 After Omsushen, senior consulted neurologist of Monipal Hospital, Salt Lake Kolkata. Dimensia is a degenerative disease. It is a progressive impairment of intellectual function with impairment of memory, also with personality changes resulting from organic diseases of brain. It interferes with the activities of daily living. The impairment in the cognitive functions can pass to various pages. There may be mild decline, there may be moderate decline, there may be moderate to severe decline, there may be severe decline in the cognitive function or there may be very severe decline in the cognitive functions. Now, what are the symptoms which is a patient present to us? There is a decline in the memory function and also impairment of judgement. There is a difficulty in speaking in some cases and expressing their thoughts. Sometimes a patient gets lost in the familial environment. There is a lack of interest in the activities of daily living. And they may act impulsively. Sometimes they do not hear about the other's feelings. There are many causes of dementia. The commonest cause is the Alzheimer's disease. Next comes a counter-temporal dementia. Other causes include vascular dementia, lewey body dementia and sometimes mixed dementia. Hunting stent disease, Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's plus syndrome. There are other reversible causes of dementia like normal pressure hydrocephalus, chronic subdural hematoma. Hypothyroidism should also be investigated. In a patient with dementia, we have to do a detailed cognitive assessment. Also, a detailed neurological examination is necessary to find underlying cause. For example, the patient may have Parkinson's disease. He may have stroke or Huntington's disease. Investigations include imaging of the brain. In some cases, we need to do a CSF study. EG is also helpful in some cases. Regarding the biochemical examination, we have to do the routine blood and the biochemical tests. The two drugs recently approved by the FDA are Lacanimab and Donanimab. They can be useful in the early stages of dementia. There are side effects of the drugs. Also, apart from the medical treatment, we have to do a cognitive therapy. Rehabilitation is very important because the patient may have difficulty in walking, difficulty in passing urine. So, a caregiver's approach is very essential in the treatment of dementia. And we have to find out the triggering factors which can aggravate dementia. For example, in the COVID pandemic, prolonged isolation triggered the manifestations of dementia. Sometimes, the patient may have behavioral problems like depression, agitation, hallucination, delusions. In this case, we have to treat them accordingly. Some antipsychotic medications have to be given and this can help in the treatment of the particular behavioral problems. In a nutshell, dementia is a progressive degenerative disease. So many causes of dementia are there. We have to identify the cause and treat them accordingly. For example, a patient may have HIV dementia, a traumatic brain encephalopathy after major head injury. Alzheimer's disease is a common cause of dementia in our country. So, apart from the drugs and cognitive therapy, we have to be very sympathetic towards our patients and cheer up them. Apart from medical treatment, cognitive therapy, music therapy is important in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. So, you must respect the patient and give him tender care. Thank you.