 Activity 9 is about the use of application, equipment and instructions for sericulture. Sericulture is actually the process of cultivating silkworms and extracting silk from them. Actually, in sericulture we use the caterpillars of domestic silk moth that we commonly called the silkworm that is bombax mori, this is the scientific name of silkworm, we used mostly bombax mori for the cultivation of, for the rearing of silkworms and for the processing of silk. We need different, for sericulture industry, this is the, sericulture is the cottage industry, for this purpose we need plantation, we need mulberry leaves in large amount, we need the sericulture unit and bombax mori silkworm and we need the equipment for the processing of cocoons. Actually, sericulture is the cottage industry, for this cottage industry we have to cultivate the mulberry leaves. If you want to start the sericulture cottage industry from a domestic level, then for that you need mulberry leaves, mulberry plants, you need to cultivate them, which is called shahtut and the seeds of the silkworm are grown on them, after that you need the unit of the sericulture in it, bombax mori silkworms will be required, their seeds will be required and then equipment for the processing of cocoon. For the rearing of silkworm, we have to understand the life cycle of silkworm or bombax mori. When you start the rearing of an animal or insect, then you should know the complete information of its life cycle, what is its life cycle, what stages are there, metamorphosis, how many stars are there, what is the food, what are the physical factors, what is the required temperature, what is the humidity and in what season it will be rare, you have to grow it from the beginning, so all these factors are considered after understanding the life cycle. Actually, a female silkworm takes eggs and after that we have to keep a specific temperature for these eggs and then these eggs hatch and silkworm larvae emerges from these eggs, there are different larval instars of silkworm, different larval instars are instar first, first instar, second instar, third or fourth instar, fifth instar and then these instars are voracious feeders, they eagerly eat the, they consume large amount of mulberry leaves, mulberry leaves are cut into small pieces and then they are grown on them, silkworms, racem larvae, caterpillars grow on them, as food intake from mulberry leaves and then cocoon formation starts, after cocoon formation, if we harvest cocoon from them, then the process for silk will be done otherwise the female will take eggs, several caterpillars form a protective layer around pupa, on the pupa stage caterpillars make a covering of their eggs, that is called cocoon and after that it is made from that thread, and it is a separate process of making thread, that after cocoon harvesting how the thread is made, as you can see the diagram this is the life cycle of silkworm, adult female moth lays egg and these legs, these eggs after hatching at larval stage they consume the mulberry leaves and then the larval stage caterpillar and then caterpillar grows to the pupa stage, at pupa stage it forms a cocoon, it is made from a thread and after that it is harvested for young purposes for thread purpose, and if we do not harvest these cocoons, then this animal will grow and convert into a moth, it will convert into an adult and that adult female will take the egg, these sericulture is the industry where the silkworms for rearing purposes farmers commonly do that they buy eggs, they get the packet of eggs and China, Pakistan, India, in neighbouring countries there is a lot of rearing of silk production, their yields are very high, and they are very high in silk production, farmers buy eggs and these eggs are given a special temperature by which they hatch the egg and the larvae emerge, larval instars, larval instars they take the feed and after that pupa and pupa, then cocoon they take the feed and then larval instars they take the feed and after that pupa and pupa, then cocoon they develop and they are converted into trays and the whole process is as soon as they hatch the egg they are converted into trays, those trays where mulberry leaves are cut into small pieces and those trays grow there and after that they are given an environment to synthesise cocoon, there are such sticks between which they synthesise cocoon and after that cocoon is processed of silk, then cocoon is harvested and removed with those sticks and then boiled cocoon and from there finally through an equipment like this, if we go back in a little direction, there used to be a thread there, so it is the same kind of machine from which fine thread is converted into yarn from this cocoon and by-product is that the mulberry leaves used here as a food for the caterpillars of silkworm, their sticks are made into mulberry baskets, which you have seen in your life, fruit baskets, so their baskets are the by-product of mulberry sticks. As you can see in this diagram, there are the different stages of sericulture industry, this is the cottage industry, actually the cottage industry, you can start it here, people have started it at home, as you can see, they can grow it on the four legs, apart from this, in one diagram you can see that they are made into trays or racks, so they are grown in those trays, in small space you can grow them in multiple racks and trays at home, people grow it on the four legs and after that the sticks, as you have seen, are harvesting and farmers are separating the cocoons with the sticks and cocoon formation is basically on the pupa stage in which the fine thread synthesizes itself and the diagram on the right side is the tail to tail and mating, for the mating purposes they use their tails as you can see in the diagram and also adult moth emerges from the cocoon, as you can see in the diagram, adult moth are emerging from these cocoons and this is the egg-ling stage of this adult female moth and this is the tail to tail and mating, these are the caterpillar that are voracious feeders of the mulberry leaves and this is the cocoon formation, this is the harvesting of the cocoon, these are the eggs, this is the caterpillar and then cocoon formation, this is the adult stage of the silkworm moth, actually in Pakistan we have a sari culture department, we have a sari culture industry, you must have heard that in Changa Manga, there is also silkworm rearing and there is a proper setup where the mulberry is cultivated, and after that there is rearing, the neighboring surrounding areas, all the farmers are involved in this cottage industry and they rearing and as we can see in this diagram, these are the eggs of the silkworm, these eggs hatch at specific temperature and this is the adult, this is the caterpillar, this is the larval stage of silkworm, this is the cocoon and after hatching from this cocoon, this young one, this adult, this moth emerges from this cocoon and the rearing of silkworm is at a particular temperature before summer and after winter, almost from January to March and after that, after summer, from September to November, this rearing and this cycle of 45 days is almost completed in 2-3 months, this life cycle and in this small period, this is a good source of earning for young students, for common people and for farmers, if we adopt this and in China, India, this is a lot of work on this sari culture as you can see in this diagram, these are the different racks and these are the trays for rearing of silkworm so in a room, in this type of rearing trays, rearing racks after the setup, even in small space, on large scale, you can rear silkworm, you can maintain temperature and humidity there in this diagram, as you can see the caterpillars are voracious feeder they are eating the leaves of mulberry, this is the large view of these caterpillars and then after these caterpillars, this is the cocoon formation this caterpillar forms this cocoon, this is the cocoon, this is the fine thread actually, what this caterpillar does is, on the pupa stage, it creates this cocoon, this thread this is the mating stage, silkworm, bombax mori has tail-to-tail and mating this is the mating stage, tail-to-tail and mating this is the male or female, this is the mating stage and this is the emerging of young moth, young adults from these cocoons as you can see, this young moth is emerging from this cocoon if we do not harvest it, then this cocoon will convert to adult moth after the pupa and after that, it comes out of this cocoon and after that, this is the egg-ling stage of adult female of bombax mori if we harvest it on the cocoon stage, then the insect gets dead because cocoons boil for harvesting in hot water, then the animal gets dead but if we have to go to the egg-ling stage, then we will not boil the cocoon in fact, it will convert to moth from pupa and the female moth gets egg-ling and this is the harvesting of cocoon you can see that farmers, farmers, people are separating the cocoons and after that, it is processed further for the thread