 I think in communicating to the public about climate, it's almost impossible to simplify things too much. It's helpful to come up with analogies. Use metaphors which have really a common basis. So I understand them, but the audience understands them. Find ways to communicate concepts which will cross that bridge to the public. I have had fun explaining Milankovic cycles with me. This is the globe and here's the North Pole and don't ask where the South Pole is and then let's do some things there. What glaciers do is they act as sponges basically. So in the winter they hold that snow that falls and then they release that snow in the dry time of the year, which is typically the summer. Yeah, Usain Bolt goes and runs at 9.2 in the 100 meters and everybody just goes, this has got to be down to performance announcing drugs. Then he goes back and runs a day later and gets another 9.2 and everybody's convinced. And Andy was talking about extremes in climate and that's still a question and said, we couldn't get these extremes without the world having had the world's got its own performance in announcing drugging in carbon dioxide and it was a great line. We're kind of in a situation where the doctor told us quite a while ago that we had this condition and then we started to develop symptoms and then we started questioning the doctor. And now we do a lot of asking, well, is this pain in my toe? Is that my cancer or is that my Ebola that you say I have? And these are not the right questions to be asking. The question you should be asking is, what's the prognosis of this disease based on what we know? The rates of biodiversity loss are going to go down eventually because you'll lose the easy things that go first. It's like being burgled several times, the first time you lose your computers and your iPhone or for the next time, it's other stuff. And by the time they've been there, you've had three rounds of extinction. You're only seeing the things that nobody wants, the things that are very hard to get rid of, hard to move. Glaciers are kind of like an insurance policy. They accumulate snow during wet seasons and wet periods and then they melt and release that during droughts and dry seasons, but they're getting smaller so their ability to do that becomes less and less. It's the way that the climate models work is that they divide the world up into a series of boxes. So it's very like Lego, if you like. So you can imagine sort of building up Lego and each one of those Lego blocks represents perhaps a box in which the climate model has a value for temperature. It has a value for the amount of air or water within that box. It has a value for how fast the air or water within that box is moving and how much moisture is contained within it if it's the atmosphere. So you can imagine you've got sort of this matrix, if you like, surrounding the world of these boxes that go up in the atmosphere, down in the ocean. The ice shell works a little bit like, if you have a cork in a bottle of champagne, you know, it's like stopping the champagne. You break the ice shelf and the champagne comes out. And so the glacier has been observed to once the ice shelf, you know, collapse and it breaks up in pieces. They have been observed flowing faster in the ocean. Basically a model is like if you would construct your world out of little Lego blocks and it's basically the size of the Lego blocks. So you can buy really expensive Lego Star Wars ship. My son has those. They are very big. Expensive takes a poor parent's two days to build them and they have lots of detail. Or you can buy a little car for three-year-old, which doesn't have that much detail, but it's made out of big, big blocks. There's probably no parts of a climate model, of a modern climate model that still reflects what was done in the 70s. Almost everything's been rebuilt or rewritten, I think. It's like asking what's the relationship between a Formula One Grand Prix car in 2014 compared to 1970? And the answer is there probably isn't a single widget that's shared. You know, one year maybe one glacier or one continent has a good year, but overall globally, glacier mass balance is declining. And yeah, I just don't think we, for most of my students, you know, they weren't even alive the last time glaciers had a good year, a positive balance. And so there is no business that we would consider operational at that point. It would be bankrupt. And in this case, you know, we have huge reserves in terms of ice, you know, a huge bank reserves in terms of a company so that, you know, they can survive, but it's not a business model that's going to work. We arrive and we say, you know, climate is changing. It would be some impact. It can be difficult. We'll have to cope with it, you know. As Churchill was saying, you know, I promise you the blood and guts, you know, or something like that. And they arrive and they say, well, don't worry. Everything was going to be fine. All these scientists are crazy. There is nothing occurring or it is natural. Everything gets back to normal at some point. Who do you want to listen? The guy with the sugar in the hand or the guy with the lemon, you know? Climate scientists are almost like physicians of the planet. So if you went to the doctor and you said, well, I have some troubling symptoms and the doctor did a scan of your body and found something wrong, imagine if the doctor didn't tell you. If the doctor said, well, I don't want to tell this person that they have an incipient brain tumor because they wouldn't be very happy with me. They would probably accuse me of being in pay of the big pharmaceutical companies trying to make money off their illness. So I'm not going to tell them. Of course that's ridiculous. The doctor has to tell somebody if there's something wrong and the patient does not respond by saying, oh, well, you're in the pay of big pharmaceutical companies. They respond by saying, thank you, what can I do? Give me advice. So in the same way, we are the ones, climate scientists, who have done that scan of the planet. We have seen that the planet is running a fever. We have determined why it is running a fever. And we have looked at all the other many symptoms around the world that are resulting from this increase in temperature.