 We're going to begin our discussion on security, so what I'm going to do is I will invite our three speakers to the stage for each room to speak for 10 minutes and after that we'll have opportunity for discussion and questions. I'd be delighted to take as many questions as possible from the floor. So if there is a question that you think of during a presentation, make a note of it and after the three presentations we'll hopefully get opportunity to discuss all of those themes. So I'm going to invite our three speakers and I'll introduce them as they come up. But if you can come up this side, sorry. First you'd like to stay here because we're here talking. Right, thank you. So just while we get our presentations ready, unfortunately this issue of security, we could talk about it for the whole bank holiday weekend but we only have until half past 10. So our speakers only have 10 minutes and that is a very short amount of time to get through everything that they want to. Hopefully it would be enough to prompt our discussions and to talk through the large themes that we will have. Roshina here in the front row so she'll be telling our speakers how much time they have left. And I'd now like to welcome our first speaker who as I said is Ms Kristi Naranen. She is the director of international relations at the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats and her talk today is on the changing character of peace, the landscape of hybrid threats. So as our first speaker, please give Ms Kristi Naranen a round of applause. Thank you. It's very generous to you to applause before I've even opened my mouth. Thank you very much for the support and the pressure. NB80 is one of my favourite formats of international politics. I've been the Finnish ambassador to Estonia for five years. I lived there also in the 90s for four years and I lived there in 90s for five years so I lived there nine years. I was the first Baltic desk officer in the Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1992 and I followed the independence process from Leningrad in 1990-92. Plus I learnt my Swedish in Tallinn where the Nordic cooperation was very, very intense in the 90s and not less in this decay. I work presently at the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats which might be an organisation that some of you know I'm not going to concentrate on the centre however today because the sales and marketing department of the centre is closed for the moment as we are receiving so many new members that we will now concentrate on absorbing the ones that we have. So Iceland, Ireland, you are more than welcome to join but this is not for this purpose. The purpose is to talk about the changing character of beats and about the concept of hybrid threats. I mean we hear the word quite often yet there seems to be very little not understanding but conceptualisation that what are we actually talking about. I'd like to refer to a speech of Antonio Miserolli that the Assistant Secretary-General of NATO in Helsinki Conference on Hybrid Threats that we had earlier this week and he said that I drive hybrid car, the pedestrians don't hear when I appear. Oh, they only see me when I'm there. True which means that you have to use all your senses, 360 degrees to observe the elements of society around you. That's one and in order to hear you also need to listen. So we are not talking about anything new. I mean this is something that we've always had in society. So during the Cold War period there were so many things that were happening around us. Party financing was an everyday feature. This information using the fifth column was used everywhere the use of your fellow countrymen and taking advantage of their most everyday business. So why is it so typical now? Topical now? There are few reasons that are there. First of all the changing world order after the Cold War we all figured out that the Western regime that won the Cold War would prevail and then we would live happily ever after. Well that didn't quite take place and that has resulted in power transition from the West first away from West and to the fragmented world. The rise of China is a completely different new element in this debate and this has also led to the fragmentation is leading to dividing lines in societies which is bringing this fragmentation to the national and domestic fora. Technological revolution has changed that all and that has brought us a lot of prosperity, wealth, speed, reliability, transparency so we should never say the digitalisation should be stopped. It cannot be stopped but it has brought the cyber threats along with it. That has also brought the changes in media landscape which means that the connectivity not only regionally but also ideologically and globally has brought a completely new platforms for the adversaries or the malign influencing that was not there before. And the climate change is not only bringing the anxiety and society I like Mr. Minister you were referring to the point that Mr. Minister was referring to was the point that generations don't understand each other and the expectations are different and changing. Climate change is also bringing the physical vulnerabilities of societies. If there's a forest fire flood, storm, the authorities are under stress if you add on a cyber attack and a few successful disinformation campaigns you would have the questions asked that why do not the authorities do anything which is undermining the trust to societies and its actors. And this is bringing the dividing lines into societies states, regions, generations, ideologies and this is very fertile ground for outside influencing very, very fertile ground and this has brought us to the concept of modern conflict. Conflicts are different than it has ever been, they have ever been before and this all needs to be put into the historical, political, economic, geographic, cultural context so the same action in one context is considered to be very different than in another one. Let's take the immigration issue. The borderline of Finland was opened by Russia in 2015 in autumn. It's a Norway who are completely almost as similar as countries can be examined and analysed the situation in a different way based to the fact that our political history with Russia is so different. One was talking about corrupt border guard and Finland talked about hybrid influencing, testing rather. So this needs to be taken into account and this means that we have to know what the historic and economic and et cetera context of your country is. So hybrid threat, it's a western concept, it's coordinated and synchronised. If you have a look at our logo, I think it's all there. I hope that would kind of carve into your minds that there are red spots that are connected with each other. That's hybrid threat. It's a multi-faceted, multi-actor, coordinated, synchronised action. You have to make the difference between that and the individual red spots which might be individual cyber attacks disinformation campaigns because they are most more likely to be crime than anything else. However, sometimes cross-border connecting the dots would be the thing that we need to do and that's what the hybrid centre of excellence is doing is that we do not only look into our own societies and the actions taking place there but also cross-border because that's usually the case. It's exploiting the thresholds, detection attribution. Who's behind this action? Who was behind the bombing of the Saudi Arabian oil refinery? We still don't know. War and peace, there was war in Georgia. There's never been peace since. Internal, external, internal threats are taken care of by police. External is military, not the case anymore. Military is civil, public, private, facts and fiction. This 01 world that we have lived in and what our computing is based on doesn't exist anymore. We are moving towards a world where friends and foes are not distinguished. Well, if a friend attacks a friend where a friend has left a region where is the enemy? If we talk about North Syria as we speak. So this is what the world looks like today and all these things are here to stay and that's something where international coordination and cooperation is needed and that main aim is to influence the decision-making bodies local, state, institutional level because they are the ones who make the decisions and the aim is that we would ourselves make the decisions that are harmful to us and beneficial for the adversary. I would jump over that because of the time. That's the same thing just in the visual format. You will get the slides later so you can study that yourself. So also the military if you look at the hybrid warfare because this is something that is very often discussed that warfare and hybrid threats are blurred also. Military-centric warfare is the one that you have the military attacking. This is the North Syria today. This has been the Falkland Islands war and many others but the hybrid warfare means that all those tools are used in different concerted matters like a Swiss knife which is tailored and which is using the knife as a military tool but also many others. These are the values with which we want the Cold War democracy, democratic institutions, human rights, etc. These are also our vulnerabilities in certain occasions and these are also the ones that the adversary will look into when they are trying to find the targets of malign action in our societies. In this family Nordic Baltic Aids and Ireland and a few others this is a very strong set of interests and values that we have. Not all countries have them and the adversaries have none. This is why this group of experience and context is so vital to build our resilience and our future actions on. For that to detect the threats to respond to them and with that deter we need to be aware of the situation we need to share information to build the situational awareness then we will be able to detect, we need to communicate we need to be unified in doing that and showing the political will to counter and join our forces to do that. To conclude we need to have the democratic values we need to recognize that they need to be defended they do not live without that anymore in the fragmentation of societies. We all have vulnerabilities because we tend to think that the strong Nordic countries are so strong that they can up anything, not the case. We need to have rational intellectually honest analysis for that, that's sometimes the tricky part. Cornerstones of democracy are a challenge we need to admit that. Comprehensive all government approach is the only thing if we have overarching threats we need to have overarching response and there's an obviously a demand for joint action and we feel that the hybrid COE NB8 plus Ireland B then plus Germany plus UK plus the member states of our center which you can see below this is the reference group with which is the only way to build shared and joint security to these societies that we cherish so deep. Thank you very much.