 Good afternoon. Thanks for listening to my presentation. I am Jasper Tebo. I'm a research soil assistant professor at NDSU, Carrington Research Extension Center. I'll be presenting to you three of the research trials that we are conducting, where we are assessing the effectiveness of nitrogen stabilizers on wheat as well as on corn. The three studies are based on the idea that when nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil surface with the use of a nitrogen stabilizer, it minimizes the loss of nitrogen. This is one way of increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use by the crop. Now, there are different types of nitrogen stabilizers. There are different categories. You have the earliest inhibitor, you have nitrifying inhibitor, and you have the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. Now, there are over 100 nitrogen stabilizers that are sold to farmers every year. Only very few of these nitrogen stabilizers are effective. So, we decided to conduct this study in order to assess some three new nitrogen stabilizers that are being produced by three different companies. We are using the results of these nitrogen stabilizers to compare the stabilized nitrogen samples that are in the market. These are agrotin super-U that are established in the agricultural arena. So, we are going to assess the effects of super-U agrotin, plain urea, on the effect on yield of wheat as well as on corn. I am presenting to you our trial on wheat. And then we'll compare those to reinovics. Reinovics is a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer that is still under study in the laboratory. And this is the first time that we are studying the effect on the field. Next, we are going to look at the effect of perform. Also, another slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. What this perform does is it has three different versions. Perform 15, perform 30, and perform 60. What this means is when perform is applied to the soil, it takes 15 days, when perform 15 is applied to the soil, it takes 15 days about for the fertilizer to completely degrade and render the nitrogen available to the crop. So perform 30 would take 30 days in order for the nitrogen to slowly release and be completely available to the plants. So right here we have the reinovics study where we have nine treatments. Each treatment was applied to five-foot plots. So this is one five-foot plot. And after every five-foot plot, there is a buffer. So this is a buffer. This is a plot that was treated and then another buffer. This is so that we minimize the interference of treatments from the neighboring plots. And we can see the color differences on the crops. That there is a nitrogen response. Where we have a buffer, where we do not apply nitrogen, the plants are light green. Meanwhile, the plots that receive nitrogen all along this strip are dark green. So what we are going to be looking at next will be the results, some temporal, some mid-season results that we got by collecting sensor data on these crops. We came with a green sticker sensor to estimate or to assess the vigor of the crops. And we estimated we are estimating this vigor by collecting an index called the NDVI, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Based on the results that we have seen, the NDVI for those plots that did not receive nitrogen were lower compared to those that received nitrogen. What we also saw was that when nitrogen stabilizers were used for plots, when nitrogen stabilizers were used, those plots had higher NDVI than those plots that received plain urea. Meaning that some of the nitrogen that was applied to the surface of the soil was lost when we applied plain urea. Meanwhile, less nitrogen was lost, if any, from those plots that we used nitrogen stabilizers. The results of this will be presented on PowerPoint during the online presentation. Thank you for listening.