 Highlights the state-of-the-art development in electrochemical H2O2 production via the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction is reviewed with emphasis on material science, reaction mechanisms, and fundamental factors that govern the reaction route. General principles and strategies for catalyst design are summarized to understand the inherent relationships between the catalyst properties and electrocatalytic performances. Perspectives and challenges are presented to get insights into the large-scale manufacturing of H2O2 via the electrochemical routes. This article was authored by Yu Hui-Tian, Dai Jia-Deng, Li Su, and others.