 Tech conferences are like rock concerts now It's interesting. I used to be a musician unfortunately my audience was never as big as when I was speaking So I guess I was upgraded. So it's really great to be with you guys today. I live in Zurich in Switzerland I've been to India many times. So I'm gonna say a few things about India later But keep in mind that I'm not an expert obviously even though I've been many times I'll talk to you about the future today I want to get going in a very simple conversation about this You know, I'm sure you noticed that Humanity and technology are kind of converging. I mean basically when we use these devices here When we use this That's your second brain It's your external brain and For some of our children. It's the only brain They have So imagine this machine has a has the same computing power than the machine that brought the Americans to the moon Here and here in 10 years. What do you think this machine will do? Well, I can say pretty much Any imagination is fine It's going to be unlimited computing power Crantum computing 5g 10g 20g It's going to be on here So many things about this are really good And other things are not so good. I Think we had to keep it very good on I and I on what that means and where that's going to take us because obviously there is Things that we need to consider. I wrote a book about this technology was humanity We're gonna do a book signing later. There's a couple books for you guys not enough for everyone But probably a good start So I'm gonna start by saying that I think our world is going to change more in the next 20 years Than in the previous 300 years I Know that's a crazy thing to say really The last 300 years Industrial evolution before that the printing press World War two the internet television telephone But now technology is going to go inside of us technology is changing us our biology. I Don't know if you noticed this last week. There was a first Chinese doctor who did an operation on on babies Or operation a procedure to change their genes to be resistant to HIV The doctor is in jail now. I heard a couple days ago, but I mean technology is changing everything I mean machines that can think and we think about this for a second right machines that can think How many companies are promising us machines that can think and you know the funny thing is we don't even know how humans think We haven't really understood this quite yet. I mean it's going to be an amazing 20 years I think it's 90% positive. I'm very excited about this and then there's 10% different difficult things You know things that we may wonder about that we have to think about interfaces The biggest shift we're seeing today That if the internet is working You can speak to a machine like you speak to a friend And I mean the example here of the voting is quite interesting, you know if we don't have access then none of this works So it's just academic right, but I mean the future will fix that and and we're going to talk to machines as if they were a friend You know that the cultural implication of this is huge. I'll show you a short example Okay, Google. What are my reminders your reminders for today are ask Kelsey to prom Okay, Google call 24 7 lock lads Okay, Google call kisses coming call. You've seen all of this I Wonder one day we're going to say hey Google. I need to get married make a proposal And it will just you know get the whole marriage arranged and all I have to do is sign with my fingerprint With my odd hard card. I just sign Another thing is a Google launch a really interesting idea a couple of months two months ago Called duplex and duplex is a machine A bot that can call anyone on your behalf So this machine speaks in whatever language I think it's mostly English right now, but you can give it a job like making an appointment a hairdresser It can act like you So I found the very interesting parody of this capability of the machine I play a short one for you Hello Hi, can I talk to Diane, please? That's the Google bot. Hi Diane I'm calling on behalf of John to schedule an appointment for what the appointment for you to come pick up your belongings from John's apartment Excuse me John would like you to remove your belongings from his apartment. What are you talking about? I'm very sorry, but John has decided to end your relationship Is this a joke put John on the phone? I'm sorry So that's that's how you could use the Google bot, right? So for example if you had a political problem, you just call a thousand Google bots and to address the problem So it's quite clearly it's interesting, but I think technology is what I call hell when you know, it could be heaven It could be hell clearly I Mean every technology is can be used for good or bad things and the thing about technology is that technology doesn't want anything It doesn't have any desire. It just it just does the job and so this is an interesting point What are we going to do in the world that will be full of technology every time you turn around at the doctor For media for music for films for television for for banking for insurance for government I was just in Dubai a couple days ago and the government wants to use artificial intelligence to scan every person To make sure that things are secure Well, then you can say well clearly security and freedom are kind of connected I mean it's a huge issue who decides And so I think ultimately this is going to what I call hell then you know on Twitter if you're on Twitter hell and heaven And we have to decide which way we want to go with this and what exactly it means So in this world I'm quite excited about it and I often say the future is better than we think You know in Europe where I live, there's so many people who are worried about the future And why is that? Well climate change Politics unemployment, but the most common answer I get I think this would be of interest to you in India People are saying well first the robots will come and take our job especially IT jobs and Second the robots will kill us Because they're going to be evil. So that's the fear here, but I think that the future is better than that There's only one thing we have to do We have to keep that power somehow in relationship to what we want We have to harness the power Not stop the power Be very difficult to stop that anyway So I'll give you some reasons for my optimism. I Think it was the next 20 years Technology will enable us to tackle a lot of long-standing problems like energy We're going to move into a world of abundant energy So John mentioned earlier Spotify same thing. We're going to have unlimited Solar energy unlimited possibilities. I mean India is one of the leaders here. So that's Definitely a good market to get into we're going to have a long lifespan longevity Many people are saying the kids of your kids Let's say, you know average age your 30 or so They will live to be a hundred years old. I Mean we're all dramatically getting older. We're going to get into vertical farming Here's a project in I think this is called JV city It's a project for growing Vegetables and so in a high-rise here in India could feed a hundred thousand people So if this happens mind-boggling changes that we're going to see but here's the challenge We're going to collaborate with technology all the time and it could be that sometimes there's things that are not going to be So easy we have to define a sustainable balance between humans and machines You know what sustainable means in the sense of environment. I'm talking about our brain It is not sustainable for us for example to be constantly connected to a high input of data It makes us sick Have you tried multitasking if you're not 15 years old? I mean most people cannot multitask just like they cannot go without sleep Multitask is very difficult for humans and Also, the real challenge is you know technology is exponentially exploding and we're not We're still the same We're going to get older. We live better But we're you know, we're not going to compete with machines So take the example of medical care, right? We're going to see this as the future everything that we are and what we stand for can be Expressed in numbers our genes our biomes And that is where medical is going But if it means this, you know as a second step, I think this is good, but as the next step this idea of us constantly connecting and giving our data becoming sort of a cyborg That's for me pretty clear. No, I don't think we're going to gain much here. So who decides what the difference is? When your art artar is called right art artar your card in your card, right when that connects the medical data How can you be sure what happens with it? It's a very very big question a discussion We have to have because I think too much of a good thing can be a very bad thing And that way technology is kind of like any drug Whether it's alcohol or smoking or coffee Too much of a good thing is a very bad thing. I mean today technology has become the religion The mobile phone is the new God so to speak I mean it's interesting that we see the power of technology with artificial intelligence telling us what to do What street to take what date to make what stock to buy Who to vote for at a certain point? We have to think about okay. That's interesting But what if technology becomes this huge brain that knows everything everywhere? What about our own brain? Do we still need our own brain in the future? That's an interesting question Because you know we can obviously tap into the global brain We can find out everything we want and we can have this natural evolution towards being superhuman Well, unfortunately, of course at the end of this chain We may have some issues with that The best example today is Facebook Facebook started off at being a useful tool for us and in fact in India many people are selling their services to Facebook Of course, it's become the the platform, but now Facebook has its own purpose You know what the purpose of Facebook is to take my data Put it into a giant engine and algorithm and sell it to somebody That's the purpose of Facebook and Facebook has been extremely successful If you had invested in Facebook in the beginning, you would have made the most money of any stock you can buy So it's a real I mean this future is Interesting. It's it's basically determined by these game changes. I'll show you exactly what's happening here, but in This future we're at a takeoff point of exponential power There was so many things 10 years ago that we didn't think we're working Like the paperless office cloud computing all the stuff. That's completely normal and now it's working science fiction is becoming science fact Language translation cloud computing interfaces and these are the eight game changers So in a company like yours That's your turf those eight game changes. I mean as these are most powerful drivers McKinsey says a value shift of roughly a hundred trillion dollars And so that basically means data everything cloud everything smart connected Computing quantum computing 3d printing Blockchain and virtual reality I mean if you put all of those together It's like warp drive And none of that actually worked until now and now it's all starting to happen So very powerful stuff. Here's three things to remember for your immediate future Data is the new oil AI is the new electricity and the Internet of Things is the new nervous system. I Mean that's what your company is betting on obviously This is where everything is going So this is really powerful stuff But think about the consequences of this world right now You're looking at the list of the 20 most powerful companies in the world the Ford the top four companies here They have more money than the GDP of France These four companies could buy France They're probably not going to think about that but who knows But I mean look at this they're more powerful than gas and oil and banking ever was and Where are the Indians? Of course in those companies there are many people from India Probably most of them are from India But Yes, thank you, but on the other hand, of course, there's no company listed as being in the end right so This is basically what's happening. We're seeing this becoming the driver and of course, you know that India is moving up Roughly in a couple years two decades to be number two worldwide Dominating the world's top ten companies economies. So I think this is what India is going to bet on clearly So that that would be the easy way of looking at it But I think I have a more complex way to offer because basically what we're doing is we're building a new intelligence We're connecting everything cars traffic environmental sensors Advertising marketing everything is becoming connected. That is called a meta intelligence right an intelligence of intelligence extremely powerful and Also extremely concerning security safety ethics control Those are issues that we're going to have to look at when we build things like this We already have ethical issues with the autonomous car. I think it about how it's going to decide. This is China a software called sense video and The China this software is monitoring everyone Roughly 800 million Chinese people who are in the system and the face recognition Recognizes who you are and if you cross the light when it's red They sent you a ticket via email You call that progress. I'm not so sure that's progress It's certainly interesting for the government But this will be my view a little bit too far on the scale of being too intelligent and this is really what we're doing We're building something like our own nervous system in the sky That's pretty amazing, but at the same time we have to think about you know, how does it how about those things? Security protection privacy digital rights. I mean at this I could fill the entire page with those things and Who is investing in this? Me do you see many companies saying that our future is going to be the protection of citizens It's all about enablement and progress. I think that's good But we have to ask a question we have to ask the question. How do we solve those things? because now we have just like When we talked about energy The side effects of energy the externalities pollution We're now at roughly 500 ppm's in the atmosphere, which means the next 20 years all of us are going to be quite busy dealing with the consequences If we do the same thing with digital technology What are the side effects? I can tell you for example the power users of social networks Have the highest suicide rate in the world Another world the more your time you spend on social networks the more likely you are to kill yourself Putting it bluntly. That's what the research says The more time you spent Going into devices, you know the loneliness the addiction all those things are externalities. They're also growing exponentially So what it comes down to is for us right here in this room today? This is the question how we're going to do something if we do it, you know What is the effect how much money does it make but in a very short time? This is the key question ten years If you're an engineer you got five or so happy years for dealing with how to do stuff But then it's going to be about why you're doing it and Who who can you trust? I think you say you always said earlier, you know We're going from the engineering culture to the experience culture And that's obviously not exclusive, you know, they go together, but this is the key question This is what we have to ask the question Ultimately why and who is doing it and this is the question that I call in my book the question of digital ethics Now many of you may say, okay ethics, you know behavior values That's nice nice to have if you can afford it The German poet Bertolt Brecht once said Dinner first then morals. Let's make some money first and worry about the rest later But let me ask you a simple question Is being human optional Are we going to make money first and then worry about being human that would be a very stupid position to take Because what good would the money be if we're no longer human? I mean bots don't buy things So this is something for us to think about which way we'll be heading Especially here for India. This is a key question. I Mean India is betting very heavily on these three things data AI the Internet of Things But I think we should make another bet I wish I'd make a bet about this about putting the human back into the system About finding a way to put the human inside Sorry something wrong with my clicker here So I want to talk to you about humans and machines as well and figure out where that's going for us And what it does for us. So the bottom line of this is You know, we're going into a world where it's two poles where it's about what I call algorithms and Andro rhythms the human things and I think the human things we all know it's very hard to describe what they are That's what makes us. I Mean data is all about accuracy and deficiency, but humans really are not about being efficient Humans are about feelings emotions the things that make us human Ultimately the things that make a difference and when we talk about artificial intelligence It's a great definition from Demis Hassab is from DeepMind who said that AI is computer systems that turn information and data into knowledge Think about this for a second if the computer can take data and information and make knowledge from it Isn't that kind of what we are Knowledge If a computer can actually think and find patterns, wouldn't it be kind of what we do? And and what is the difference to that in which way would it go and how would it actually intact? I mean that is a key question. I think for our future when we talk about this Are we going to become? useless humans. I don't think so. I Think the fact that computers will become smart Prevent assist Does not mean we're going to be useless But there's going to be some of our jobs our routines that the computer can do So if you're in bookkeeping or financial advice or driving a car or working in the grocery store The machines will learn it and this is one of the key questions. What do we actually do when that happens? When the machine can learn information Like this machine here For example, IBM Watson can read 1.2 million books a minute 1.2 million books. So I used to study philosophy And if I imagine I would feed all the philosophy books into IBM Watson Of course, they aren't really 1.2 million philosophy books, right? But anyway, he would read them in like half a second. Is IBM Watson a philosopher? When he's read all the books I think we would all agree that that's that will be a stretch I could ask IBM Watson what what's on page 45 of John Paul Sartre and he would know But could he explain the world to me? That's the difference. I think we really have to keep in mind what makes us human Ultimately which way we're going as being human and what exactly Such my clicker here for a sec. What exactly that means for us going forward So I think it's important for us to remember that data and information is not knowledge It is a kind of knowledge If a computer has information about data and facts like, you know Helping doctors to decide it doesn't mean it's really understanding. It doesn't mean it's wisdom or its purpose And we have to keep this in mind when we work with software At a certain point we still need to do the things that we need to do Because I think I believe this very strongly. I don't know if you're with me on this, but humans aren't machines. I Think you would agree mostly in Europe and in India we agree on this But in Silicon Valley people are saying yeah humans are machines. They're just very fancy machines We don't know how they work, but ultimately it's the same thing. I Think we have to be very careful on this I give you a great example Jeff Bezos who we are I think all admire for his prowess He keeps saying this, you know for years he talked about how data drives all of his decisions. I Could always understand this but last week he came up with a new statement He says all of my best decisions in business and life Have been made with hard intuition and guts and not analysis So I could say Jeff please make up your mind, which which is it? What should I study? What should I teach my kids and I think you know the answer the reality is we always do both We always work with hard intuition gut, you know the hard set not just the mindset. It's only about both It's about finding a way to combine them. That's ultimately the most important So anyway, I was talking about what Jeff Bezos was doing And I think he realized at a certain point that this is really our realization That machines don't understand relationships and it's also something that I've seen in the past next slide, please I've Noticed in the past that we tend to confuse this. I mean when we think about humans This is kind of what we are and we have purpose. We have passion We have curiosity do machines really understand this, you know, there's a great saying I forgot who originally said this is that if you torture data long enough, it will confess to anything in other words Data is interesting, but what we are I give you an example You know when when you're talking to your kids when they're coming home from school They can give you information about their day and their grades. That's called information But when you talk to your son and your son looks like it's grinning wildly and you realize that your 12 year old son Has fallen in love for the first time That's here. That's Understanding that's going deeper than data next slide, please. That's very good You've seen all of this right these these newspaper articles talk about your jobs This is talking about India automation to kill off 70% of IT jobs next one, please And of course you've heard this before Now, what's the truth behind this next one, please? I know I have too many animations to talk about the next slide now, but Bottom line really is this you know, we have to get used to this anything that can be digitized Will be Any routine machines will learn any routine in the next 10 years So it started with manufacturing then it's going to be about accounting and bookkeeping and all of those things But I think really what's happening here is that this is not the end of work It's the start of a new kind of work. If your job is a hundred percent routine This will be difficult But McKinsey study just a couple months ago showed that only five percent of all jobs can be completely automated even drivers Even bookkeepers People who do kind of jobs at every drudgery work right next slide, please So really what we have to do here is we have to think about this as our future Moving into what I call human only work And this you know for my own work this became really important Years ago. We used to write research reports, you know the future of Switzerland the future of whatever And customers bought it for 10,000 euros And now if you want to know about the future of Switzerland or whatever you go to Twitter You ask questions you go to Google Trends and very soon you go to IBM Watson In fact IBM Watson is a futurist You can ask about the future next slide, please so going to human only work. That's really important I think it has great impact on our education systems, especially in India. I think India graduates Last number I know 1.2 million engineers a year roughly That's quite a few and This is on this side next slide, please We're looking at traditional education being very heavily focused on this Next one, please. I think we're going to see a change here Going back to Education that is human only in my book. I call this hecky Humanity ethics creativity. You're a little bit too fast on the slides there. Thank you Well, we're gonna get this worked out in an old-fashioned interface here That's very important. I think we need to spend the same money and teaching our kids about being human Then we teach them about being in tech And imagine this in 10 years. I think what people will want mostly from us is human intelligence I mean, I talked to a lot of HR people human resources and this is what they tell me they want people with emotional intelligence with EQ This is an interesting cause of you know, how technology is changing education next one, please and The next one, please So here's our basic challenge and we talked about this for quite a bit sometime now. Yeah, please next one, please Okay When we talk about technology, we always get to the question of who's in charge of things. I Mean the best example is what Facebook is doing to democracy We thought social media was going to be liberating our opinions and Now it turns out it's actually worked too well and now it's manipulating our opinion Now we have to think about ethics and here's a great definition of ethics It's the difference between what you have the right to do and what is the right thing to do And who of you knows what is the right thing to do? This is a somewhat difficult question Even for me, I would say okay I'm gonna think about this in which context would I make the same decision again and who decides next slide, please And how exactly does it work? So Gardner the research company said that digital ethics is the number one topic for 2019 here's some examples next one, please It's basically talking about this thing becoming all of a sudden a real concern for people How do we interact with technology? What does it do next one, please? And how exactly does it work? You see a company like telephonic other one of the most powerful phone companies in the world They deal they have a department of 20 people that do nothing, but think about how technology is changing society You have this organization here called the partnership on AI Where tech companies are trying to figure out what the future brings next one, please and Now of course, this is what's happening like quantum computing You heard about Microsoft and IBM and many others are doing this basically when when quantum computing becomes real You can only imagine the kind of super push we're going to see here I mean these machines can handle a million times the data At amazing speed next slide, please So we're going to see lots and lots of things for example the convergence of biology and technology So far if you want to have your DNA done, it's about a thousand dollars To do a DNA screening and it takes four weeks Using a quantum computer it would take ten seconds and cost five dollars Imagine the kind of world that we're going to see next one, please So here's our challenge on technology is not good or bad itself It's what we do with it And since you are in a tech business, you're at the control of this. What is good? What's bad? great example I'm trying to get this right That is a great example of saying yeah, it could be good or it could be terrible, right? I personally I think it seems to be mostly good, but I've heard the debate about it and What exactly does that mean who's in control of this next one, please and how do we actually figure this out? I mean we have huge numbers already in a crease next one, please. We have what's called the India stack Lastly successful. That's a great example How do we make sure these technologies do the right thing? and Who's in charge? so Tim Cook the CEO of Apple said something very interesting four weeks ago. He said technology can do great things But it does not want to do great things It doesn't want anything So that's I think for us a good lecture because we can say okay Our technology can do amazing things, but we have to we have to give it the mission and we have to make it do great things That's a very important a question for our future next one, please So I want to talk about some societal changes keep rolling. Thank you Bottom line is this technology would not solve societal or political problems in fact it will make them worse Not so fast Thank you You're getting there. I have to buy you a beer later, but The potential number of jobs being displaced. I mean look at India right India's right the number two And that row I mean we're talking about a huge societal shift next month, please how inequality for example has increased Since technology has taken off It's it's no accident that by the beginning of the internet, you know 20 years later 30 years later We have more inequality I don't know if that's a good idea. It's probably not something we can easily fix next one, please But then we see for example what's happening with this information and fake news So if we want to fix technology to do the right thing It's going to take a bit more than just building it We have to create a framework the next one, please And and this is you can start the animation right in the next button, please This shows you the landscape of artificial intelligence and what AI has already reached. I mean, it's a mind-boggling Development we can see AI can play jeopardy. It can play chess. It can play poker I mean, it's mind-boggling what has already been achieved. I think we should stop. However at a certain level Should we really make computers that can really be like humans? I Think that could be both dangerous and also probably very unnecessary Because there's lots of work to be done down here So I think that's something we should think about I have been proposing a moratorium on Artificial general intelligence your computers that can be like us I think that would be quite a mistake for us to move in that direction next one, please So lots of examples shown that basically artificial intelligence, of course India is very hot on this now And is the biggest moneymaker ever? It's also a big weapon now for the military and If we look at this and we have to say that because of these promises of you know some hundred trillion dollars It will take a lot of understanding and wisdom and collaboration and I think India could take a leading position here To talk not just about the power of artificial intelligence, but what is it supposed to do and? How is it going to keep us safe next month, please? Bottom line really is this you know if you're looking at this Animation here that a lot of the things are good, but at the very end It's not so good and it may dehumanize us it may make us forget who we are It may ultimately come to the point of where we give up because technology is doing everything next one, please So this is what I'm proposing I'd like to propose a future test For every politician every public official everybody that's in charge of anything is to understand the future To have a test like a driver's license so can you drive the future? I don't know how many politicians would be left after that test But you know I think this will be a good way forward to think about how we can solve that problem next month Please because here's the problem. I technology has this natural progression as Steve jobs like to say the technology is magic But then it becomes sort of manic and at some point it becomes toxic, right? So it's very it's great if we can use what's episode to make free phone calls And then it's a bit manic if we post an Instagram every 14 seconds But if we sit around dinner and everybody at the table has two devices You know and not talking to each other. That's called toxic poisoning How do we make sure that this works? So when you think about technology what you're building the key question is to ask is this still magic or Is it already toxic? So much tech that's being built today is toxic The other day I checked out I went to a toy store and I ran across this Barbie doll called hello Barbie Okay, it's off the shelf now for some reason, but hello Barbie connects to the cloud So that your child can talk to the doll like it was a person And the child learns phrases and the doll learns the phrases like it's like Siri and the Barbie doll Very popular in the US So what is the child that's five year old five years old what does a child learn from a doll like this? It learns a couple basic things first other people are pretty stupid Because the doll is pretty stupid and second the doll always repeats only they sort of mantras at a program into it It's like saying on Instagram. Everybody's a rock star. It's like a complete variation of reality So Martel removed the doll is no longer being sold Because of all these conversations about being a toxic toy Confusing people next one, please So the there's a company called the future of life that's funded by Elon Musk It's an organization that talks about AI They have some pretty good rules that I want to propose to you for your development in the future First all systems must be developed to be compatible with human rights freedoms and dignity next one, please Second they have to share the benefits We're going to distribute the slides later if we can actually make that work So you can take photos if you want it has to be an ecosystem that's being created and the last one Next one, please is Responsibility I think this may be news to you But I think those that design and develop and build systems are in the end also moral stakeholders This is a thing that we have to think about You know 10 years ago we said our job is to just build stuff that works And today we're sitting here saying your stuff works pretty well And now we're going to build more stuff And then we have to think about what it does and how it does it You know when you listen to mark zuckerberg talk about what he wants facebook to be It's pretty clear that he's realizing that he's built a monster And basically what he wants to do he wants to demonstrarize facebook I mean that's a that's a pretty heavy job next one, please So I think we have to think about this the future for us is leadership in digital ethics In the ethics of technology and I've proposed this in europe and also in brussels many times We need a digital ethics council I know india has lots of councils on digital transformation and ai Can we have a council on the future of us? What matters to us I think that would be a good idea next one, please So I'll give you some summary and some action items and Then we can have some coffee. So next one, please In a nutshell, this is my future. I'm proposing on the book which I didn't get to talk about but we have the books here later I think it's awesome humans to use a good old american word On top of amazing technology I think a future without technology Is neither likely nor desirable And it's very undesirable. I think for us to go back in technology I think what we have to do is put the human back inside And think about what we really want the next one, please So I think india could take a global leadership role here To say how do we use technology for the good of people for the collective good? How do we put the human back in the middle? And then invest some real money in this not just in engineering But also in the experience right because when you think about the shift from from engineering to experience Part of experience is being human And to remain human the next month, please I talked about heaven and hell earlier We have to make the right choices today. I think we're setting up our future to be heaven or hell right now We still have five years ten years. It's not At the end of that paradigm. We're not in black mirror yet or in sky net I think we should be proactive But we should also use caution when it's important next month, please In my book, I set this forth as the final sort of idea We need to embrace technology but not become it We need to use technology to do what it's supposed to do But remain human Next one, please So that's uh my bottom line and thanks very much for listening. Thank you