 Properties of Alchi YouTube presents of YouTube presents of YouTube presents of YouTube presents of Alchi undergoes Addition reaction It can show Electrophilic addition Nucleophilic addition It can show Electrophilic addition Nucleophilic addition Freradical addition reaction Addition and Freradical addition reaction So generally you see we have Carbon-carbon double bond And when it reacts with any compound Say it makes a Y It converts Okay General reaction is this We have some electrophilic addition In general this is about the reaction process We will discuss one by one Now if I talk about Whether this reaction is exothermic or endothermic What is the answer? Exo Exo or endothermic reaction? Exo Yeah, yeah Why exothermic? Because it is A single bond because it is Weak But we are making two Yeah I will give you the most statement So it would like forward reaction Thank you See this reaction is This reaction is Exothermic in nature So delta H less than 0 more Why exothermic? Because in the Reactive one sigma And one pi One pi converts into Two sigma in the product Two sigma bond Sigma bond is a stronger bond Releases more energy Bond formation is an energy Releasing process Sigma 2 This is pi bond big So we are coming that Sigma over there They have one more product here But this sigma and one more product here One more sigma bond here Other product it is a general reaction Right, we will see one by one And then we will see all the products This is the way the reaction proceeds So this kind of reaction is Exothermic, what about the change In entropy, delta S? It doesn't proceed With the forward reaction Because you said IKNs are Not reactive Entropy Decreases Because two molecules Is converting into one Number of molecules is decreasing Entropy is also decreasing So what is the condition of temperature Delta G is equals to Delta H minus E delta S So at low temperature Or high temperature, the reaction is spontaneous Low or high temperature Sir, but then X Y needn't be a gas No, no Low temperature Yes, I can say that But Sir, then how can you No, no, no Even once we start also We have some property No, no, no, no It's minus negative So it will become positive if it's high Delta is negative Yes This is negative This is negative Positive What is the condition we have The modulus of delta S should be more than the modulus of Delta S And for this, we need to decrease the Temperature So this kind of reaction, additional reaction Is visible at low temperature Condition of this reaction But there are many additional reactions We have the first one we write down Addition of hydrogen Catalytic hydrogenation If you remember, we have discussed This reaction Catalytic hydrogenation So 70 or 70 Sentence reaction Preparation of alkane Sink addition Write down the first reaction Addition of Addition of hydrogen Alkene on reaction with hydrogen Alkene on reaction with Hydrogen In presence of a catalyst In presence of a catalyst Like nickel, platinum, palladium Like nickel, platinum, palladium Forms alkene Addition of hydrogen Is sin addition S Y N Sin addition Sin addition One more catalyst we use here And that we call it as Wilkinson catalyst Wilkinson catalyst is We have rohedium And with this, we have tried We have asked some Which one is the Roedium That is an R H Yeah, you said R H O D I U M R H O D I U M What is this one? Roedium Roedium Roedium It is Roedium dry phenylpocene chloride. This catalyst we call it as Wilkinson's catalyst, rhodium triphenylpocene chloride. This is a complex compound. Pocene chloride. For this hydrogenation only, we use different catalysts for platinum, palladium, nickel, H2, right? So we can also use these catalysts. So they ask you this thing, what is Wilkinson's catalyst? So is it still called sabbatels and the reaction like this? That is called this nickel, platinum, palladium. So now, phosphine is this P bonded to some phosphorous bond. No, the phosphine is VHC, because it is phosphine. Now, this hydrogen is replaced by phenyl, triphenylphosphate. Let's try it out. Addition of halogen. Sir, but phosphorous can form, no? Phosphorous has to make it deorbitant. So shouldn't there be something like tri-triphenylphosphine, which is the P of those? What? The name is rhodium triphenylphosphine chloride. But shouldn't there be something indicating that? Not tri, it is tris. We use tris for that. Tris, rhodium tris, triphenylphosphine chloride. Tris, triphenylphosphine chloride. Sir, what does tris indicate? Tris indicates that tri-triphenylphosphine chloride. See, when the name contains already diatriatum, then we don't use again diatriate to, you know, write down the name. So, sir, there was two in same case. Not this. This, this, this, this, this, this tetra case, beta case. Tetra case, tetra case. Not this tetra case. Not double as single as. Tetra, why not just tetris? Tetris. So, it's like a business. So, it's, anyway, we'll discuss those in, it's a complex conform. So, you'll name just one more, right? Yes. And we have, again, what is also, we are like, coming in to do certain rules for this. So, don't focus on the name of this, we'll discuss those things better in quotation marks. Okay. Now, next point to write down. Addition of halogen. Addition of halogen. Alkene reacts with, alkene reacts with halogen and forms, halogens and forms 1,2 and forms 1,2 dihalogenated product. Dihalogenated alkene. 1,2 dihalogenated. One more to write down. Fluorine and iodine. Fluorine and iodine are not used as reagents for this. And it's mainly, this reaction is called fluorination and bromination. Reaction with fluorine is highly exothermic and explosive. Okay. Now, iodine, it is thermodynamically not favorable. So, for fluorination is not possible. Why? Because fluorination is highly exothermic. Fluorination. F. It's highly exothermic and explosive in nature. Difficult to control. So, it's not, we don't do fluorination for this. Iodination is thermodynamically unfavorable. Okay. Not reversible. Reversible is equilibrium. Thermodynamic means energy is very high over there. And it has tendency to go towards lesser energy state. Okay. Astidine and tenacy, we never talk about those. Astidine and tenacy, the last one. We don't talk about them. We have less information for them. Radioactive, we talk about everything. Okay. Next slide. Next slide. Okay, you see here the reaction of LE with bromine. In this reaction, there is no calcolatine formation. We'll get an intermediate here. That is cyclic-halonium ion. The intermediate we call it as cyclic-halonium ion. And the intermediate is this. You see single bond C, delta positive. This is... Pozoalysis is this. Pozoalysis is this. Pozoalysis is this. Pozoalysis is this. Pozoalysis is this. Pozoalysis is this. We don't even know the... Pozoalysis is this. Pozoalysis is this. This we call it as cyclic-halonium ion. Cyclic-bromonium ion. It's in cyclic compounds. There is no... You see there is no calcolatine formation. It's in cyclic intermediate. And no rearrangement of calcolatine also. Okay. Sir, is this only specific to ET? No, I'm just giving you this general example. This is open right. Try the last one. Last step what happens is Br- Attacks any one of this carbon atom. And this one opens. Suppose if it attacks over here. This goes up. And it forms CBr. CBr. Visinyl-tycholine compounds. Visinyl-tycholine compounds. Visinyl-tycholine compounds. Visinyl-tycholine compounds. Visinyl-tycholine compounds. So this is anti-aluminium ion. Is that anti-aluminium ion? That depends upon alkene. I'm coming to that. So write down this. That depends upon alkene. Okay, now you see. Suppose you have cis-alkene. Plus Br2. So in this what happens, you'll get a cyclic-bromonium ion as an intermediate. Last step Br- will attack on any one of this carbon atom. Okay. So it can attack on this carbon also. And this can attack on this carbon. Suppose this is path A and B. Probability is equal for both kind of attack. DLB. So the product here we get, we'll get two product here. This is the fissured form of this. Br. Br. Bench. CS3. And CS3. Both product forms equally. And this one. Okay. Now when you look at these two products, these are enantiomers of each other. Yes or no? Yes. Non-superimposible, very mixed enantiomers. Okay. And we are attached from the opposite side. You see both are opposites. Attached from the opposite side. So this is the opposites. It's the opposites in it. I think so. I think so. Can say. Thank you. Another thing is what? When Br is on the opposite side, this we call it as p-o isomers. Opposite side p-o. If both Br are on the same side, it will get thrown. That's the term. E-R-Y-T-H-R-D-O. I'll just give you that. What's your answer? Right. This is less than 2. Thank you. So if B is on the opposite side. Yes. Do you want a different side? I don't know. Okay. So if B is on the opposite side. Yes. Okay. We are on the different side. I don't know. Yes. E-R-Y-T-H-R-D-O. I'll just give you that. Well, right on time. E-R-Y-T-H-R-D-O. Yes. We are in opposite, it is trans, we are taking trans alkene here to the product on this reaction This is similar way, you can just, is that the product we get? What are these compounds? If I write down this side, we are, we are. These are enantiomers, what is enantiomers? They are non-superimposable, so what is these two? They are enantiomers and they are non-superimposable also, is it? Abhiram, what is this? They are identical. And one more term we use for this kind of compound. Miso, why it is Miso? And what we call it as? What compensation? There is one more term for this. Optically active or inactive? Optically active or inactive? Check. It is very simple, first of all, Miso compound is optical inactive. Why it is inactive? Because there is a plane of symmetry. And plane of symmetry present within the molecule, so it is inactive due to internal components. So this is Miso compound we get. Now what you have to keep in mind, that whenever you get cis alkene, it will get enantiomers. Whenever you get trans, you get Miso compound. And if you don't remember, then remember this. For this you remember this. Cat and for this you remember this. Cis addition pio compound, pio means identical group opposite side. Trans addition erythro, these are erythro compounds. E, R, Y, E, H, R, O, erythro. E, R, Y, E, H, R, O, erythro. They are same group. Because this identical group are on the same side of the car. That's the definition of it. Opposite side it is 3. It is not M dot not talking about the pair of this compound. Only this compound, this is for same. Whether the attack of Br minus from this side or this side, you will get this compound. So cat and te, you must remember this addition pio, trans addition erythro.