 Two-dimensional, 2D, transition metal oxides and calcogenides, TMO and CS, have gained increasing interest in recent years due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties. These properties make them ideal candidates for use in photocatalysis, where they can be used to convert solar energy into useful products such as hydrogen or oxygen. In this review, we discussed the synthesis methods and applications of 2D TMO and C-based photocatalysts, focusing on strategies to enhance light absorption and charge separation. We also highlight potential future directions for research in this field. This article was authored by Farjana Haq, Torban Dinik, Kaurash Kalantarzada, and others.