 2, 1. Good day everybody. Dr. Sanyal, Professor, Department Chair. We have the eyeball exentrated eyeball in front of us and I am going to in real time dissect out every layer of the eyeball as we can see starting from the conjunctiva through the cornea to the lens and mention a few Syrian points about each of them. So let's start off with the layer that we see in front of us, that is the conjunctiva. We can see that this is the conjunctiva which is slightly edematous and this condition is known as conjunctival chemosis. This is the superior phonics of the conjunctiva. This is the inferior phonics of the conjunctiva. This is where tear collects and then it drains. When the tear drains, we can see a curved fold of the conjunctiva. This is known as the pleica semilonaris and we can see a small conjunctival elevation near the medial canthus of the eye. This is known as lacrimal caruncle. Tears temporarily collect in this triangular space on the medial canthus of the eye and this triangular space is called the lacus lacrimalia or the lacrimal leg and after that it drains away. So having mentioned that I am going to lift up the conjunctiva, slice it open. Incidentally this procedure which I am going to do right now, this is the very first step lifting up a conjunctival flap which is done in cataract surgery. So let's go ahead. I have made a slice of the conjunctiva and I have lifted up a flap of conjunctiva. What you see in front of you is the flap of conjunctiva. Incidentally this space under the conjunctiva and the sclera, this is called the sub conjunctival space and this is the place where we have what is a very common condition known as sub conjunctival hemorrhage. If there is a blunt trauma to the orbit, blood may collect and it forms a flame-shaped hemorrhage with the apex of the flame towards the cornea and the base of the flame is usually not visible because it is hidden under the orbit and that is known as a sub conjunctival hemorrhage which is not very uncommon condition. So this is a picture to show you sub conjunctival hemorrhage. Another most common condition of the conjunctiva which all of you are familiar with is conjunctivitis where the conjunctiva gets inflamed usually due to a viral infection and it becomes red and hyperamic that is conjunctival inflammation also known as conjunctivitis. This is another picture of conjunctivitis to show conjunctival inflammation and hyperemia and this is an enlarged view of the previous picture and you can see the hyperamic blood cells very clearly. Now I am slicing the conjunctiva and I am removing it from the surface. This is the sub conjunctival space under the conjunctiva and I am slicing the conjunctiva away from the under legs clear up. Now we can see the sub conjunctival space much more clearly and my instrument has gone under the sub conjunctival space and I am slicing it. I am slicing it at the corneal skeletal junction. Now I am slicing the conjunctiva from the superior aspect. In a living specimen we will see small blood vessels in this region where my instrument is located but here because there is a cadaver we cannot see anything because they have all been ex-sanguinated. I am still slicing open the conjunctiva and my instrument is travelling in the sub conjunctival space that is between the conjunctiva and the screera. One condition which involves the conjunctiva is called pinga killer where there is a nodular swelling on the conjunctiva. This is a picture of a pinga killer on the nasal conjunctiva of a patient and yet another condition that is called teresium where there is a vascularized growth on the conjunctiva extending from one eye margin towards the corneal skeletal junction. The exact cause is not known. This is a diagrammatic representation of a teresium on the nasal conjunctiva. Now I am again slicing the conjunctiva from the inferior aspect and on the temporal aspect. The last bit of the conjunctiva is left which I am going to remove. So now I have completely removed the conjunctiva all around the white of the eye. This is the so-called white of the eye is the screera and we have completely exposed the screera all around. My instrument has gone under the conjunctiva. This is the sub conjunctival space. It is the space between the conjunctiva and the screera. I am just separating the conjunctiva from the underlying screera so that we can see the screera much more clearly.