsidies which was launched in the year 2006 but all these three were clubbed together in 2015 and came up with a single payment scheme and this was a bit success over there and it all approximately costed rupees 1.36 lakh crore to the Chinese government. Now the difference between the Chinese government and the Indian government is the Indian farmers are mostly predominantly small or marginal farmers which means the farmers with the land holding farmers the land holding farmers population is going to be huge when compared to China. So hence we might be requiring about 2 lakh crores if you're going to go with this investment support scheme. So this is all the thing that you need to know about the scheme from main's point of view. What are the advantages and the disadvantages and the challenges that are faced by this investment support scheme. So just have a view at this. So this particular advantages of investment support is it provides an equitable approach because irrespective of the crop the investment support is same that is being given by the state government. So it will bring equity among the farmers because if you see in some states like Maharashtra there were a lot of subsidies for sugarcane. So the farmers started cultivating more sugarcane but in this case it gives an equitable approach for all the farmers to work on whatever crops they like to have. And next thing is it will bring transparency to the system because it's a direct benefit transfer. Right now it is being paid by the states by the state government but across pan India it can be digitized similar to our Mandrega scheme the direct benefit transfer scheme. And it is an inclusive scheme it will comprise of all the farmers irrespective of the classes and it is very easy to administer only the starting level work has to be done once it is done the entire administration will become easy and it is less prone to leakage since it is a direct benefit transfer scheme. And it is of less technical nature as I told because there is no cost like you need to determine the cost of this cost determination would not be a problem because it is going to be a uniform price support by the government and it will also be less distortionary and it will lead to lesser NPS as I already told the banking system is already suffering from a lot of NPS out of which the NPS compresses even from the farming community. This can be largely reduced if you're going to give subsidies at the input level only and it will not impact the crop choices as I already told and it is advantages when compared to farm loan waivers and price support measures but you also need to know about the disadvantages of this particular scheme. So Telangana government has covered only those land holding farming community but these tenant farmers and also the landless laborers have not been included some measures can be taken by the central government to include the tenant farmers for example if you see in the state of Telangana they comprise about 30% of the entire farming community in numbers it is about 15 lakh of farming population so they are left out. So this is one of the disadvantages of this particular Yutubandu scheme and challenges to implement would be intensive rectification exercise of land records. Now this should be a foolproof mechanism and Telangana government succeeded in doing this within a one to one and a half years so after doing this rectification exercise then they started giving away the money. So even across pan India this has to be this exercise has to be taken up at the first point and on-time disbursement now the on-time disbursement has to be made sure by the central government so this would be made possible or made easy only when it is the mode of payment is through a digital means and to include tenant farmers landless laborers next thing is it will bring in higher efficiency and better efficacy so these two are operational challenges just by bringing in the scheme you cannot ensure efficiency or efficacy only with the help of smoother operations we can bring in a very efficient operation and an applicable operation. So this is all you need to know about the investment support scheme from the mains point of view. Let's move on to our next topic Kuril Islands dispute. So this is a major dispute that is happening between the countries of Japan and Russia so this is frequently in the recent news that Russia has built some barrages in the disputed islands of the Kuril Islands so with this aspect and with our prelims point of view all that you need to know is this particular dispute is between the which two nations and the sea that is near this so it is between Russia and the Japan so between Russia and Japan this Kuril Islands are present so there are North Kuril Islands and South Kuril Islands so some four islands of the South Kuril Islands which is not to the which are located not to the Hokkaido Island of the Japan so the islands names are Itorub, Konashir, Shikotan and Haboma so these are the disputed islands which are present in the Sea of Okhotsk. Sea of Okhotsk so just remember this remember the sea remember the islands and between which countries and the nearest landmark is the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia and here the nearest landmark is the Hokkaido Island in the country of Japan so this is all you need to know about the Kuril Islands dispute with respect to prelims point of view and also try to know about the remaining island disputes that are predominantly present in the Pacific Ocean for example you are a Shinkokor, Daewoo islands between Japan and China and also the South China Sea dispute with different islands between different countries in that present in that particular South China Sea and between China so try to have an idea about this so let's move on to our next problem stopping the open market operations so this largely focuses on the liquid liquidity deficit so you need to know what is liquidity and what is liquidity deficit so liquidity is nothing but the liquid money or nothing but the cash so the the banks have to maintain certain amount of cash in their particular bank for smoother operations so when this particular cash is not available this will lead to liquidity deficit so when you are studying about liquidity deficit just know about the liquidity deficit and the open market operations in order to combat this liquidity deficit and some other terms cash reserve ratio and statutory liquidity ratio so the recent news in the Hindu editorial was can open market operations easily tight liquidity conditions so the Indian Central Bank or the Reserve Bank of India is known for is very stricter liquidity market because it wants to have a control on the liquidity so that the banking system is very stable but we we face like a very temporary problems with respect to liquidity so whenever there is a problem in liquidity the banks will go for open market operations so we'll be studying what is open market operations so the open market operations is nothing but the sale and purchase of securities bills and bonds of the government as well as the private financial institutions by the central government bank either the Reserve Bank of India can sell it or purchase it if the Reserve Bank of India sells these government securities then the RBI balance will increase because it is selling a bond it will receive money towards the bond which it has sold so the balance of the RBI will increase it is the other ways the case is otherwise when the RBI is purchasing this government securities so the money will with the banks will increase and also with the public will increase because RBI is giving its money to purchase the government security now those banks will be having enough cash to have a day-to-day operations so this way open market operations will ease the liquidity conditions so you have known about the open market operation so just before September there were very few open market operations but within September to December of 2018 there has been a lot of open market operations so the author has given the three factors for this particular liquidity deficit search so there was a surge in the liquidity deficit hence the government went for open market operations so what are the three factors for that particular liquidity deficit so just first thing is the growth in the bank credit but not in the bank deposits so the bank with whatever money it has is just giving away in the form of loans to its customers but the deposits are not increasing at the same time so the amount of money that is present with the bank is not sufficient to meet its day-to-day operations so this is one factor second thing is growth in the currency circulation has increased so the currency circulation in the open market amongst the common public has increased but this particular money has to be deposited in the bank for the banks to perform smoothly so this is the second factor for the liquidity deficit and third thing is with respect to RBA so the RBA drew this foreign exchange reserves in order to smoothen the exchange rate volatility so the money with the banks was a pretty much less so these are the three factors for the liquidity deficit search and in order to combat this liquidity deficit search the government has gone for the open market operations but only a lesser amount of money was being able to be collected by the RBA with the help of open market operations but there are some other ways through which this liquidity deficit can be combated by relaxing the CRR ratio the cash reserve ratio or the statutory liquidity ratio so in very simple terms the cash reserve ratio is nothing but the amount of liquid cash of a particular bank that is being deposited with the central bank or the RBA so that is the cash reserve ratio as of now it is fixed at four percentage for all the commercial banks and the statutory liquidity ratio is nothing but the amount of liquid cash to the overall cash that a bank maintains that has to be maintained within the bank so this is with RBA this is within the same bank so the SLR ratio as determined by RBA is 19.5 percentage as of now so with prelims point of view just try to know what are the present rates of CRR and CLR and what are the different methods through which this particular liquid deficit can be combated so first thing is the open market operations second thing is CRR SLR or also your liquid adjustment facility so this is all you need to know about liquidity deficit and open market operations from prelims point of view let's move on to our main topic of today the important bills that have been passed in the winter session of the parliament so the first thing first bill that will be discussing is the amendment to the ADAR and the other acts bill of 2018 and second thing is the Muslim women protection bill all the triple talak bill of 2018 and third thing is the amendments made to the Indian Medical Council Act of 1956 which is nothing but the amendment bill of 2018 so the first bill is the ADAR and other laws amendment bill so it has amended the other bill of 2016 and also the Indian Telegraph Act of 1885 and prevention of the money laundering act of 2002 so three acts have been amended so there are some points that you need to know with respect to the amendment to this other bill first thing is provision of a 12 digit ADAR number to consider the actual ADAR number of the individual so everybody were in unison that the other number of the particular individual should not be known open to the public and it can be easily concealed with a 12 digit ADAR number so just remember if it is a 12 digit or 16 digit or so so it is a 12 digit ADAR number so this you can expect in terms second thing is the private entities cannot use other for mandatory verification if you see the mobile companies in order to purchase this sim cards they made other mandatory so hereafter it is not mandatory and next thing is to provide for voluntary use of other number in physical or electronic form by authentication or offline verification or by any other mode so it has become voluntary it is not compulsory and next thing is the authentication of offline verification of other number can be performed only with the informed consent of the other number older so the consent of the particular other number older is very much required if you see in the year 2018 there was a problem's question as with regarding to other which asked if it is a proof of citizenship but it is not a proof of citizenship it is a proof of identity and this sharing of information is voluntary so in this way you can remember for problems point of view next thing is the prevention of denial of services for refusing to or being unable to undergo authentication which means if a particular other holder is not willing to share his other information then he cannot be denied of any services so it is not permissible under this particular amendment act and next thing is permitting the entities performing authentication only when they are compliant with the standards of privacy and security as specified by this authority and it has also laid down the procedure for the offline verification of other number where we saw was that the informed consent is required and in that particular consent they and in that particular message they should tell that for what reason they are going to verify offline this particular other number etc. and it has also come up with the establishment of unique identification authority of India for UIDA iPhone and to allow the use of other number for authentication on voluntary basis as acceptable KYC document by amending the this Indian Telegraph Act of 1885 and the prevention of money laundering act of 2002 by the banks and by the telegraph companies so this is all about the amendments that have been made to the other act of 2016 and next thing is the triple talak bill so we discussed in one of my previous classes about the bills that have to be introduced in the parliament and the bill that was introduced in the parliament has been accepted as such in the Lok Sabha and now it is now pending in Rajesh Shabha in order to be passed by the Rajesh Shabha but the Rajesh Shabha is like pushing it forward to be sent to a joint selection committee in order to scrutinize this particular bill if you see in case of other it was a money bill even if Rajesh Shabha sends some amendments or suggestions to that particular money bill it can be refused or it can be accepted by the Lok Sabha so that is deemed as passed but in this case it means the majority of Rajesh Shabha to be passed as of now it is being passed only by the Lok Sabha so it calls so it has repealed the Muslim women protection of rights and marriage ordinance of 2018 so it has told that this triple talak where this particular bill is very famously called as a triple talak bill so triple talak is a practice among the Muslim men to just tell it by words or any forms of messages if they tell talak triple times then that particular marriage or a contact of marriage is considered to be over so this particular talak has been called void and illegal in any form even if the particular individual sends a message shares a message in a physical form or in electronic form it is considered illegal and the punishment for pronouncing talak the imprisonment is up to three years or a fine and it also calls for a subsistence allowance prior to this particular bill was passed to whom so ever this talak has been pronounced so they are eligible for a subsistence allowance as determined by the magistrate and next thing is the custody of the minor children between the children of those couples where talak has been pronounced so this particular custody is entitled only with the married women post the talak and talak has been recognized as a cognizable and a compoundable offense so these are the important or the silent features of the triple talak bill so the next thing is the Indian Medical Council Amendment Bill of 2018 so it has amended the Indian Medical Council Bill of 1956 so the central government wanted to entirely replace this particular Indian Medical Council Bill of 1956 with this National Medical Commission Bill of 2017 but it is still pending in Lok Sabha to be passed so as of now they have made some temporary changes towards the administration of this Medical Council of India so the existing Medical Council of India whatever a board was there has been replaced with the board of governance the administrative board has been replaced with the board of governance and these members of the board are governance initially it was told that the members who have a medical education are only eligible to become the members of this particular board of governance so now they have increased to it can be either medical education members with medical education or with proven administrative capacity or experience so it is not just the technical person even an administrative person can be a member of the board of governance to this Medical Council of India and before it was the condition was like the council has been constituted once in three years but now it has been revised to once in a year within a period of one year and the board of governance will be assisted by a secretary general so he will be appointed by the central government or a deputation or contract basis and he shall be the head of the secretariat of the particular Medical Council so this is all about the Indian Medical Council Amendment Bill of 2018 that you need to know from mains preparation point of view just largely focus on the other amendment bill and the triple talak bill so with this we are winding up our today's topics of the day please do like comment and share the video and please subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy channel for latest videos and updates stay focused and motivated friends thank you