 society at large. They say that if your communication, simplicity, or lowering the language itself is not enough, but the communication creates its own niche, it creates more impression. How do you communicate? How do you move forward in society? These would be the certain aspects where Mr. Vasant preferred them was who is a today's resource person and who has been taking sessions in Pan Bangalore as well as in Karnataka. In respect of English, more emphasis if he can make me stand corrected. As far as the persons who are studying for the judicial exams, APP law students as such. But effective English communications, we are not skills, we are not restricted to the students of law as such or those who are preparing for the judiciary. Because any effective communication means if one has learnt would always be a flip to his career, to his personality and to his overall grooming as such. I hope everyone is safe and as you always speak on our webinar, kindly keep on maintaining social distancing, keep on wearing masks and do your vaccination. We all know that Australia was considered likely as a COVID-free country, but you know that yesterday there were two cases and they have spiked to seven days and in Melbourne, they have also gone for a lockdown. So if a country like which is more like an island is going for it, so we shouldn't take chances, we should be taking all preventive and preemptive measures to protect ourselves. Without taking much time, I would request Mr. Vasant to take things forward. Over to you, Mr. Vasant. Okay. Thank you very much. My lurid friend, facilitator of this day's webinar, Sribikash and all the revered participants. Today, I feel it is a homecoming for me as having served in India Air Force for 20 long years, I have worked in the belt of North India, that is Delhi, Haryana, more specifically Manesar, Adampur and Lalada. So to speak to the people centered and out of Chandigarh connecting through this webinar, I feel it homecoming and I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. Vasant for this. Today, we are learning about English under the title Effective English Communication Skills. When we look at the title, I feel we all are very much familiar with the three words of this title that is effective communication and skills. What I would like to stress upon or to start with is the English. Why English only? Why English alone? We have got so many languages in India. We have got so many foreign languages, good as or better than English. When we go through this and ask a basic question as to why we should pay our attention or even to go behind English when so much of choices are available to us. It is a simple fact that we are more familiar to English than all other foreign languages in which equal amount of study material for the higher studies is available. It is as simple as that because to frame a career in life, we have to have a tool. Language forms the biggest tool when we pursue our career, when we pursue our higher studies or any specialization for that matter. So, as I told you, having ruled by the Britishers, even though it is a mistake, but having ruled by our British people for 200 long years, we are more familiar with this language. But unfortunately, even today, why are we conducting or why are we, let us be very frank, why are we hesitating to speak in English? Why are we in a learning mode as far as the English language is concerned? Why so much of coaching centers? Why so much of advertisements are seen only for the sake of English as a language? It is because even though we accepted the trousers of British, we accepted the toothbrush and paste of British in place of Datu. Otherwise, where our culture is the Dhoti, we accepted trousers, we accepted, you know, paste and brushes for the early morning work instead of Datu. But unfortunately, we started hating English language as a protest against the reign of British over India. I really don't know the reason, but from the beginning, you all might have experienced like me that we have grown up listening to one or two famous sentences. Why? When I wore trousers in front of my grandfather, he never objected. Having accepted all those, just see, we have got very good designs in trousers, very good stock of cloth for trousers. But this is not a case with English. In English, we somewhere limp, we feel hitched, we feel glittery. Soon we listen English. So, the very basic idea is to accept English as we have accepted trousers and toothbrushes and whatnot from British people. Just by accepting a language, we are not going to leave our culture. We need not to worry that we will be converted to Christianity just by learning English. If it is required, it is required. And now if you say, no, no, no, no, let us go back to Sanskrit. It will not be a wise decision. English, we have to accept that it is a compulsion even today. And after all, what is language? What is language after all? Language is just a tool. Language is just a tool. As you use a proper screwdriver, if it is a Phillips screw head, you use a Phillips screwdriver. If it is a flat head, you use a flat screwdriver. It is a tool. You never say, I will use only flat even though the head is Phillips. There is a Phillips head nowadays. So, we keep at both a Phillips screwdriver. So also, so natural, so compulsion is English. It is required. Go to any stream, any faculty, any discipline. The higher studies, the pinnacle can be reached only with a ladder called English. So, first of all, we have to accept that English is a compulsory thing. We have to have it at all costs. There is a very sweet maxim in English that we do not understand the thing because we hate it. And we hate it because we do not understand it. So, to break this we see a struggle. What can we do is just start loving. If I am feeling difficulty in English, do nothing but loving for what it is and ask how it is. I don't say English is a very scientific language. You know, it is a very scientifically corrected or a proven language. No, I am advocating for that. But it is a requirement, love it. If you want it, you love it. Then the automatically the things will roll on. Unless you love the things, you can't get them properly. That's what the maximum said and that's what the truth is. So, before starting or getting into the depth of this subject, let us accept it that there is no alternate to English and we have to love it. Then only we can progress in that particular language. Now, if you want to make even English more effective, then as I told you, it's a tool. It's a tool. So, why you want to make it more effective is the second question. As I told you, it has to be utilized wisely as it was utilized 200 years or 150 years back in 1893 by Swami Vivekananda, a monk from a village in Dakshineshwar. How profitably he used this in the interest of Hinduism and in the interest of mankind as a whole. We all know his lecture and Chicago. We all remember that. I keep a benchmark of that lecture as an effective lecture. For any effectiveness, keep that one. And very wise use of a tool, keep Swami Vivekananda. He was a Bengali. He wanted to teach Hinduism. His Guru was Ramakrishna Paramahosa who never, never came near English. In one place, he himself tells that till date my Guru, Ramakrishna, doesn't know how to pronounce tension. He still asks his followers to bring his pencil from then. But how wisely he used this tool. He used this English tool, the language English, and fetched a lot of money from UK and US and brought home huge amount of money and built a temple of Hinduism which stands firm till date. You all know? What I mean to say by giving you this analogy is that by wisely using a tool, by effectively using a tool which is natural for us, which is easy for us. If I say now there is a lot of scope for a Japanese, let us know Japanese or German. It becomes so unnatural, sounds so unnatural. We have been ruled by them for 200 years. We had heard that language. My grandfathers or forefathers might have heard that language. They themselves opened the schools of English medium in India. No matter what their intention or very, very cruel intentions they had. But English was there. The wisdom should have been with us to utilize that language to stand against them firmly. But unfortunately, we made a blunder of hating that language and losing grip over that language. Now at this juncture also, we have to undergo or we have to have a talk or course, undergo a course regarding the effectiveness of that language. Had it not been there, had we accepted that language as ours and tried hard to learn it as a tool, as a medium, then we would have had a very nice atmosphere and had grown up in terms of our economy also. Anyway, it is never late as told. English or for that matter any language is just a tool or a medium. What medium? Medium of communication. We have got a pen to write, mobile to talk. We have got English to learn, to communicate. What do you mean by communication? Can communication happen only in English? No. What I mean by communication is this. Communication is not a monologue. It is not a one-way business. It is a dialogue. Die stands for to die. Die stands for to dialogue. It is a two-way business means we read, we write, we listen to lectures to collect the knowledge and we speak. We write to express ourselves. So, for this, the tool has to be very sharp. The medium has to be flawless. Just take for example, very recently we were on copper. Till date, there is a medium for communication copper. The telephone communication or any other network. Whereas we opt for fiber. Why? The losses are less. So, also a medium can be sharpened the mistakes of that medium. If we are able to reduce the mistakes in a particular medium or a particular language, we become naturally effective. So, we have to concentrate and accept that for communication we have to have a sharp tool. We have to have a right tool. As the title says, effective communication. When we say effective communication, the word effective or its sister world icon, efficiency are the words of managerial dictionary. A firm uses its tool in the form of manager and they want them to be effective and efficient. A manager is called efficient when the manager does the thing in a right way. He is called efficient manager. When a manager has to be called as effective, he has to do the right things. That is the difference between effective and efficiency. Effectiveness is this. We have to do it in a right way is efficiency. We have to do the right things. Means everything has to be right. The selection of the work itself has to be right. Then if I extend the same definition to today's lecture, today's topic, how can I make my language effective? If you want to make your language effective, you should have a right language. What is right language then? Right language is right in all aspects of the language, in all ingredients of the language. If a language is only a tool, what do you mean when I say I know a language? What do you know? When I say I know a language, even my mother tongue, I know the words in that language. I know the words for each and every invisible things, situations, emotions. I know the words for that. The words, they are different forms. I know the words how it is pronounced. So when I say I know the words, I have to have all these knowledge about the words. The first thing is the word. Then if I say I know the language, the second ingredient of the language is the grammar. This is where the hitch is. This is where the hitch is. Sooner or later the word grammar, some modern people, I don't blame them. I don't blame them. But the modern people live there, I grow. Grammar. In my view, grammar is the law of language. Is that simple as that? And it is as must as that. As even I can't go out on a road with say my bicycle or say my two wheeler, if I don't know the traffic rules, even though I am 55 years of age, I can't go without knowing the traffic rules. So also, you can't go into a language without knowing its grammar. Grammar as simple as this. It is a rule of language. It is a must for every language learner. Nowadays, there is a discard. I don't know, but people discourage. They are allergic to the very word called grammar. And I have seen, I have listened to them. They talk very good grammatically correct language, correct English. So, what I came to the conclusion is they are hating or discarding the word grammar, not the issue of grammar. They too have learned, but they want a different bottle with different wrappers. I don't have any objection, but I name it as grammar. I don't know what they name it or how they are going to impart the knowledge of grammar. But grammar is the most important and unavoidable ingredient of a language. You learn it in any form under any title or heading. Learn the grammar of a particular language. Then only you can be a master. Then only you can be right. Then only you can be effective. One more specialty of grammar is it puts the person who speaks a particular language say, if I know English grammar, I am at far with the person in the remotest village of Great Britain or the person in the remotest village of my own nation. It brings me on the same platform. It is only the grammar. So I always say that grammar is the thread of a garland and words are the flower of that. If words are the flowers, grammar is the thread of that. You can't have a garland without a thread. This thread remains common throughout the garland. As I told you throughout the English speaking people and how much of grammar you should know? That's the second question. How much of words you should have? Shades your youth around 20,000 words in all including all his works in his lifetime around 20,000. 800 words are required for day to day life. As for advocates are concerned, my experience is this area of contact. Our field is so vast that we require the words from all the fields of this society. So there is no end to it otherwise also. But for an advocate, you should have a glossary. You should have a collection of words from all fields, all walks of life. Then how much of grammar you should know and why? Simple thing in simple words is this. If I want to understand properly, the Hindu law written by Mr. Mulla, I should know the grammar as much as Mr. Mulla knows because he has expressed all his views. He has put all his expressions, explanations based on the grammar, based on the level of grammar he knows. Unless we are at that level, we will not be able to digest his explanations. There we find that. So what I mean that what I want to emphasize is grammar is that much of important to any language of that and English has got additional difficulties or challenges. Definitely. And the challenges are self-cooked challenges. I take the blame. Self-cooked challenges. My mother tongue, I feel so comfortable because I have been corrected from my childhood by my elders when I was practically. Day in and day out, every moment I have been corrected and they have corrected me for words. They have corrected me for grammar. Look back in your childhood. Even though even today you can see a child speaking at your home and you correct it. And nobody, neither created a cross here for me to speak in English nor taken the pain to correct me from my childhood. And left free into the market. Now I am feeling the pink chopping and child is a natural learner because it doesn't have an ego. Whereas a grown-up person has all his limitations. And you know, very difficult to learn a language. He feels so. It is a natural person. At the age of nine, the psychologist and the educationist pay a child can learn five languages. Anyway, that may be the past for us. Let us proceed. We can utilize this definitely for our children. Let our children not say blame coming after to my age and say my parents did not correct me and expose me to English. Please expose them. Please expose them. I have seen a sick person, sick, S-I-K, sick, Sardarji in Bangalore who speaks very fluently in Kannada better than the or as good as the native Kannada. He is still a sick. He is still a Sardarji. By speaking Kannada, by speaking a particular language, you are not going to lose your culture. He has all the good qualities of a Sardarji, pure Punjabi, but he speaks fluently Kannada. So, please bear it in mind that we have to have a very good control over the grammar. In the course of time, I shall give you some examples where we go wrong in grammar and words. As I told you, English has got its own difficulty. Then comes the style, the third ingredient of a language. First was words, second was grammar and the third is the style of it. Every speaker has or every English knower has got its own style. Every writer, you can say, has his own style. Style is a matter of building things. It is not a capsule that it is given to you, swallow it and tomorrow you become as good as an ex-teacher. But I can give an example. We all have played cricket in our youth, in our childhood. We watched TV. We watched Sachin Tendulkar playing Kapil Dev playing, Gavaskar playing and we tried to hit the ball in the same way when I got or you got the batting. Was it the same way as Tendulkar? Was it as good as Gavaskar? No. But the ball went out of the boundary line. I scored four lines, four runs. It means by reading more and more varieties of writers, by listening to more and more lectures and we have got a very good opportunity being in a legal fraternity that day in and day out we listen, we write. We read by reading varieties of people, by listening varieties of people and trying just by listening or reading will not be able to do anything. But by trying it out we will have our own style and it will be correct also. So the next thing is this. Style has to be inculcated. Style has to be developed by these methods what I told you. By developing most of the times there is a threat that we may go wrong because most of the times we imitate. For example, or I can go back and bring you the difficulties of the language itself as I discussed all these words, grammar and all. I can give you some examples. Say the English words because we feel like that and I shall express you also like this. A language which I know say mother tongue will have a very big impact on my mother tongue and its culture will have a very big effect on the new language what I learned. I have been taught from the childhood that I should not leave a single letter. I should pronounce it. I should write it as I pronounce it. If I write it, I have to spell it also, pronounce it also properly, without missing or swallowing or skimming and at the same time the English people or the English language they have got all varieties of these all silenced skims. There will be a silent yell anywhere in the English word. How to pronounce W-A-L-K as what? I can't say what. This is just opposite to my mother tongue. All Indian languages are similar in this aspect. I can't say castle. I have to write castle and pronounce it as castle. This is the difficulty in learning and once you know there is a difficulty you have to work on it. And the problem is there is no set rules where we have to leave that L, where we have to leave that T. There is no set rule. I have to refer to the dictionary for each and every word for that matter or I have to admit it as most of us do. I pronounce as my teacher pronounced. Even our dictionaries had only synonyms and the meanings in my mother tongue. But the advanced dictionaries give you this the details of the pronunciation and they are also not easy. Even very lately we at our you know say shame we learn many things even today. Chicago we all spell Chicago. No it is Chicago. So it is there it is there as I told you love the language as it is. That's why in the beginning I told you when you love you have to love as it is. So the difficulties will come and they are difficulties are there to overcome. Difficulties not there to leave the ground. Difficulties are there being a soldier. I'm telling you they are there to be overcome. They are there to be defeated. They are to be taken a challenge. Many examples can be quoted like this as for the pronunciation. Even our regional languages some have will have an effect on that when these pronounced as pain. I don't want to name the reason because you know cycle as cycle. That's it. Even I know my daughter struggled a lot. I used to teacher to pronounce ask as ask asked asked and she got it firm in her mind when she went to Bangalore to every posh English medium college St. John's. There people started you know her mates started laughing at her because she was telling I asked whereas they say that ask the cane that asked should be skimmed should be cut. I asked I asked my dad if you say I asked they feel you are somewhere from the up countries. So these are all the hurdles which we face as far as the pronunciation. Very simple. Put is beauty. Cot is not put it is cut. So I can keep on giving these. So the difficulties that we have to work then as far as the grammar is concerned because I will give more time. I plan to give more time to the question and answer session. I want to make it a dialogue but still as far as the construction of the sentence is concerned all the Indian languages they construct the construction fashion as a rule is this that we put the subject first object and then the word. If I know tell it in Hindi or Prada Ram phal kata hai. Ram is the subject. Phal is the object. Khata hai is the verb. If I want to translate it it becomes Ram is a fruit. The rule as I told you it is the rule of language. It differs from language to language as you know as simple as that as my traffic would refer from that of the language. So there it is subject verb and object in English. Ram is fruit. This difficulty hounds us day in and day out to the new learner and the speaker because the translator in our head doesn't move fast rotate fast and live as I just remember a very light thing many things will not be there in English if they are there in your language don't search them as they are in your English also when you would start learning English people who ask you you can translate this in English as it is answer I can tell in English Ram is the first son of but I can't ask the question for this in English but it is there in my native language Indian language so it doesn't bring down the status of English it has but it's one way many things are not there in our language also which are there in English so this comparison has to be avoided once you start learning things all this will move away all this fog will be clear so with this if you want to know make the thing effective what are the things we should do as I told you basically effective means everything should come right there should be right words at right places you should have ample collection of words otherwise we are very poor we show our poverty as far as the words are concerned we say girl is good we say foot is good we say music is good in all languages I'm not telling the English alone so what should be then you should have varieties of the words say words are the coins of any language currency of any language so as many varieties denominations you have as much as you have you are so much rich collect the proper words food should be delicious not good enough good food it is delicious it is tasty music is melodious a girl is smart beautiful a boy is handsome a boy is beautiful not beautiful I told beautiful boy is prompt your worker is prompt prompt is not sincere prompt is the one who works on time so by collecting the varieties of the words proper adjectives and proper words we can have an effective presentation otherwise it becomes monotonous you know throughout you are not spoken even a single new word to the people the lecture becomes monotonous how can you or how can be a person speaker or a person giving a lecture be effective he should have varieties of words shooting to the situations that is number one what can I do for this then while you read while you come across a new word write it down by hearting I am telling you very basic things which cannot be avoided and unfortunately there is no shortcut use it before you lose it should be the mantra use that word in your business and advocates have got their have got you know the I feel always language and advocates are very closely knit they have if I if you allow me to say this sir the legal fraternity has been paid for improving language sharpening their tongue are you not why we go to an advocate who is good at English and get the things drafted from him because a good drafted case is half one a good drafted WS is half one if he can do or she can do why can't I these are all the ways I told you use that word you have got ample opportunity write it down if you want to make that word yours if you want to own that word use it before you lose it because no daily trifles are so much in our life that if you don't use it you lose it second thing we read a legal book we read a story book choose good books choose good authors number one secondly read that book for the sake of language we read a book to know the gist of it if I read a book on electrical technology I read it for the electrical theories no once a while I should read that particular book for the usage of the language by Mr. Mulla how nicely he has put this expression in a sentence how effectively he has put it I can also put it then see effectiveness is not a as I told you not a miracle it is the same words it is the same set of rules he puts it and wins your heart so these are all the things no doubt read the book for the sake of language then we all prepare let it be a lecture let it be a leading let it be a an argument we all prepare if you want to speak in English if your presentation is in English prepare in English think in English what mistake we do is our thought process we talk to ourselves in our own mother tongue we imagine that tomorrow I will present it in English is a mistake think also in English prepare also in English internally talk to yourself as Hussain Bolt told before defeating my opponent actually on the ground I won this race at least 50 times in my mind he has run that race already that's why he could defeat the opponent and run so fast so effective so do this retrospection always talk to yourself always in English then don't miss a chance of presenting in English if you want to make your tool English sharp use it disuse of a tool makes it blunt if I tell you use it how can you as I told you advocates can use advocates how to use advocates bread is only usage of a language use it and effectiveness is not a goal is not a you know like it's not a you put it on a tawa and make an omelette no your second presentation would definitely be better than your first presentation if you are conscious enough to that what I mean to say is it is gained by experience and all these tools are there I'm giving you the clues have a round in your town or city for the English state have a panic you don't think it is written about Ramesh enterprises have you ever noticed why he uses the word enterprises Ramesh enterprise what is the meaning of enterprise it gives a new world to us enterprise is a bold step so Ramesh enterprise is a bold step of Ramesh Ramesh enterprises he has put the bold step forward to succeed he means that simple a tour inside in return we bank upon send to get back what do you mean by bank upon what do you mean by bank endowment policy see the boards ladies tailor has written it properly officers mess officers quarters has written it properly or not you can have a English to you can have a walk also you can have a knowledgeable tool also come back what do you mean by car work these are all the things which are very easy to inculcate from the society itself so with all these things in hand and practicing more and more have a mirror session before you practice or before actually present have a mirror session this is a very good tool or a means of making the things effective how you pronounce how you struggle where you get stuck where you struggle what type of words are not coming handy to you these are all things can be there or you can see all these things when you see yourself in the mirror all these things if practiced properly if taken seriously if you start loving the things that is the basic thing if you start loving the things you will have a very effective language at your hand on your tongue i have seen many very good lectures in this series in the previous days very commanding language they have really they have not got it on the you know served on the plate as an angry advocate they might have struggled like anything as i got to just utter the word they i'll tell you the example where we go wrong and make ourselves a food and there is nothing don't hesitate and that's why i told me a child always child learns better because he doesn't bother about getting food he's not worried about his ego or market value they i have seen a student leader of a college calling somebody on the dias i guess they they are from dharba the dhara vendra was on stage was on stage in his praise the student leader of the president called him they are from dharba they have got the precious the rastra precious thing when he woke up in reply to the felicitation he is basically a english graduate written a lot of books and now he's a workaholic of cannot but he's basically he told you have to polish your language before you talk on the dias they he's not out of respect they is not used on out of respect they is a plural of he she it in numbers here again the culture is at war when i talk to or address somebody elder to me or put higher in position with respect i say new off i will not say to a go i will say way but that's not the case with they they cannot be used like that even i have seen the uh invitation cards approved by very higher ups in the ladder they have agreed to preside open the function because he is the principal of a law college who has taught the person itself who is conducting the program he can't say he has or she has agreed upon it is very you know he feels it uncomfortable that's why he has put they have agreed no wrong he doesn't mean that he's uh disordering him no you can if he's a main a child is he and if he's a prime minister prime minister if the mail also he these are the examples where we go wrong and you know become laughing stock then don't ever be artificial in your presentation either in pronunciation or ever actually i have seen very good speakers indian speakers calling moody or moody our prime minister himself has taken not able prime minister himself has taken a vote that i garyandru damar gajas moody why you want to call somebody as moody moody what is the fun they just want to sound ungrateful no it's not acceptable as far as the names are concerned names are to be spelled out properly i may struggle to pronounce rotrics or goams i may make a mistake they are foreign words but how can i afford to make a mistake calling somebody moody moody no it's not acceptable don't sound artificial it is a wrong thing in learning and presentation both so with all these at the background and having a command and grip over all these things we can have an effective communication in english and these are the skills which are to be developed as i studied the exiles officer put it very nicely you have to groom well you have to dress well you have to hold yourself you know very properly everything you have to have a very good smile on your face that is there these are the external things but internally you should laugh you should prepare you should have a right mindset as far as the presentation is concerned then you can have an effective communication as i told you communication is both ways while reading also you should be very conscious about all these things wordings grammar style presenting also communication part two you should have all these things again words properly placed properly you then grammar should be correct that's the style whatever you have developed over your years so if you permit me because let us go for the question answer session if the time is right yeah before the questions are posted since we are taking the questions meanwhile you can just tell the audience that certain basic tips how to improve the grammar also we have gone for the pronunciation we have done the thing what are the basic tools to improve the grammar also is it audible asking me yeah yeah i'm saying some basic tips how to improve grammar also okay okay right as far as the grammar is concerned when we say we learn grammar from a to z we want to learn grammar from a to z there is no compromise also there is no choice also so in grammar we say it is from parts of speech the figures of speech we all know we have all learned parts of speech but it has to be learned again and the maturity of our age and our experience come handy in learning it in a new way for example as i told you when i say parts of speech it is the name given to a word based on the usage of a word in its sentence i can't say water is a noun i have been taught that water is a noun but being a grown-up person now when i look into the grammar again when i go to the noun and parts of speech again i will say no i have not got water as a noun i will ask you show me the sentence where you have used water why because water can be used as noun as well as word if i say i want water it is noun if i say my grandfather is watering the trees it is a word water itself plays two rules so we have to have a new insight when we go to the grammar again because as i told you our maturity will help us our understanding power has increased from our childhood then i can go on i have got eight parts of speech eight parts as i told you let me come to the one by one let us go in a serial way if i say pronoun i as i told you i have to use the word they properly they is only numbers not our plural they is in numbers only not in respect in terms of respect okay then your he she it will have a lot of difficulties while we are using it properly see all the tenses when they come to he she it he she it stands for he stands for one male person he may be in terms of his designation like prime minister honorable judge or my father my brother she stands for a female character in that and it stands for both he or she or not both we take usually it to the things which are neither male nor female correct so when it comes to he she it we should be very careful about using the tenses the forms of the verbs here we go wrong i say i eat it is okay my father eat two apples every day this is wrong and this is the common wrong done by my father eat every day my mother come to my office came to my office is okay but you can't have my mother come to my office i come is okay my boss come every day in time is wrong my boss comes and there is a difference why i selected this he she it is a third person singular pronouns will always take a different forms of words so we have to take care here then comes to the article part the next what we learn after parts of speech is articles we have three articles a and and d we have got set of rules for using that we have been taught that and should be put behind a word starting with the vowel then i ask university which usually asked in uh exam papers because they want to shortlist they have got 90 posts whereas 90 thousand people have applied they want to filter they will put dash university a university or an university my previous experience childhood experience is an university whereas now if i want to learn i had to learn in this way it is not the word starting with vowel it is a word starting with vowel sound and university is an exception for that even though it is starting with you which is a vowel its pronunciation is not who university no it is university so i will not use it should be a university a union when i say honor it starts with but i have to say it is an honor to me to speak to you it can't be it is a honor to me even though there is an h my pronunciation starts with oh honored these type of problems we face we commit day in and day out you can't say the america but you can say the us q there is not a reason why there is to do and die a very famous lines of a poet you can't ask why but it is fact they say when it is a cluster of states ussr usa uk you have to put the article the america england russia you have to use a or there is no article at all i went to america but i went to the us so these are the you know subtler points where we have to have a second look when we go for studying grammar again say there is an apostrophe there is a apostrophe you know it is kamala's purse rama zamrella my father's shirt f a t h e r apostrophe yes while writing at least if it is father's shirt can it be shirt's color if you remember your school days we were we have all written a essay on school and my teacher used to tell or our teacher used teachers used to tell that it is always the name of the school not school's name why it is my father's name why can't my school's name there is again a law as i told you grammar is a law of that language they say the lifeless things cannot be a apostrophe like that school's name is wrong it is always name of the school it is always color of the shirt not shirt's color shirt is an inner thing lifeless thing only persons with life can be used or should be used with apostrophe my sister's house my father's job okay father and sister when we go you see a board in a hotel and i was confused till you know very recently i corrupted myself today's menu or today's special things today's special items he will write with me what are some malpua and all he writes today's to ta y apostrophe yes that is why i call this as a educational or english tool i asked why you are written of course he will not be knowing anything about grammar but he has written it properly to ta y apostrophe today's special then i was confused this is the lifeless thing today yesterday's how can it be you know then i referred the book back i got that yes this is allowed for all time there are many set of rules where all it can be used other than the life things we have to look into that the people who are effective have done this job have done this over when it comes to tense how many of us are aware when we talk of tenses don't we say did you went there yesterday we say in a rage or on a telephone we shout did you went there yesterday why did you went there why did you went there is a wrong sentence why did you go there once there is a tense indicating word did in the sentence you can't use the second when the past form of go you can't use two indicators there you have to use where did you go why did you go did you go secondly even we fail to make an interrogation properly if i go to the types of sentences you come back even though you stretch to any extent you have come back it will not become a question in english you have to have the helping word before your subject have you come back can only be a question all other things are wrong but hindi may hota that influences my english also you have come back you are returned these are the mistakes and articles you are a fosthroat as a special thing to know all the rules then comes the tenses which is very important have you noticed that all our judges right and you know i am from a civil court they write accused shall pay a fine of rupees so and so i have never seen a judge writing accused will pay what is the difference why can't you write why can't you make this sentence differently accused will pay a fine of so and so there is a very set rule there is a very strict rule for this which we have taken for granted and you know i simply say i will come you can't say i will come bolemy as far as colloquial language is there but when you put it on paper that sounds that speaks about you if i say i will i am promising you i am promising you i will come if i say i shall come it is just a futurity i don't have time now i shall come tomorrow it's it's it's only means that if i say i will come tomorrow i am promising you that i will come tomorrow i will never miss that in the same way if i have to use shall before my first person and we shall should not be used for futurity in the second and third person that is you you and he should be if you use you have to use deliberately as a judge you once he says the accused shall pay he is telling accused is directed to pay order to pay if he writes accused will pay he has a choice he may fully go home because there is a sentence otherwise he has to undergo a jail term for two days there he writes accused he or she shall pay this is the proper use of grammar whether knowingly or unknowingly by a better training i have not seen any judge using the accused will pay these are the things which had to be considered while you aim high while you aim to climb the land these are the small things but these planes are old they have got their own things you see this this much of difference in meaning is there can you afford to do this if you say in a drafting of your plate that my client will pay my client shall pay going ahead i have seen this practically let me quote one more example to you that my judicial officers were collecting somebody and handing it over to the honorable district and a note was sent we have been paid 1000 rupees each and the honorable district started laughing they wanted to convey that from a particular taluka we all have paid 1000 rupees and it was written we all have been paid where it is taught it is taught on the chapter active wise and passive wise there is a there is a reverse meaning in we have paid and we have been paid how can we commit this and say we know English let us not dodge ourselves so my sincere request is this every aspect of grammar is practical it is used and we have to use it is as that's why i told you when i want to read and digest what mr. mullah has written in the law i should know the level of grammar what he knows then only i can digest this properly otherwise it goes over my head i finish the pages and lines that's all so these are the things then comes the as i told you idioms and phrases many a times we see in our textbooks very wonderful idioms have been used i want to quote one more example that in a in a very our aircraft discussion from France the there was an issue in the which was later correct what got correct it was told that it was written in the plane it is there in your google if you put it it is it was written that the decision of this committee is to be put forth in front of the next or the working committee whatever they were calling is to be was the word and when the decision came out it was written that he just changed the tense of it and told the discussion or the decision was presented was to be presented and was presented for the difference was to be presented is to be presented means it is yet to be presented not present is presented is presented already that was the difference Raphael D there was a discussion and it got corrected if you can i don't have at this time the details of it page numbers and the correction details but this was the correction very recently around construction of a sentence was there running in whatsapp i'm not blaming anybody or say i don't want to quote also that one as it is but i'll say i'll put it in other words how was it written one of my mother Usha one of my mother Usha decisions it was it was there if i if you go back there is a true true or false i don't know it is mentioned as it is written by Srimati Sonia Gandhi regarding Raju Gandhi it is wrongly written because the placement is wrong the word Raju Gandhi should have come later in the sentence as the place had changed it is giving a very nasty look to that or a meaning to that it is not it is totally definitely it is uh unintentional but this will not be taken in the same spirit by your audience by your readers it has to be correct so as i told you idioms and phrases is one more thing where we have to pay attention because the language becomes very soothing very attractive effective by using idiomatic language there is a world as you all know don't shut proper ideas don't we otherwise we say don't uh be it simply there are plenty of this plenty of such examples he's kicking the bucket please leave him he's kicking the bucket what do you mean by kicking the bucket he's in the last verse of his poem he's in the last stage of his life he's dying leave him please show some concession sir he's kicking the bucket so all these idiomatic things all these idioms and phrases if you go to the phrases how we commit mistake or there are very subtler differences take for example look a word look look at look into look for look down look up these are all different you know meanings that totally look at is looking at look down upon seeing somebody low look for is to search look up is to see with respect always some expectation look up we look up to our elders at times of difficulty we look up to our seniors at time of legal problems so these are the subtle differences in meaning and having their own strength when used properly which we have all how to give their own you know position in a sentence with with that game with that love we have to learn them they come handy and make you a special person in society then as I told you the very difference between the degree there is a chapter called degrees you know and we have all faced this and there is always a question asked in the community examination that this narration is good form and aggressive sentence of this we simply say this narration is not good this comes under a chapter called transformation of sentence directly direct active passive degrees they all fall under a broader chapter called transformation transformation means only I don't know what it means so if you say this narration is good is a question and your answer is this narration is not good you are telling just the opposite of that and not can be put by a cowboy why an educated you know degree holder should come for that answering this narration is not good you should know the opposite of good that is bad then say this narration is not bad that becomes this narration is good so this kind of very small meager things which you have to learn and learn under the heading grammar if you don't like as I told you in the beginning don't like the word grammar but learn this as I told you an example of degree degrees there are three degrees in English language tall tall or tallest as we say positive degree comparative degree and superlative degree so if I tell you Rama is as strong as Bhima and ask you to change this transform this into comparative degree what will you do because you have to use the word stronger but the meaning should not change simply people will write Rama is stronger than me I told you Rama is as strong as Bhima and your answer is Rama is stronger than me just reverse of what I told this can't be the answer and this can't be so easy also the answer has to be Bhima is not stronger than Rama it logically fits it becomes equal in strength so these are all the things we learn these are the good things or right things we learn and these all put together makes our language effective and we can bring out an effective communication then comes the last but not the least means I have might have skipped some of the titles but figures of speech figures of speech figures of speech is the art of comparing one another they don't say as white as milk correct they say as white as snow because English people know the snow from their childhood as we know the milk right so all these things are to be considered there is lot to learn even in the figure so we all have to master this under the heading drama as I told you the wordings the words and their meanings their spellings their forms if time permits I will give you one more example that we all say she is my cousin sister it's the wrong you say because the word cousin comes under a special category that is common gender which is not there in Indian languages in an Indian language we have got only three languages pulling the strailing and oppositely but in English we have got masculine feminine neuter and common gender judge falls under common gender she can be a judge or he can be a judge cousin is that category you need not to say she is my cousin brother or means she is not my cousin sister you just say she is my cousin it's enough and we'll only go to the extent of saying he is my boyfriend she is my girlfriend friend is a common gender word of common gender it did not have a tag gender tag it is wrong a friend who is boy cannot be a boyfriend boyfriend has got a different meaning the relation has to be more than friendship girlfriend also so these are the mistakes we do and prove ourselves ineffective and talking only of the language part of it I'm not an expert on the softer skills as I told you yesterday there was a very good lecture on how to present the things which you know but the stuff you know I'm talking about that so these are all the things which we learn under the heading grammar we have to learn we have to learn so do we have more time sir or can we go for the question of the session so there are only two questions are interested there are two questions yeah what is the significance of tone volume speed and pitch of voice and speaking English language this is by Mr. K.L. Singler okay I feel this is again a softer skill it is not the language part of it but still I can express or share what I know I can't have a voice of Latin English let me be very but my voice changes as my mood if I am there with you on the stage today with a very good mood free of anxiety pressure and if I am there with a subject which I know which I have a command over it my all things get set right my tone comes properly pleasant my pitch comes properly yes when I speak my confidence has to be there from inner I am totally a believer of inner personality has to be the base of your external expression I am against all artificial things I feel strongly I believe strongly that the inner thing has to be proper inner thing has to be sincere you have to be sincere to the core I should not say tomorrow that sir I can speak even on this even on that when I don't have command then my tone may sure then I may miss then I may mix up the things then I may confuse the people so what I feel sincerely is the confidence and the command over the subject set the things right on tone and pitch as it was expressed yesterday that especially on webinars you should speak louder than what you usually speak you should have causes to a good amount that makes the people comfortable to digest the things and the tone should be definitely pleasant we should not shout we should not shout so that the people feel uncomfortable and the last question we are taking what is the relationship between saying and hearing relationship relationship between saying and hearing okay it is just like what I'm saying and you are hearing at this moment correct correct see I am just going again a bit deeper into this then I say the word here here is a word of a very superficial upper crust I request all of you to listen to me not to hear me hearing is a process which happens without your permission like you are listening to me if a child screams in your room other next week you hear that but you are not sitting here to hear me you are sitting here to listen to me listening has got a deeper meaning with your mind to that now as sir asked me what is the difference between or the relation between saying and hearing definitely the person who is speaking or who is saying and the person who is hearing should have a bondage should have a common interest then the things go properly saying I should say to the best of my capacity I should say after preparing properly I should say with an intention that you get something out of this not for my benefit Swami Vivekananda has put it very nicely and very simply that we can do something at our best when we do it for others the intention has to be there that I am doing it for others then you say a very good thing you say in a very best manner so as far as saying in concerned speaking is concerned I feel it should be said always to the best of your sincerity to the best of your capability to the best of your preparation and hearing also should hear out of your interest out of gaining something we have to empty out first then try to listen something or hear something if you are filled nothing can go inside even if I you know Shakespeare says something you will not go in if you are filled so the listener should be empty empty out deliberately first and listen the speaker the talker the speaker has to prepare properly with come out with the best intention and speak I think this is the best relation between us here and the person who is hearing the last question difference between alternate and alternative yeah is an alternative is a is an objective but we use it both way that there is an alternate way there is no alternative is a now and alternate is a now and alternate is a is an objective as we say alternate path or alternate ways alternative is a now I can see there is no alternative to the hard work I can't say there is no alternative to hard work so Mr. Vasant it was a quite a fascinating and engaging session and I'm quite sure that lot of people who always believe that it is good but as you said that we have always to polish ourselves and today a lot of people would actually get their English much better in a polished manner and the communication skills would be improved in a much better way because the subtle differences between just like an alternate and alternative saying and hearing that as to how the difference how you correlated the gardens the flowers and the thread in the same way a lot of people would actually enjoy about this and tomorrow friends do stay connected with us we have two part session but tomorrow will be the part one that is of priors of partitions the procedural law by Mr. S. S. Homer Shaker a former district judge from Bangalore to stay connected with us at 530 and everyone stay safe stay blessed and we are thank you to Mr. Vasant Patram to take us to the entire not entire but I will say to entire different spectrums of English facets and I'm quite sure that people would learn from that and they as they say it's not just one day's work it has to be a continuous persuasion continuous endeavor and continuous pursuit to learn that thank you everyone and everyone stay safe stay blessed and keep on wearing your mask maintain social distancing and do vaccination. Namaskar. Thank you.