 Hello friends, myself Mr. Iliya R. Sandani, assistant professor from Department of Electronics Walchen Institute of Technology, Solapur. Today, we are going to see the topic design of auditorium and studios from the subject audio video systems. So, what are the learning outcomes from this particular topic? At the end of this topic, student is able to define acoustics and reverberation. He can also calculate absorption coefficient, reverberation time for effect efficient, acoustic effect. He can also design acoustic for auditorium and studios. So, what is auditorium? So, an auditorium is nothing, but it is a room which is built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. One of the most example is of movie theaters, the number of auditoria or it is expressed in terms of number of screens. Auditoria is nothing, but it can be found in an entertainment venues which basically consist of community halls and theaters and these may be used for rehearsal and presentation, learning arts and learning spaces. So, these are some of the images of auditorium. You can see that these all are the auditoriums, but they are having different kind of the structure. So, we are going to see further how these are classified or what are the types of auditorium. So, this is the history of auditorium basically as you can see here. This is the audit or these are the auditoriums which were used and which are called as western theaters for outline plans and chronology. So, these were the primitive, these were the Greek type of auditorium structure, these were the Greek classical. Then there was the holistic, then came the Roman type of auditoriums and then these were the different Roman odiums which are called as Roman odiums and nowadays we are using such kind of auditorium designs. So, basically here as you can see here it is a single stage, here it is this particular auditorium is having multiple stage, this is having a personic stage, then there is a theater type of auditorium which was developed by Shakespeare, then there is a grand, then there are many more. So, as you can see here this particularly denotes the auditorium, the darker section basically denotes the orchestra and the very much darker denotes the stage of the auditorium. So, this is a brief history of auditorium, how the design of the auditorium changed from the ancient to the modern culture. So, types of auditorium. So, first one as you are looking at is the arena theater, here as you can see the stage is at the center whereas the audiences are at the side of the stage, are at the side of the stage. So, stage is at the center hence this is the stage for the performance. So, this is the next theater type which is nothing but porcinium theater type which has a particular design as you can see here when you compare these two here the top roof is a flat kind of a surface whereas the top roof of this auditorium is curved in nature and also the sitting arrangement is also curved in nature and here is your main stage where the performance takes place right. Next type is thrust theater as you can see here this basically consists of the stage and the stage is divided into upper and below stage. So, here is the above section or the first floor of the stage this is the ground floor of the stage that means in this the performance also the performance basically takes place at the first stage and at the ground stage also that means at the same time two characters or two or many characters can play can act their role on the first and the ground stage also. Then comes the flexible theater here it is also this particular theater is also called as black box why because these stages are often big and are as empty boxes which are painted black inside and the stage and the seating positions are not fixed instead each can be altered to suit the needs of the play or the or by the type of director who is going to utilize this space. So, these are the types of auditorium. So, what are the terms basically used in auditorium design the first is porcini or porcinium a porcinium is nothing but the area of the theater surrounding the stage opening surrounding the stage opening it is arc like structure over this particular area and it this particular plane or this particular surrounding gets divide basically what it does it divides the performer and the spectators. So, it is called as a porcinium then there is the aisle is nothing but the walkway between each area rows of seat to permit ease of passage. So, this area is much more greater than or equal to 45 mm. So, the this is called as aisle. So, drop stage it is a stage floor that moves vertically on the elevator usually so that one can set quickly replace another. So, one set or as we know in auditorium or when performance takes place there are n number of sets which are which are which are decorated. So, if one set needs to be taken out and another set is to be put up then this particular drop stage can be utilized. Next is tormentor is nothing but a curtain or a frame structure which is used directly behind the porcinium at each side of the stage to screen the wings and side lights from the audience. So, here what we are using here we are basically using a curtain or frame like structures. So, what is gangways a passage it is a passage between two rows of seat. It is the passage between two rows of seat the minimum distance between the two rows should be 1100 mm. Similarly, there is another term which is called as orchestra pit where it is a hollow structure where the musicians are basically sitting and then the music is played in front of the stage. Then comes the balcony from where a spectator can watch the performance from the balcony he can directly view the performance on the stage. Next is cyclorama it is the exterior of the backdrop and basically a distinct distinction between backstage and the main stage. Fire curtains basically these are made up of asbestos or fireproof material these can be lowered whenever there is there are fire incidences right. Green room this is the important room where the this is basically provided at the backside of the stage or the studio where it basically acts as the waiting room or lounge for the performance for the performers before and after performances and during the show when they are not engaged on the stage. So, what are the principles of designing a auditorium. So, first one is site selection and planning here what we are going to do we are going to select a quiet place and then we are going to plan the design of auditorium. The second point is also important size and shape of auditorium here what we decide we decide the height width and ventilation parameters which are required for auditorium. Auditorium sitting basically it is a staggered type of sitting where no obstacle should be there in the vision of the spectator and the performer. Next is sitting capacity basically this depends upon the format or the design of auditorium length of rows also play an important role. So, what are the standards for length of role. So, maximum number of seats per aisle or per row should be 25 exit and escape routes. So, these should be 1 meter wide for about 150 people. Floor and stage properties basically the floor should be raised to the rare and depends on the type of performance to take place or to cater. Sight lines normally it should be unobstructed line of sight between the intended observer and the stage wall properties. These walls should be always in a flat or a convex structure. So, that multiple reflections of the sound can occur and then the sound can reach to the last person sitting in the last aisle or row. Backstage and services in auditorium these are nothing but the auditorium basically should be attached with backstage and services in auditorium basically these are related to daily utilities such as washrooms and some snacks corner and anything. Next fire and line safety for emergency purposes there should be fire and life safety proper stage ventilation should be provided similarly the 13th point is also important sound insulation high quality of acoustic treatment for sound should be used and hence the sound should be uniformly divided. What is recording studio a recording studio is basically assembling of equipment and spaces and persons such that the sound should be created and recorded. Here reverberation time plays an important role in designing recording studios as we have studied reverberation time basically it collects it is nothing but the time period of the reflected sounds which is calculated in auditorium also it is a desirable property whenever we are designing the recording studios. So, this is the reverberation sound is nothing but collection of the reflected sound and these are the multiple reflections which reach to the person sitting at the center. So, due to such designs enclosure effect it is good to have a good absorbent material hence it is called as acoustically dead. So, these are the references for you people for the further study. Thank you for watching the video.