 The study identified a gene pair, Cyubc32 and SGD1, which regulates grain yield in Cetaria Italica. This gene pair is conserved across three major cereal crops, wheat, maize, and rice. It was found that overexpressing this gene pair increased grain yield by 12.8%. Additionally, the study showed that SGD1 ubiquitinates the Brassin-Osteroid Receptor BRI1, which stabilizes it and promotes protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, stress responses, photosystem stabilization, and nitrogen metabolism. These findings suggest that the Cyubc32-SGD1-BRI1 genetic module plays a critical role in regulating grain yield in Cetaria Italica and other posi crops. This article was authored by Xiaotang, Jianjiao, Xiaotong Liu, and others.