 Acomantia mucinella, a mucinella, is a symbiotic bacterium found in the human gut. It has been shown to improve host metabolism and immunity, and may also have potential applications in cancer therapy. Despite this, there is still much to learn about the causal relationship between a mucinella and disease. Limited research has been conducted on the safety and efficacy of a mucinella in humans, and few interventional studies have been done in animals. This paper reviews the bacterial characteristics and safety of a mucinella, as well as its potential role in metabolic disorders, immune diseases, and cancer therapy. This article was authored by Ting Zhong, Chen Qianli, Lei Chen, and others.