 Sean Corey Carter, known professionally as Jay-Z, is an American rapper, businessman and investor. Formerly known as Jay-Z, he is one of the best-selling musicians of all time, having sold more than 100 million records, while receiving 21 Grammy Awards for his music. MTV ranked him the greatest MC of all time in 2006. Rolling Stone ranked three of his albums Reasonable Doubt, 1996, The Blueprint, 2001 and The Black Album, 2003, among the 500 greatest albums of all time. In 2014, Forbes estimated his net worth at nearly $520 million, making him one of the richest hip-hop artists in the U.S. Jay-Z CEO owns the New York 4040 club sports bar, and is the CEO-creator of the clothing line Rocaware. He is the former president of Def Jam Recordings, co-founder of Rock-A-Fella Records, and the founder of the entertainment company Rock Nation. He also founded the sports agency Rock Nation Sports and is a certified NBA and MLB sports agent. As an artist, he holds the record for most number-one albums by a solo artist on the Billboard 200 with 13. He has also had four number-ones on the Billboard Hot 100, one as lead artist. In 2009, he was ranked the 10th most successful artist of the 20 hundreds by Billboard as well as the fifth top solo male artist and fourth top rapper behind Eminem, Nelly and 50 Cent. He was also ranked the 88th greatest artist of all time by Rolling Stone. Jay-Z married American R&B singer Beyonce in 2008.Their daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, was born on January 7, 2012. Early Life Sean Carter was born in Brooklyn, New York and was raised in Marcy Houses, a housing project in Brooklyn's Bedford Stuyvesant neighborhood.He and his three siblings were raised by their mother, Gloria Carter after their father, Adness Reeves abandoned the family. Reeves would later meet and reconcile with Jay-Z before dying from liver failure in 2003. Jay-Z claims in his lyrics that in 1982, at the age of 12, he shot his older brother in the shoulder for stealing his jewelry. Along with future rapper A.Z., Carter attended Eli Whitney High School in Brooklyn until it was closed down. He then attended the nearby George Westinghouse Career and Technical Education High School with future rappers The Notorious B.I.G. and Busta Rhymes, followed by a stint at Trenton Central High School in Trenton, New Jersey, though he did not graduate. According to his interviews and lyrics, during this period he sold crack cocaine and was shot at three times. According to his mother, Carter used to wake up his siblings at night banging out drum patterns on the kitchen table. She bought him a boombox for his birthday, sparking his interest in music. He began freestyling and writing lyrics. Known as Jay-Z Around the Neighborhood, Carter later adopted the showbiz stage name Jay-Z in homage to his mentor Jay-Z.He would drop the hyphen in 2013. Jay-Z can be briefly heard on several of Jay-Z's early recordings in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including the originators and Hawaiian Sophie. Jay-Z became embroiled in several battles with rapper LL Cool Jay in the early 1990s. He first became known to a wide audience on The Posse Cut Show and prove on the 1994 Big Daddy Kane album Daddy's Home. Jay-Z has been referred to as Big Daddy Kane's Hype Man during this period, although Kane explains that he didn't fill the traditional Hype Man role, and was instead basically mocking cameo appearances on stage. When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring out Jay-Z and positive K and let them freestyle until I came back to the stage. The young Jay-Z appeared on a popular song by Big L, De Graveyard, and on Mike Geronimo's Time to Build, which also featured early appearances by DMX and JA Rule in 1995. His first official rap single was called In My Lifetime, for which he released a music video. An unreleased music video was also produced for the B-side I can't get with that. Music career 1995-97, reasonable doubt and in my lifetime, volume 1. With no major label to give him a record deal, Jay-Z sold CDs out of his coround, with Damon Dash and Kareem Biggs, created Rock-A-Fella Records as an independent label in 1995. After striking a distribution deal with Priority, Jay-Z released his 1996 debut album Reasonable Doubt with beats from acclaimed producers such as DJ Premier and Super DJ Clark Kent and an appearance by the notorious B.I.G. The album reached No. 23 on the Billboard 200, and was generally favored by critics.This album would later be included in Rolling Stones' 500 greatest albums of all time as No. 248 and eventually reach Platinum status. After reaching a new distribution deal with Def Jam in 1997, Jay-Z released his follow-up In My Lifetime, volume 1. Produced by Sean Puff Daddy Combs, it sold better than his previous effort. Jay-Z later explained that the album was made during one of the worst periods of his life, when he was reeling from the death of his close friend the notorious B.I.G. The album was a personal revelation for Jay-Z as he told the stories of his difficult upbringing. The album's glossy production stood as a contrast to his first release, and some dedicated fans felt he had sold out. However, the album did feature some beats from producers who had worked with him on Reasonable Doubt, namely DJ Premier and Ski. Like its predecessor, In My Lifetime, volume 1 earned Platinum status in the United States. 1998-2000, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, and The Dynasty. In 1998, Jay-Z released Vol. 2. Hard Knock Life which spawned the biggest hit of his career at the time, Hard Knock Life, ghetto anthem. He relied more on flow and wordplay, and he continued with his penchant for mining beats from the popular producers of the day such as Swiss Beats, an upstart in-house producer for Rough Riders, and Timbaland. Other producers included DJ Premier, Eric Serman, The 45 King, and Kid Capri. Charting hits from this album included Can I Get A, Featuring J.A. Rule and Amill, and Nigga What, Nigga Who, also featuring Amill. Vol. 2 would eventually become Jay-Z's most commercially successful album, it was certified five times Platinum in the United States and has to date sold over 5 million copies.The album went on to win a Grammy Award, although Jay-Z boycotted the ceremony protesting DMX's failure to garner a Grammy nomination. In 1999, Jay-Z duet with Mariah Carey on Heartbreaker, a song from her seventh album, Rainbow. In that same year, Jay-Z released Vol. 3. Life and Times of S. Carter The album proved successful and sold over 3 million copies Vol. 3's most successful single was Big Pimpin, featuring UGK. In 2000, Jay-Z released the dynasty, Rock Law Familia, which was originally intended to become a compilation album for Rock A Fella artists but somehow turned into a Jay-Z album. The album helped to introduce newcomer producers The Neptune's, Just Blaze, Kanye West, and Bink, which have all gone on to achieve notable success. This is also the first album where Jay-Z utilizes a more soulful sound than his previous albums. The dynasty sold over 2 million units in the U.S. alone. 2001-02, Feud with NAS, The Blueprint and The Blueprint II In 2001, Jay-Z spoke out against Prodigy after he took an issue with a Jay-Z line from Money, Cash, hoes that he felt eluded disparagingly to mob deep in his dispute with Tupac Shakur, Snoop Dogg and Death Row Records. He later performed the song Takeover, at Summer Jam 2001, which initially attacked Prodigy and revealed photos of Prodigy dressed like Michael Jackson. A line at the end of Takeover referred to NAS, who criticized him on We Will Survive. NAS responded with a diss track called Ether and Jay-Z Straightaway added a verse to Takeover which dissed NAS and would start a feud between the two rappers. Jay-Z reported on MTV that Mark Pitts had settled the feud between him and NAS. Jay-Z later released his sixth studio album, The Blueprint, which received a coveted five-mic review from hip-hop magazine The Source written in just two days and released in the wake of September 11 attacks. The album sold more than 427,000 copies, debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, and reached 2x platinum status in the U.S. . It was lauded for its production and its balance of mainstream and hardcore rap. Eminem was the only guest rapper on the album, producing and rapping on the song Renegade. Four tracks were produced by Kanye West and the album represents one of West's first major breaks in the industry. The Blueprint includes the popular songs Izzo, HOVA, Girls, Girls, Girls, Jigga that Nigga, and Song Cry. In October 2001, Jay-Z pleaded guilty to stabbing record producer Lance Rivera at the Kit-Kot Club in New York City in 1999. For this second-degree felony, Jay-Z was sentenced to three years probation. Jay-Z's next solo album was 2002's The Blueprint II, The Gift and the Curse, a double album. The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one, selling over 3 million units in the U.S. alone and surpassing The Blueprint. It was later reissued in a single disc version, The Blueprint 2.1 which retained half of the tracks from the original. The album spawned two massive hit singles, Excuse Me Miss and O3 Bonnie and Clyde, which featured Jay-Z's future wife Beyonce. Guns and Roses, featuring Lenny Kravitz, and Javi Baby were two successful radio singles as well. The album also contained the tracks A Dream, featuring Faith Evans and the late The Notorious B.I.G., and The Bounce, featuring Kanye West. The Blueprint 2.1 featured tracks that do not appear on The Blueprint II, The Gift and the Curse, such as Stop, La La La, Excuse Me Again, What They Gonna Do, Part 2 and Beware produced by and featuring Punjabi MC. 2003-05, The Black Album, Initial Retirement and Collaborative Albums After visiting the south of France, Jay-Z announced work on his eighth studio album The Black Album at the opening of the 4040 Club. He worked with several producers including Just Blaze, The Neptune's, Kanye West, Timbaland, Eminem, DJ Quick, 9th Wonder, The Buchanan's, and Rick Rubin. Notable songs on the album included What More Can I Say, Dirt Off Your Shoulder, Change Clothes, and 99 Problems. The Black Album has sold more than 3 million copies in the US.Jay-Z collaborated with R. Kelly and released a collaborative studio album, The Best of Both Worlds. On November 25, 2003, Jay-Z held a concert build as a retirement party at Madison Square Garden in New York City, which would later be the focus of his film Fade to Black. All proceeds went to charity. Other performers included collaborators like The Roots, in the form of his backing band, Missy Elliott, Memphis Bleak, Beanie Siegel, Freeway, Mary J. Bleach, Beyonce, Twista, Ghostface Killa, Foxy Brown, Farrell Williams and R. Kelly with special appearances by Voletta Wallace and A. Fenny Shakur, the mothers of the notorious B.I.G. and Tupac Shakur respectively. While Jay-Z had attested to a retirement from making new studio albums, various side projects and appearances soon followed. Included in these were a greatest hits record, as well as the release and tour of Unfinished Business, the second collaborative album between Jay-Z and R. Kelly. In 2004, Jay-Z collaborated with rock group Linkin Park, in which they released their collaborative remix EP Collision Course, which featured mashups of both artists' songs, as well as a concert DVD. The album's only single, Namankor, went on to win a Grammy for Best Rap Song Collaboration, and was performed with Linkin Park Live at the Grammys, with the special appearance by Paul McCartney, who added verses from the song yesterday. The EP sold over one million copies in the US.Jay-Z was the executive producer of The Rising Tide, the debut album of Fort Minor, the hip-hop side project of Linkin Park rapper Mike Shinoda. He also planned to retire in 2004. Later in 2004, Jay-Z was named president of Def Jam Records, which led to Jay-Z, Dash and Biggs selling their remaining interests in Rock-A-Fella Records and Jay-Z taking control of both of the companies. Reportedly this major industry move was prompted by disagreements between Jay-Z and Dash as to what direction Rock-A-Fella could undertake. The publicized split between Jay-Z, Dash and Biggs led to the former partners sending jabs at each other in interviews. 2005-07, I Declare War, Kingdom Come and American Gangster On October 27, 2005, Jay-Z headlined New York's Power 105.1 annual concert, Powerhouse. The concert was entitled the I Declare War concert leading to intense speculation in the weeks preceding the event on whom exactly Jay-Z would declare war. As he had previously declared war on other artists taking lyrical shots at him at other events, many believed that the Powerhouse show would represent an all-out assault by Jay-Z upon his rivals. The theme of the concert was Jay-Z's position as president and CEO of Def Jam, complete with an onstage mock-up of the Oval Office. Many artists made appearances such as the old roster of Rock-A-Fella Records artists, as well as Nayo, Tiara Murray, Ti, Young Jeezy, Aikon, Kanye West, Paul Wall, The Locs, and Diddy. At the conclusion of the concert, Jay-Z put many arguments to rest to the surprise of hip-hop fans. The most significant development in this show was closure to the infamous hip-hop rivalry between Jay-Z and NAS. The two former rivals shook hands and shared the stage together to perform Jay-Z's Dead Presidents blended with NAS's song The World Is Yours. Jay-Z returned with his comeback album on November 21, 2006, titled Kingdom Come. Jay-Z's comeback single, Show Me What You Got, was leaked on the Internet in early October 2006, scheduled to be released later on that month, received heavy airplay after its leak, causing the FBI to step in and investigate. Jay-Z worked with video director Hype Williams, and the singles video was directed by F. Gary Gray. The album features production from Just Blaze, Farrell, Kanye West, Dr. Diari and Coldplay's Chris Martin, single entitled Beach Chair. The first week saw 680,000 sales of the CD, which Entertainment Weekly said was the highest single week total in Jay's decade-long career. This album has sold 2 million copies in the U.S. Jay-Z released his 10th album entitled American Gangster on November 6, 2007. After viewing the Ridley Scott film of the same name, he was heavily inspired to create a new concept album that depicts his experiences as a street hustler. The album is not the film's official soundtrack, although it was distributed by Def Jam. Jay-Z's American Gangster depicts his life in correlation to the movie American Gangster. At the start of the album's first single, Blue Magic, Jay-Z offers a dealer's manifesto while making references to political figures of the late 1980s with the lyric, Blame Reagan for making Me Too Into a Monster, Blame Oliver North and Iran Contra, Iran Contra Band that they sponsored, before this rhyming stuff we was in concert. Also notable about the Blue Magic music video was Jay-Z flashing 500 euro notes, Harvard Business School professor Raui Abdelal called this a turning point in American pop culture's response to globalization. The album has sold 1 million copies in the U.S. . On January 1, 2008, Jay-Z resigned as president of Def Jam. 2008-11, The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne In the winter of 2008 it was announced that Jay-Z become the first major hip-hop artist to headline Britain's 2008 Glastonbury Festival. Tickets sold out quickly. Former headliner Noel Gallagher of Oasis condemned the festival organizers for choosing Jay-Z to headline a traditionally guitar-driven festival. I'm sorry, but Jay-Z. Gallagher asked, swearing. No chance. Glastonbury has a tradition of, kind of, guitar music, do you know what I mean? And even when they throw the odd curveballs in on a Sunday night you go, Kylie Meenog. I don't know about that, do you know what I mean, but I'm not having hip-hop at Glastonbury, no way, no, no. It's wrong. As controversy mounted, Jay-Z replied, we don't play guitars, Noel, but hip-hop has put in its work like any other form of music. This headline show is just a natural progression. Rap music is still evolving. We have to respect each other's genre of music and move forward. Jay-Z opened his Glastonbury set with a tongue-in-cheek cover of Oasis's iconic song Wonderwall, and went on to deliver a performance heralded as a successful response to pre-festival criticism. He also headlined many other summer festivals in 2008, including Rosekilde Festival in Denmark, Hove Festival in Norway and O2 Wireless Festival in London. During Kanye West's August 6, 2008 concert at Madison Square Garden, Jay-Z came out to perform a new song and he and Kanye proclaimed that it was to be on the Blueprint 3. On May 21, 2009, Jay-Z announced he would be parting ways with Def Jam, and had struck a multimillion-dollar deal to sign with Live Nation, with whom he would start his Rock Nation imprint which would serve as a record label, talent management agency and music publishing company and also partnered up with production team Stargate to start a record label called Star Rock. Jay-Z's 11th studio album The Blueprint 3 was originally to be released on September 11, 2009, but was instead released in North America on September 8, 2009, due to increasing anticipation. Its international release followed on September 14. It is his 11th album to reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and has surpassed Elvis Presley's previous record, making him the current solo artist record holder. On October 9, 2009, Jay-Z kicked off his tour for The Blueprint 3 during which he supported his new album in North America. In a Shave magazine review of his performance at Rexall Place in Edmonton, Jake Tomlinson expressed that it was the type of smooth performance you would expect from the hip-hop superstar. The review gave this performance four stars. His North American tour continued until November 22, 2009. At his concert on November 8, 2009, at Uckles-Powley Pavilion, Rihanna joined him on stage and performed hard for the very first time, then performed Run This Town with Jay-Z. Among his success, Jay-Z has ventured into producing Broadway shows. Along with Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith, Jay-Z helped produced the play Fella, a musical celebrating the work of the late Nigerian star Fella Kuti. Jay-Z said he was inspired by the power of Kuti's work and his life story, which resulted in his interest to help produce the musical Fella, is a story about an African pioneer and political activist who made his first moves on the scene during the 1970s. On January 23, 2010, Jay-Z released a track, Stranded, Haiti Monday Amour, with Rihanna and U2's Bono and the Edge, as well as performing it at the Hope for Haiti Now Telethon. In June 2010, Eminem and Jay-Z announced they would perform together in a pair of concerts in Detroit and New York. The event was dubbed the Home and Home Tour. The first two concerts rapidly sold out, prompting the scheduling of an additional show at each venue. Jay-Z was the supporting act for U2 on the Australian and New Zealand leg of their U2 360 degrees tour, beginning in Auckland, New Zealand in November 2010, followed by Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane and Perth in December. He also appeared on stage during U2 performances of Sunday Bloody Sunday, and in Auckland also joined the band for a performance of Scarlett, singing some lines of his song, History. In August 2010, it was revealed that Jay-Z and Kanye West would be collaborating on a five-track EP entitled Watch the Throne, although, it was later revealed by West that the project had become a full-length LP. Recording sessions for the album took place at various recording locations and began in November 2010. The first single released for the project was H.A.M. The track was C.O. produced by Lex Lugger and West himself. The track ended up being on the deluxe edition of the album. The follow-up to that was the second single Otis, which premiered on Funkmaster Flex's Hot 97 radio show, and was later released to the iTunes store 11 days later. The song's existence, along with several other tracks from the album, was confirmed during a listening session hosted by Jay-Z. The album was first released on the iTunes store, five days prior to it being released in physical format, a strategy Jay-Z later said was used to block an internet leak. It debuted at number one on the iTunes store in 23 countries. It also broke Coldplay's record for most albums sold in one week on the online retailer, selling 290,000 copies on iTunes alone. It held that record, until Lil Wayne's T.H.A Carter IV was released 21 days later, selling only 10,000 copies more. It debuted on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart at number one, selling 436,000 copies in its first week. The album received generally positive reviews. Jay-Z and West later gave a surprise performance of Otis at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards. In April 2011, Jay-Z launched a blog-like, lifestyle website by the name of Life Plus Times. It covers everything from music, to fashion, to technology, to sports. The site is curate based on Jay-Z's interests, and he himself works with a small staff to produce every single piece of content. 2012 Present, Magna Carta Holy Grail and Other Ventures Jay-Z collaborated with MIA on the single XXXO, which achieved a fair level of success and went on to become remixed by several producers worldwide. In May 2012, Jay-Z and Philadelphia Mayor Michael A. Nutter announced Jay-Z as the curator and the headliner for the first annual Budweiser Made in America Festival at Fairmount Park in Philadelphia on September 1 and 2, 2012. The performance was produced by Live Nation and assembled an eclectic line-up of rock, hip-hop, r&b, Latin music and dance musicians. Jay-Z and Rihanna were the two main headlining acts for BBC Radio One's 2012 Hackney Weekend Music Festival on June 23 to 24. Jay-Z opened his set with an appearance from Rihanna, they performed Run This Town. On September 6, Kleeq was released, a single from the album Cruel Summer, by Good Music. Kanye West and Big Sean starred alongside Jay-Z on the track. Jay-Z took the subway to his sold-out show at the Barclays Center on October 6, 2012. On November 12, 2012, Coldplay announced that they will be playing with Jay-Z at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn on December 31. On September 23, 2010, Q-Tip confirmed working on Jay-Z's follow-up album to The Blueprint 3 saying the album was to hit stores by spring 2011. In May 2012 it was reported that Jay-Z would work on new music with rock-nation producer Yallel Beats. Beats told XXL, me and Jay-Z been going back and forth. He picked a couple of my joints that he's working on. I don't even wanna say too much about Jay, but we definitely working on some stuff. I haven't even sent him a bunch of Beats. I sent him my favorite stuff. He hit me right back like, yo, I'm a go-in on this, or, I like this. The album has been named one of the most anticipated albums of 2013 by Complex Magazine, MTV and XXL Magazine. Production will come from Yallel Beats, Kanye West, Rick Rubin, Swizz Beats, Timbaland, and Farrell Williams. Jay-Z also made an appearance on Justin Timberlake's comeback single suit and tie from his third studio album The 2020 Experience. The song itself was produced by both Jay-Z and Timberlake's mutual friend, Timbaland. During the fifth game of the 2013 NBA Finals, Carter announced his 12th studio album, Magna Carta Holy Grail. It was released July 4, 2013. Magna Carta Holy Grail debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 528,000 copies in its first week, which bypassed its predicted debut in the range of 350,000 to 400,000. In December 2013, it was announced that Jay-Z had received nine nominations at the 2014 Grammy Awards, more than any other artist. Jay-Z appeared on his wife Beyoncé's self-titled fifth studio album, Beyoncé, with a feature on the song Drunk in Love. They performed this song together at the 56th annual Grammy Awards opening. The song and its accompanying album would later win three Grammy Awards including Best R&B Performance at the 2015 ceremony. In 2016, he won a lawsuit for the song made in America with Kanye West featuring Frank Ocean against Joel McDonald. Musical Style Influences Jay-Z says his earliest exposure to music was through his parents' record collection, which was mostly of soul artists such as Marvin Gaye and Donnie Hathaway. He says I grew up around music, listening to all types of people. I'm into music that has soul in it, whether it be rap, R&B, pop music, whatever. As long as I can feel their soul through the wax, that's what I really listen to. He often uses excerpts from these artists as samples in his work, particularly in the Kanye West productions included on the blueprint. Wrapping Technique Roysta 5'9'' and Fredro Star of Onyx both describe Jay-Z's emphasis on flow in the book How to Rap Star says that Jay-Z is a master of the flow he can flow fast, he can flow slow. The book describes how Jay-Z uses rests to provide structure to a verse and how he uses partial linking to add more rhymes to a verse. Jay-Z's early style is described by Vibe as a distinctly Doss EFX type, Stig Getty style on his 12 single Can't Get With That, referring to the fast rhythms and vocal delivery of the group Doss EFX. He is also known to write lyrics in his head, as described by Pusha T of Clips in How to Rap, a style popular with many MCS such as the notorious B.I.G Everlast, Bobby Creek Water and Gorilla Black.Shock G of Digital Underground describes Jay-Z's performance style, saying he rarely breaks a sweat, and instead uses smoothness and clever wordplay to keep the audience interested and entertained. Business Career Jay-Z appeared in a 2003 Reebok collection advertising his S. Carter collection. Jay-Z has also established himself as a successful entrepreneur with a business empire spanning across a variety of industries ranging from clothing lines, beverages, real estate, sport teams and record labels. In an interview, he stated that my brands are an extension of me. They're close to me. It's not like running GM, where there's no emotional attachment. Jay-Z and Damon Dash are the founders of the urban clothing brand Rocaware. Rocaware has clothing lines and accessories for men, women and children. The line was taken over by Jay-Z in early 2006 following a falling out with Dash. In March 2007, Jay-Z sold the rights to the Rocaware brand to Iconics brand group, for $204 million. He retains his stake in the company and continues to oversee the marketing, licensing and product development. He also CEO owns the 4040 Club, an upscale sports bar that started in New York City and has since expanded to Atlantic City and Chicago. In 2008, the 4040 Club in Las Vegas was closed down and bought back by the hotel after attendance steadily declined. Future plans will see 4040 Clubs in Tokyo and Singapore. In 2005, Jay-Z became an investor in Carol's Daughter, a line of beauty products, including products for hair, skin and hands. In September 2013, his stake in Barclays Center was sold for $1.5 million. Jay-Z serves as CEO brand director for Budweiser Select and collaborates with the company on strategic marketing programs and creative ad development. He provides direction on brand programs and ads that appear on TV, radio, print and high-profile events. He is also yet to expand his 4040 Club sports bar in as many as 20 airports, as he makes deals with his business partners, Juan and Desiree Perez. He is a part owner of the Brooklyn Nets NBA team, having paid a reported $4.5 million for his share, which declined in value to $350,000 in April 2013. He encouraged the team's relocation to Brooklyn's Barclays Center, from New Jersey, in the 2012-2013 season, at which point the team took on the Brooklyn Nets moniker. In October 2005, he was reported in English media as considering buying a stake of Arsenal FC, an English soccer team. He has also invested in a real estate development venture called Jay Hotels which recently acquired a $66 million mid-block parcel in Chelsea, New York. Jay Z and his partners are contemplating constructing a high-end hotel or an art gallery building on the newly acquired site which has the potential to go up about 12 stories. Through his conglomerate company Gain Global Investments Network LLC, he had an interest estimated between 2 and 7% in the Aqueduct Entertainment Group, AEG, Consortium, which in January 2010 was awarded a contract to operate a 4,500-slot machine racino at the Aqueduct Race Track. Jay Z became interested in the project after New York Governor David Patterson who awarded the contract said there had to be an affirmative action component to the ownership. Jay Z initially approached by Casino Mogul Steve Win who was also bidding on the contract. On March 9, 2010, Jay Z and Flake withdrew from the project and Patterson recused himself from further involvement. On November 16, 2010, Jay Z published a memoir entitled Decoded. In April 2011, it was widely reported that Jay Z had outbid executives at Universal Records and Jive Records to acquire independent record label Blockstars' music. Jay Z is also credited as the executive producer of the basketball video game NBA 2K13 where he worked on the look and feel of the game along with its soundtrack. On April 2, 2013, ESPN Jay Z launched his own sports agency, Rock Nation Sports, with a focus on the representations of various professional athletes. The sport management group will work as partners with Creative Artists Agency. In conjunction with the agency's launch, New York Yankees' second baseman Robinson Kino left agent Scott Boraz to sign with the company. Sources have mentioned that Jay Z himself is planning to be a certified sports agent, first in baseball and eventually in basketball and football. In order to represent clients in basketball, he would have to give up his small share of the Brooklyn Nets. On April 18, 2013 Jay Z officially announced through his Life and Times website in a press release that he will be relinquishing his ownership in the Brooklyn Nets. The shares were eventually sold to singer, rapper, actor and entrepreneur Wilbur Penn, making Wilbur the first American of Taiwanese descent to own a U.S. professional sports franchise. Jay Z cited Wilbur's athletic background, he was a team captain of his high school basketball team and played in college, his multitude of musical styles, his influence in the Taiwanese-American community, and his business acumen and portfolio, including being the founder and chief executive of software company Kamigo Media and a co-founder of Streetwear Boutique and .p.c New Projects Center, as reasons why his bid was successful. In 2014, Jay Z invested $200 million in Armand de Brignac Champagne-owned sovereign brands, a New York-based wine and spirits company for a 100% stake, making it the second alcoholic product acquisition in his financial investment portfolio. The brand is known for its popularity with high-profile artists as being the gold bottles often referred to in media. His ties to the company date back to 2006, and he received millions of dollars per year for his association with Armand de Brignac before he bought the entire company. In March 2015, Jay Z completed the $56 million acquisition of Aspero, an Norwegian media technology company that operates the subscription-based music streaming service title, which has been in operation since October 2014. The music service was acquired through his company Project Panther Bidco Ltd, an entity indirectly owned by Jay Z's Escarter Enterprises – a company holding interests in leading international music, media and entertainment companies. The acquisition was completed with the help of Moreland Partners, a leading global technology-focused Manda advisory firm, which acted as financial adviser to Aspero. The music service combines lossless audio and high-definition music videos with curate editorial. The main idea of the service is to bring major revenue streams back to the music artists themselves as the idea of an artist-owned streaming platform was stated as to restore the value to music by launching a service owned by artists. Jay Z currently is a major shareholder in the company. Parlux Fragrances sued Jay Z for $18 million for the failure of Jay Z's Cologne, gold. They claim the Cologne's failure is due to Jay Z not doing social media posts and interviews about the Cologne. Parlux claims they projected selling $15 million the first year and $35 million the second and subsequent years after the launch. The fragrance sold $14 million the first year and $6.1 million the second. Parlux supposedly lost money on the venture and have had constant returns of unsold inventory. In July 2015, Carter invested $20 million in Jets Martyr, an app that lets people book private executive plane rides in seconds. The app was built by 27-year-old entrepreneur Sergey Petrosaev. Jay Z collaborated with Cohiba to launch his own cigars. He signed a two-year exclusive film and TV deal with Weinstein Company and with the deal gives them first look options to create scripted and unscripted TV projects and film projects, and those projects were in works. As part of his deal with Weinstein Company, he produced a documentary series on the life of K-Life Browder who was imprisoned for three years and committed suicide upon his release. He also addressed racial profiling and police brutality in a conscious manner. Personal life. Relationship with Beyonce. Jay Z is married to American R&B singer Beyonce. In 2002, Jay Z and Beyonce collaborated for the song O3 Bonnie and Clyde. Jay Z also appeared on Beyonce's hit single Crazy in Love as well as That's How You Like It from her debut album Dangerously in Love. On her second album, B-Day, he made appearances on the 2006 hits, Deja Vu and Upgrade U. In the video for the latter song, she comically imitates his appearance. The couple generally avoids discussing their relationship. Beyonce has stated that she believes that not publicly discussing their relationship has helped them. Jay Z said in a People article, We don't play with our relationship. They kept a low profile while dating, and married in April 2008. It became a matter of public record on April 22, 2008, but Beyonce did not publicly debut her $5 million Lorraine Schwartz-designed wedding ring until the Fashion Rocks concert on September 5, 2008 in New York City. Beyonce and Jay Z were listed as the most powerful couple for Time magazine's 100 most influential people of 2006. In January 2009, Forbes ranked them as Hollywood's top-earning couple, with a combined total of $162 million. They also made it to the top of the list the following year, with a combined total of $122 million between June 2008 and June 2009. At the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, Beyonce revealed that she was pregnant with their first child and on January 7, 2012, she gave birth to their daughter, named Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. On January 9, 2012, Jay Z released Glory, a song dedicated to their child, on his social website Lifantimes.com. The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Beyonce suffered before becoming pregnant with their daughter.Because Blue's cries were included at the end of the song and she was officially credited on the song as B.I.C., at two days old she became the youngest person ever to appear on a Billboard chart when Glory debuted on HotRandom hip-hop songs at No. 74. Criminal Charges On December 1, 1999, Jay Z, who had come to believe that record executive Lance Unrivera was behind the bootlegging of Vol 3, allegedly stabbed Rivera at the release party for Q-Tip's album Amplified at the Kit-Kot Club, an out-of-funked nightclub in Times Square, New York City. Jay Z's associates at the party were accused of causing a commotion within the club, which Jay Z allegedly used as cover when he supposedly stabbed Rivera in the stomach with a 5-inch, 127mm, blade. He surrendered to police the following evening and was placed under arrest, although he was soon released on $50,000 bail. When he was indicted in Manhattan Criminal Court in late January 2000, he pleaded not guilty, he and his lawyers contended that they had witnesses and videotapes proving he had been nowhere near Rivera during the incident. Nevertheless, he later pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor and accepted a three-year probation sentence. Jay Z later addressed the case in his 2010 book Decoded. �One night I went to Q-Tip's solo album release party and at some point in the night, I ran into the guy everyone's been telling me is behind the bootleg. So I approached him. When I told him what I suspected, to my surprise, he got real loud with me right there in the middle of the club. It was strange. We separated and I went over to the bar. I was sitting there like, �No the fuck this nigga did not. I was talking to people, but I was really talking to myself out loud, just in a state of shock. Before I even realized what I was doing, I headed back over to him, but this time I was blacking out with anger. The next thing I knew, all hell had broken loose in the club. That night the guy went straight to the police and I was indicted. There was no reason to put my life on the line, and the lives of everyone who depends on me, because of a momentary loss of control. I vowed to never allow myself to be in a situation like that again. Philanthropy During his retirement, Jay Z also became involved in philanthropic activity. In 2003, Jay Z, together with his mother, founded the Sean Carter Foundation, which has assisted eligible students facing socio-economic hardships through college. On August 9, 2006, he met with United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the organization�s headquarters in New York City. The rapper pledged to use his upcoming world tour to raise awareness of and combat global water shortage. Already on the lookout for a way to, in his own words, become helpful, he had been made aware of this issue during a visit to Africa by Bono from the rock group U2. The effort took place in partnership with the UN, as well as MTV, which produced a documentary entitled Diary of Jay Z, Water for Life, first airing in November 2006. Along with Sean Diddy Combs, Jay Z pledged $1 million to the American Red Cross relief effort after Hurricane Katrina. Jay Z stated his support for Kanye West after the latter�s outburst against President Bush during a live Katrina charity telethon. He also addressed the issue of the Katrina disaster, and the government�s response, in his one-verse song Minority Report. Jay Z has previously stated in a song that �the greatest form of giving is anonymous to anonymous� and, in 2013, it was revealed by author Dream Hampton, who CEO wrote Jay Z�s book Decoded, that he quietly established a trust fund for Sean Bell�s children. Politics In 2006, Jay Z appeared with Russell Simmons in a PSA combating racism and anti-Semitism organized by the Foundation for Ethnic Understanding. By 2008, Jay Z was actively involved in the 2008 presidential campaign, where he supported increased voter participation and helped send voters to polling stations. He was an early supporter for the candidacy of Illinois Senator and subsequent U.S. President Barack Obama, performing for free in voter drive concerts financed by the Democrats campaign. He also became acquainted with Obama himself, who stated �Every time I talk to Jay Z, who is a brilliant talent and a good guy, I enjoy how he thinks. It�s somebody who is going to start branching out and can help shape attitudes in a real positive way.� During the 2010 midterm elections campaign, Jay Z appeared, along with other artists, in an ad prepared by the headcount organization urging voters and especially younger ones, to register and vote. In May 2012, Jay Z announced his endorsement of President Obama�s support of same-sex marriage and participated in his re-election campaign. Musician and civil rights activist Harry Belafonte has been openly critical of Jay Z and Beyonce in their relatively safe political stances, saying that they have turned their back on social responsibility in an interview with the Hollywood reporter A. Syracuse University finance professor also gave similar opinions, pointing to Jay Z�s only giving $6,000 to charity after making $63 million in 2012. He also voiced that the hip-hop mogul likely would never have come out in support of gay marriage had President Obama not first taken the initiative. In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Jay Z and Beyonce supported presidential candidate Hillary Clinton at her rally in Cleveland. Clinton praised Jay Z for addressing racism, oppression and the criminal justice system.