 Section 52 of London Labour and the London Poor, Volume 2 by Henry Mayhew. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain, recording by Gillian Henry. The Street Order, Part 4 Of the Jet and Hose system of scavenging. There appeared at the present time a bent in the public mind for an improved system of scavengery, until the ravages of the cholera in 1832 and again in 1848 roused the attention of the government and of the country. Men seemed satisfied to dwell in dirty streets and to congratulate themselves that the public ways were dirtier in the days of their fathers. A feeling or a spirit which has no doubt existed in all cities from the days of those original scavengers. The vultures and hyenas of Africa and the East, the agitants of Calcutta and the Hawks, the common glades or kites of this country and which we are told in the days of Henry VIII, used to fly down among the passengers to remove the awful of the butchers and polterers stalls in the metropolitan markets and in consideration of which services it was forbidden to kill them. Down to the mechanical sweeping of the streets of London and even to Mr. Cochran's excellent street orderlies. Besides the plan suggested by Mr. Cochran, whose orderlies cleanse the streets without wetting and consequently without dirtying the surface by the use of their watering cart, there is the opposite method proposed by Mr. Lee of Sheffield and other gentlemen who recommend street cleansing by the hose and jet. That is to say by flushing the streets with water at a high pressure, as the sewers are now flushed and so by washing rather than sweeping the dirt of the streets into the sewers through the momentum of the stream of water dispensing altogether with the scavengers broom, shovel and cart. In order to complete this account of the scavenging of the streets of London I must in conclusion say a few words on this method, advocated as it is by the Board of Health and sanctioned by scientific men. By the application of a hose with a jet or water pipe attached to a fire plug, the water being at high pressure, a stream of fluid is projected along the street surface with force enough to wash away all before it into the sewers. While by the same apparatus it can be thrown over the fronts of the houses. This mode of street cleansing prevails in some American cities, especially in Philadelphia, where the principal thoroughfares are said to be kept admirably clean by it, while the fronts of the houses are as bright as those in the towns of Holland, where they are washed not by mechanical appliances, but by water thrown over them out of scoops, by hand labour. One of the instances of the minute and indefatigable industry of the Dutch. It is stated in one of the reports of the Board of Health that quote, unless cleansing be general and simultaneous, much of the dirt of one district is carried by traffic into another. By the subdivision of the metropolis into small districts, the duty of cleansing the public carriageway is thrown upon a number of obscure and irresponsible authorities. While the duty of cleansing the public footways, which are no less important, are charged upon multitudes of private individuals. Note, the grammar is the Board of Health grammar. It is a false pecuniary economy, in the case of the poorest inhabitants of Court or Alley, who obtain their livelihood by any regular occupation, to charge upon each family the duty of cleansing the footway before their doors. The performance of this service daily, at a rate of a penny per week per house or per family, would be an economy in soap and clothes to persons the average value of whose time is never less than tuppence per hour. End quote. Note, this is at the rate of two shillings a day. Did this most innocent board never hear of work yielding one shilling sixpence a week? But the sanitary authorities seem to be as fond as teetotalers of going to extremes. End note. In another part of the same report, the process and results are described. It is also stated that for the success of this method of street purification, the pavement must be good, for a powerful jet applied by the hose would scoop out hollows in unpaved places and also loosen and remove the stones in those that are badly paved. As every public place ought to be well paved, this necessity of new and good pavement is no reasonable objection to the plan, though it certainly admits of a question as to the durability of the roads, them academised especially, under this continual soaking. Sir Henry Parnell, the great road authority, speaks of wet as the main destroyer of the highways. It is stated in the report after the mention of experiments having been made by Mr. Lovik, Mr. Hale and Mr. Lee, Mr. Lee being one of the engineering inspectors of the board. That, quote, Mr. Lovik, at the instance of the metropolitan commissioners of Sewers, conducted his experiments with such jets as could be obtained from the water company's mains in eligible places, but the pressure was low and insufficient. Nevertheless, it appeared that taking the extra quantity of water required at the actual expense of pumping, the paved surfaces might be washed clean at one half the price of the scavenger's manual labour in sweeping. Mr. Lee's trials were made at Sheffield with the aid of a more powerful and suitable pressure, and he found that with such pressure as he obtained, the cleansing might be affected in one third the time, and at one third the usual expense, of the scavenger's labour of sweeping the surface with the broom. Note, this expense varies, and the board nowhere states at what rate it is computed. The scavenger's wages varying 100%, end note. The effect of this mode of cleansing in close courts and streets, it is further stated, was found to be peculiarly grateful in hot weather. The water was first thrown up and diffused in a thin sheet. It was then applied rapidly to cleansing the surface and the sidewalls, as well as the pavements. End quote. Mr. Lovick states that the immediate effect of this operation was to lower the temperature and to produce a sense of freshness, similar to that experienced after a heavy thundershower in hot weather. But there is nothing said as to the probable effect of this state of things in winter, a hard frost for instance. The same expedient was resorted to for cooling the yards and outer courts of hospitals, and the shower thrown on the windows of the wards afforded great relief. Mr. Lovick in his report on the trial works for cleansing courts states, quote, the importance of water as an agent in the improvement and preservation of health being in proportion to the unhealthiness or depressed condition of districts. Its application to close courts and densely populated localities in which a low sanitary condition must obtain is of primary importance. Having shown the practicability of applying this system, cleansing by jets of water, to the general cleansing of the streets, my further labours have been and are now directed to this end. For the purpose of ascertaining the effect produced by operations of this nature upon the atmosphere, two courts were selected. Church Passage, New Compton Street, open at both ends, with a carriageway in the centre and footway on each side, and Lloyd's Court, Crown Street, St Giles's, a close court with at one entrance a covered passage about 40 feet in length. Both courts were in a very filthy condition. In Church Passage there were dead, decaying cats and fish, with awful straw and refuse scattered over the surface. At one end an entrance to a private yard was used as urinal. In every part there were most offensive smells. Lloyd's Court was in a somewhat similar condition, the covered entrance being used as a general urinal, presenting a disgusting appearance. The whole atmosphere of the court was loaded with highly offensive effluvia. In the covered entrance this was more particularly discernible. The property of water, as an absorbent, was rendered strikingly apparent in the immediate and marked effects of its application. A purity and freshness remarkably contrasted to the former close and foul condition prevailing throughout. A test of this, striking and unexpected, was the change at different periods in the relative condition of atmosphere of the courts and of the contiguous streets. In their ordinary condition, as might have been expected, the atmosphere was purer in the streets than in the courts. It was to be inferred that the cleansing would have more nearly assimilated these conditions. This was not only the case, but it was found to have affected a complete change. The atmosphere of the courts at the close of the operations being far fresher and purer than the atmosphere of the streets. The effect produced was in every respect satisfactory and complete, and was the theme of conversation with the looker's on and with the men who conducted the operations. The expense of these operations, including water, would be, for church passage, time five minutes, one pin's hipney, Lloyd's court, time ten minutes, thruppin's and a farthing. Mr. Hale, another officer, gave a similar statement. End quote. Other experiments are thus detailed. Quote. Lacelle Court, Broad Street, St. Giles. This court was pointed out to me as one of the worst in London. Before cleansing, it smelt intolerable, sick, and looked disgusting. Besides an abundance of ordinary filth arising from the exposure of refuse, the surface of the court contained heaps of human excrement, there being only one privy to the whole court, and that not an estate to be publicly used. The cleansing operations were commenced by sprinkling the court with deodorizing fluid, mixed with twenty times its volume of water. A great change from a very pungent odor to an imperceptible smell was immediately affected, after which the refuse of the court was washed away, and the pavement thoroughly cleansed by the hose and jet. And now, this place, which before was in a state almost indescribable, presented an appearance of comparative comfort and respectability. End quote. It is stated as a result of another experiment in an ordinary wide street with plenty of traffic, that water carts and ordinary rains only create the mud which the jet entirely removes, giving to the pavement the appearance of having been as thoroughly cleansed as the private stone steps in front of the houses. With respect to Mr Lee's experiments in Sheffield, I find that Mr's guest of Rotherham are patentees of a tap for the discharge of water at high pressures, and that they had adapted their invention to the purpose of a fireplug and standpipe suitable for street cleansing by the hose and jet. Church Street, one of the principal thoroughfares, was experimentally cleansed by this process. The carriageway is from 20 to 24 feet wide, and about 150 yards long. It was washed almost as clean as a house floor in five minutes. Mr Lee expresses his conviction that by the agency of the hose and jet, every street in that populous borough might be cleansed at about one shilling per annum for each house. The principal thoroughfares, he states, could be thus made perfectly clean three times every week, before business hours, and the minor streets and lanes twice or once per week, at later hours in the day, by the agency of an abundant supply of water, at less than half the sum necessary for the cartage alone of an equal quantity of refuse in a solid or semi-fluid condition. The highways most frequented in Sheffield constitute about one half of the whole extent of the streets and roads in the borough, measuring 47 miles. This length, Mr Lee computes, might be effectually cleansed with the hose and jet, 10 miles of it three times a week, 21 miles twice a week, and 16 miles once a week, a total of 88 miles weekly, or 4,576 miles yearly. The quantity of water required would be 3,000 gallons a mile, or a yearly total of 13,728,000 gallons. This water might be supplied, Mr Lee opines, at a penny per thousand gallons, 57 pounds for shillings per annum. Although the price obtained by the Water Works Company was sixpence-hapenny per thousand gallons, 371 pounds, 16 shillings per annum. I now proceed, he says, to the cost of labour. 4,576 miles per annum is equal to 14 and 2 fifths miles for each working day, or to six sets of two men cleansing two and a half miles per day each set. To these must be added three horses and carts, and three carters, for the removal of such debris as cannot be washed away, and for such parts of the town as cannot be cleansed by this system, making a total of 15 men. Their wages I would fix at 50 pounds per annum each. The estimate is as follows. Annual interest upon the first cost of holes and pipes, three horses and carts, 30 pounds, 15 men's wages, 750 pounds, three horses' provinder, 150 pounds, wear, tear and depreciation of holes and so on, 250 pounds, management and incidentals say 120 pounds, total 1300 pounds. The estimate it will be seen is based on the supposition that the water supply should be at the public cost, and not a specific charge for the purposes of street cleansing. The 47 miles of highway of Sheffield is but three miles less than those of the City of London, the cost of cleansing which is, according to the estimate before given, no less than 18,000 pounds. The Sheffield account is divested of all calculations as to house dust and ashes, and the charge for watering carts, but taking merely the sum paid to scavenging contractors and assigning 1,000 pounds out of the 2,485 pounds as a proportion of salaries and so on under the department of scavengery in the management of the city commissioners, we find that while the expense of street cleansing by the Sheffield hose and jet was little more than 34 pounds, in London, by the ordinary mode, it was upwards of 140 pounds per mile, or more than four times as much. The hose and jet system is said to have washed the streets of Sheffield as clean as a house floor, which could not be said of it in London. The streets of the city, it should also be borne in mind, are now swept daily. Mr Lee proposes only a periodical cleaning for Sheffield, or once, twice, and thrice a week. Of the cost of the experiments made in London with the hose and jet, in Lacell, Coat and so on, nothing is said. Street cleansing by the hose and jet is then, as yet, but an experiment. It has not, like the street orderly mode, been tested continuously or systematically. But the experiments are so curious, and sometimes so startling in their results, that it was necessary to give a brief account of them here, in order to render this account of the cleansing of the streets of the metropolis as comprehensive as possible. For my own part, I must confess, the street orderly system appeared to excel all other modes of scouring, producing at once the greatest cleanliness, with the greatest employment to the poor. Nor am I so convinced as a theoretic and crotchety board of health, as to the healthfulness of dampness, or the daily evaporation of a sheet of even clean water, equal in extent to the entire surface of the London streets. It is certainly doubtful, to say the least, whether so much additional moisture might improve the public health, which the board are instituted to protect. Rain certainly contributes to cleanliness, and yet no one would advocate continued wet weather as a source of general convalescence. I shall conclude this account of the scavenging of London, with the following brief statement as to the mode in which these matters are conducted abroad. In Paris, where our system of parochial legislation and management is unknown, the scavenging of the streets, so frequently matters of private speculation with us, is under the immediate direction of the municipality, and the government publish the returns, as they do of the revenue of their capital from the abattoirs, the interments and other sources. In the monitor for December 10th 1848, it is stated that the refuse of the streets of Paris sells for 500,500 francs, 20,020 pounds, when sold by auction in the mass, and 3,800,000 francs, equal to 152,000 pounds, when, after having lain in the proper receptacles, until fit for manure, it is sold by the cubic foot. In 1823, the streets of Paris were leased for 75,000 francs, 3,000 pounds, per annum. In 1831 the value was 166,000 francs, 6,640 pounds, and since 1845 the price has risen to the sum first named, namely 500,500 francs, 20,020 pounds, from which however is to be deducted the expense of cleansing and so on. I may add that the receptacles alluded to are large places provided by government, where the manure is deposited and left to ferment for 12 or 18 months. Off the cost and traffic of the streets of London. I have at page 183 of the present volume, given a brief statement of the annual cost attending keeping of the streets of the metropolis in working order. The formation of the streets of a capital like London, the busiest in the world, streets traversed daily by what Cooper, even in his day, described as the 10,000 wheels of commerce, is an elaborate and costly work. In my former account I gave an estimate which referred to the amount dispensed weekly in wages for the labour of the workmen engaged in laying down the paved roads of the metropolis. This was at the rate of 100,000 pounds per week, that is to say calculating the operation of relaying the streets to occupy one year in every five. There is no less than 5,200,000 pounds expended in that time among the work people so engaged. The sum expended in labour for the continued repairs of the roads, after being so relayed, appears to be about 20,000 pounds per week. Note, at page 183 the sum of 18,225 pounds is said to be expended in repairs annually. It should have been weekly, end note. Or in round numbers, about 1,000,000 pounds a year, so that the growth sum annually dispersed to the labourers engaged in the construction of the roads of London, would seem to be about 2,250,000 pounds. That is to say 1,000,000 pounds for repairing the old roads and 1,250,000 pounds per annum for laying down new ones in their place. It now remains for me to set forth the gross cost of the metropolitan highways, that is to say the sum annually expended in both labour and materials, as well for relaying as for repairing the roads. The granite-built streets cost, when relayed, about 11,000 pounds the mile of 10 yards width, which is at the rate of 12 shillings sixpins the square yard. Materials and labour included, the granite, Aberdeen, being 1 pound 5 shillings per tonne, and 1 tonne of 7 inch, being sufficient to cover about 3 square yards. The average cost of a macadamised road, materials and labour included, if constructed from the foundation, is about 4,400 pounds per street mile 10 yards wide. 5 shillings the superficial yard, being a fair price for materials and labour. Wood pavement, on the other hand, costs about 9,680 pounds a mile of 10 yards width for materials and labour, which is at the rate of 11 shillings the superficial yard. The cost of repairs, materials and labour included, is, for granite pavement, about a penny-hipney per square yard, or 100 pounds the street mile of 10 yards wide. For macadam, it is from sixpins to 3 shillings sixpins, or an average of 1 shillings sixpins per superficial yard, which is at the rate of 1,320 pounds the street mile. While the wood pavement costs about the same for repairs as the granite. The total cost of repairing the streets of London, then, may be taken as follows. Repairing granite-built streets, per mile of 10 yards wide, 100 pounds. Repairing macadamised roads, per street mile, 1,320 pounds. Repairing wood pavement, per street mile, 100 pounds. Or, as a total for all London, repairing 400 miles of granite-built streets at 100 pounds per mile, 40,000 pounds. Repairing 1,350 miles of macadamised streets at 1,320 pounds per mile, 1,782,000 pounds. Repairing 5 miles of wood at 100 pounds per mile, 500 pounds. Total 1,822,500 pounds. The following, on the other hand, may be taken as the total cost of reconstructing the London streets. Granite-built streets, per mile 10 yards wide, 11,000 pounds. Macadamised streets, per street mile, 4,400 pounds. Wood streets, per street mile, 9,680 pounds. Or, as a total for the entire streets and roads of London, relaying 400 miles of granite-built streets at 11,000 pounds per mile, 4,400,000 pounds. Relaying 1,350 miles of macadamised streets at 4,400 pounds per mile, 5,940,000 pounds. Relaying 5 miles of wood-built streets at 9,680 pounds, 48,400 pounds. Total 10,388,400 pounds. But the above refers only to the road, and besides this, there is, as a gentleman to whom I am much indebted for valuable information on the subject, reminds me, the foot paving, granite curb, and granite channel not included. The usual price for paving is 8 pints per foot superficial when laid. Granite curb, 1 shilling 7 pints per foot run, and granite channel 12 shillings per square yard. Now, presuming that three fourths of the roads, says my informant, have paved footpaths on each side at an average width of 6 feet, exclusive of curb, and that one half of the macadamised roads have granite channels on each side, and that one third of all the roads have granite curb on each side. These items for 400 miles of granite road, 1,350 macadamised, and 5 miles of wood, together 1,755 miles, will therefore amount to three fourths of 1,755 miles of streets paved on each side, 6 feet wide, at 8 pints per foot superficial, 2,779,392 pounds. One half of 1,350 miles of macadamised roads, with one foot of granite channel on each side, at 12 shillings per yard square, 458,537 pounds for shillings 5 pints. One third of 1,755 miles of road with granite curb on each side, at one shilling 7 pints per foot run, 489,060 pounds. Total 3,726,989 pounds for shillings 5 pints. Cost of constructing 1,755 miles of roadway, 10,388,400 pounds. Total cost of constructing the streets of London, 14,115,389 pounds for shillings 5 pints. Accordingly, the original cost of the metropolitan pavements exceeds 14 millions sterling, and calculating that this requires renewal every five years, the gross annual expenditure will be at the rate of 2,500,000 pounds per annum, which added to the 1,822,500 pounds, gives 4,322,500 pounds, or upwards of 4 millions and a quarter sterling for the entire annual cost of the London roadways. From rather extensive experience, adds my informant, in building operations, and consequently in making and paying for roads, I am of opinion that the amount I have shown is under, rather than above, the actual cost. In a great many parts of the metropolis, the roads are made by the servants of a body of commissioners appointed for the purpose, and from dear bought experience, I can say they are a public nuisance, and would earnestly caution speculating builders against taking building ground or erecting houses in any place where the roads are under their control. The commissioners are generally old retired tradesmen, and have very little to occupy their attention, and are often quite ignorant of their duties. I have reason to believe too that some of them even use their little authority to gratify their dislike to some poor builder in their district, by meddling and quibbling, and while that is going on, the houses which have been erected can neither be let nor sold, so that as the bills given for the materials keep running, the builder, when they fall due, is ruined, for his creditors will not take his unlet houses for their debts, and no one else will purchase them until let, for none will rent them, without proper accesses. I feel certain that in those parts where the roads are made by commissioners, three times more builders, in proportion to their number, get into difficulties than in the districts where they are permitted to make the roads themselves. The paved ways and roads of London then, it appears, cost in round numbers ten million pounds sterling, and require nearly two million pounds to be expended upon them annually for repairs, but this is not the sole expense attendant upon the construction of the streets of the metropolis. Frequently in the formation of new lines of thoroughfare, large masses of property have to be bought up, removed, and new buildings erected at considerable cost. In a return made pursuant to an order of the Court of Common Council, dating 23rd October 1851, for, quote, an account of all moneys which have been raised for public works executed, buildings erected, or street improvements effected, out of the cold duties receivable by the Corporation of London, in the character of trustees for administration or otherwise, since the same were made chargeable by Parliament for such purposes in the year 1766, end quote, the following items are given relating to the cost of the formation of new streets and improvements of old ones. Street improvements forming new thoroughfares, building the bridge across the River Thames from Blackfriars in the City of London to Upper Ground Street in the County of Surrey, now called Blackfriars Bridge, and forming the avenues there, too, and embanking the north abutment of the said bridge, entrusted to the Corporation of the City of London. Amount raised for public works and so on, 210,000 pounds. Making a new line of streets from Moorfields opposite Chiswell Street towards the east into Bishopsgate Street, now Crown Street and Sun Street, also from the east end of Chiswell Street, westward into Barbican, Corporation of the City of London, 16,500 pounds. Making a new street from Crispin Street near Spittlefields Church into Bishopsgate Street, now called Union Street, in the City of London and in the County of Middlesex, commissioners named in Act 18 George III, C 78, 9,000 pounds. Opening communications between Wapping Street and Ratcliffe Highway and between Old Gravel Lane and Virginia Street, all in the County of Middlesex, commissioners appointed under Act 17 George III, C 22, 1,000 pounds. Formation of Farringdon Street, removal of Fleet Market and erection of Farringdon Market in the City of London, Corporation of the City of London, 250,000 pounds. Formation of a new street from the end of Coventry Street to the junction of Newport Street and Longacre, Cranburn Street, continuing the line of street from Waterloo Bridge, already completed to Bow Street, Upper Wellington Street, and thence northward into Broad Street, Holburn, and thence to Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury, extending Oxford Street in a direct line through St Giles's, so as to communicate with Holburn at or near Southampton Street, New Oxford Street, also widening the northern and southern extremities of Lemon Street, Goodman's Fields, and forming a new street from the northern side of Whitechapel to the front of Spittlefields Church, Commercial Street, and forming a new street from Rosemary Lane to East Smithfield, near to the entrance of the London Docks. Also formation of a street from the neighbourhood of the Houses of Parliament towards Buckingham Palace in the City of Westminster, Victoria Street, all in the County of Middlesex. Also formation of a line of new street between Southark and Westminster Bridges in the County of Surrey, Her Majesty's Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues, £665,000. Note, the commissioners of Her Majesty's Woods have been authorised to raise further monies on the credit of the duty of a penny per tonne for further improvements in the neighbourhood of Spittlefields, but the Chamberlain is not officially cognisant of the amount. End note. Forming a new street from the northern end of Victoria Street, Hoburn, formed by the Corporation to Clarkinwell Green, all in the County of Middlesex, Clarkinwell Improvement Commissioners, £25,000. Formation of a new line of streets from King William Street, London Bridge to the south side of St Paul's Cathedral, by widening and improving Cannon Street, making a new street from Cannon Street near Bridge Row to Queen Street, and another street from the west side of Queen Street in a direct line to St Paul's Churchyard, and widening Queen Street from the junction of the said New Street to Southark Bridge, also improving Hoburn Bridge and Field Lane, and affecting an improvement in Grace Church Street and Ship Tavern Passage, all in the City of London, Corporation of the City of London, £500,000. Finishing the new street left incomplete by the Clarkinwell Improvement Commissioners from the end of Victoria Street, Farringdon Street, to Coppers Row, Clarkinwell, all in the County of Middlesex, Corporation of the City of London, £88,000. Total cost of forming the above-mentioned new thoroughfares, £1,764,500. Improving existing thoroughfares. Improving existing approaches and forming new approaches to New London Bridge, namely in High Street, Tule Street, Montague Close, Pepper Alley, White Horse Court, Checker Court, Chaingate, Churchyard Passage, St Saviour's Churchyard, Carter Lane, Boreshead Place, Prying Pan Alley, Green Dragon Court, Joiner Street, Red Lion Street, Counter Street, Three Crown Court, and the East Front of the Town Hall, all in the Borough of Southark. Also ground and premises at the north-west foot of London Bridge, Upper Thames Street, Red Cross Wharf, Malts Wharf, High Timber Street, and Broken Wharf, Swan Passage, Churchyard Alley, Site of Fishmongers Hall, Great East Cheep, Little East Cheep, Star Court, Fish Street Hill, Little Tower Street, Idol Lane, St Mary at Hill, Crooked Lane, Miles Lane, Threaton Alley, Warren Court, Cannon Street, Grace Church Street, Bellyard, Martins Lane, Nicholas Lane, Clements Lane, Abchurch Lane, Sherbourne Lane, Swithins Lane, Corn Hill, Lombard Street, Dove Court, Fox Ordinary Court, Old Post Office Chambers, Mansion House Street, Princes Street, Coleman Street, Coleman Street Buildings, Moorgate Street, London Wall, Lothbury, Token House Yard, King's Arms Yard, Great Bell Alley, Packers Court, White's Alley, Great Swan Alley, Crown Court, George Yard, Red Lion Court, Catetown Street, Gresham Street, Milk Street, Wood Street, King Street, Basing Hall Street, Houndsditch, Lad Lane, Thread Needle Street, Aldgate High Street, and Maiden Lane, all in the City of London, Corporation of the City of London, £1,016,421, £18,000, and a penny. Widening and improving the entrance into London near Temple Bar, improving the Strand and Fleet Street, and formation of Pickett Street, and for making a new street from the East End of Snow Hill to the bottom of Hoburn Hill, now called Skinner Street, Corporation of the City of London, £246,300. Widening and improving Dirty Lane and part of Brick Lane, leading from Whitechapel to Spittlefields, and for paving Dirty Lane, Petticoat Lane, Wentworth Street, Old Montague Street, Chapel Street, Princess Row and so on, all in the County of Middlesex, commissioners appointed by the Act 18, George III, C-80. £1,500. Widening the avenues from the minarees through Goodman's Yard into Prescott Street, and through Swan Street and Swan Alley into Mansell Street, and from Whitechapel through Somerset Street into Great Mansell Street, all in the County of Middlesex, commissioners named in Act 18, George III, C-50. £1,500. Total cost of improving the above-mentioned thoroughfares, £1,265,721,18 shillings under penny. Paving, paving the road from Aldergate Bars to Turnpike in Goswell Street in the County of Middlesex, commissioners, sewers and so on of the City of London, £5,500. Completing the paving of the Town Borough of Southark and certain parts adjacent, commissioners for executing Act 6, George III, for paving Town and Borough of Southark, £4,000. Total cost of paving the above-mentioned thoroughfares, £9,500. Hence the aggregate expense of the preceding improvements has been upwards of £3 million sterling. I have now, in order to complete this account of the cost of paving and cleansing the thoroughfares of the metropolis, only to add the following statement as to the traffic of the principal thoroughfares in the City of London, for which I am indebted to Mr Haywood, the City Surveyor. By the subjoined return, it will be seen that there are two tides, as it were, in the daily current of locomotion in the city, the one being at its flood at 11 o'clock a.m., after which it falls gradually till 2 o'clock, when it is at its lowest ebb, and then begins to rise gradually till 5 o'clock, when it reaches its second flood, and then again begins to decline once more. The point of greatest traffic in the city is London Bridge, where the conveyances passing and repassing amount to £13,099 in the course of 12 hours. Note, at page 185, the traffic of London Bridge is stated to be 13,000 conveyances per hour, instead of per 12 hours. Of these, it would appear that 9,351 consist of one-horse vehicles and equations, 3,389 of two-horse conveyances, and only 359 of vehicles drawn by more than two horses. One-horse vehicles would seem to be between two and three times as many as the two-horse, which form about one-fourth of the whole, while those drawn by more than two horses constitute about one-sixtieth of the entire number. The return does not mention the state of the weather on the several days and hours at which the observations were made, nor does it tell us whether there was any public event occurring on those days which was likely to swell or diminish the traffic in individual proportions. The table, moreover, it should be remembered, is confined to the observations of only one day in each locality, so that we must be guarded in receiving that which records a mere accidental set of circumstances, as an example of the general course of events. It would have been curious to have extended the observations throughout the night, and so have ascertained the difference in the traffic, and also to have noted the decrease in the number of vehicles passing during a continuously wet, as well as a showery day. The observations should be further carried out to different seasons in order to be rendered of the highest value. Mr Haywood and the city authorities would really be conferring a great boon on the public by so doing. End of section 52 Section 53 of London Labour and the London Poor, volume 2 by Henry Mayhew. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain, recording by Julian Henry. Street traffic, table showing the number of vehicles and horses passing through certain thoroughfares within the city of London, between the hours of 8am and 8pm, upon certain days during the year 1850. 8th of July 1850, Temple Bar Gate. Hour ending 9am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 230, by two horses 61, by three horses or more 20. Hour ending 10am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 292, by two horses 192, by three horses or more 42. Hour ending 11am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 448, by two horses 235, by three horses or more 21. Hour ending 12am, sick. Vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 505, by two horses 222, by three horses or more 30. Hour ending 1pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 460, by two horses 218, by three horses or more 13. Hour ending 2pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 415, by two horses 230, by three horses or more 19. Hour ending 3pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 550, by two horses 231, by three horses or more 10. Hour ending 4pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 496, by two horses 237, by three horses or more 4. Hour ending 5pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 470, by two horses 255, by three horses or more 13. Hour ending 6pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 435, by two horses 219, by three horses or more 17. Hour ending 7pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 329, by two horses 200, by three horses or more 8. Hour ending 8pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 405, by two horses 198, by three horses or more 11. Hour ending 9am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 250, by two horses 65, by three horses or more 12. Hour ending 10am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 380, by two horses 166, by three horses or more 6. Hour ending 11am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 480, by two horses 181, by three horses or more 9. Hour ending 12, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 530, by two horses 154, by three horses or more 14. Hour ending 1pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 453, by two horses 160, by three horses or more 10. Hour ending 2pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 435, by two horses 158, by three horses or more 13. Hour ending 3pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 373, by two horses 150, by three horses or more 12. Hour ending 4pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 270, by two horses 100, by three horses or more 7. Hour ending 5pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 639, by two horses 251, by three horses or more 25. Hour ending 6pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 330, by two horses 111, by three horses or more 4. Hour ending 7pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 615, by two horses 209, by three horses or more 17. Hour ending 8pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 219, by two horses 92, by three horses or more 6. 10th of July 1850, Ludgate Hill by Pilgrim Street. Hour ending 9am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 268, by two horses 76, by three horses or more 17. Hour ending 10am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 290, by two horses 170, by three horses or more 16. Hour ending 11am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 454, by two horses 261, by three horses or more 13. Hour ending 12, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 420, by two horses 210, by three horses or more 6. Hour ending 1pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 530, by two horses 256, by three horses or more 3. Hour ending 2pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 330, by two horses 180, by three horses or more 4. Hour ending 3pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 400, by two horses 221, by three horses or more 7. Hour ending 4pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 288, by two horses 242, by three horses or more 1. Hour ending 5pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 375, by two horses 235, by three horses or more 9. Hour ending 6pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 360, by two horses 220, by three horses or more 4. Hour ending 7pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 330, by two horses 210, by three horses or more 3. Hour ending 8pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 214, by two horses 202, by three horses or more 4. 11th of July 1850, New Gate Street by Old Bailey. Hour ending 9am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 250, by two horses 59, by three horses or more 11. Hour ending 10am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 360, by two horses 155, by three horses or more 13. Hour ending 11am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 433, by two horses 184, by three horses or more 11. Hour ending 12pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 367, by two horses 137, by three horses or more 5. Hour ending 1pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 390, by two horses 156, by three horses or more 9. Hour ending 2pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 377, by two horses 155, by three horses or more 5. Hour ending 3pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 390, by two horses 167, by three horses or more 7. Hour ending 4pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 525, by two horses 201, by three horses or more 12. Hour ending 5pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 390, by two horses 177, by three horses or more 5. Hour ending 6pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 415, by two horses 142, by three horses or more 6. Hour ending 7pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 337, by two horses 126, by three horses or more 4. Hour ending 8pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 250, by two horses 136, by three horses or more 8. 12th of July 1850, Aldersgate Street by Fan Street. Hour ending 9am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 140, by two horses 20, by three horses or more 8. Hour ending 10am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 198, by two horses 52, by three horses or more 11. Hour ending 11am, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 150, by two horses 44, by three horses or more 14. Hour ending 12, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 147, by two horses 36, by three horses or more 13. Hour ending 1pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 165, by two horses 40, by three horses or more 9. Hour ending 2pm, vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 180, by two horses 49, by three horses or more 6. 6. Our Ending 3pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 150 by two horses 32 by three horses or more 12. Our Ending 4pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 172 by two horses 40 by three horses or more 7. Our Ending 5pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 187 by two horses 36 by three horses or more 12. Our Ending 6pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 185 by two horses 40 by three horses or more 8. Our Ending 7pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 175 by two horses 44 by three horses or more 10. Our Ending 8pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 141 by two horses 46 by three horses or more 11. 13th of July 1850 Cheapside by Foster Lane. Our Ending 9am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 345 by two horses 110 by three horses or more 18. Our Ending 10am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 483 by two horses 301 by three horses or more 21. Our Ending 11am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 703 by two horses 385 by three horses or more 36. Our Ending 12 vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 768 by two horses 390 by three horses or more 11. Our Ending 1pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 680 by two horses 334 by three horses or more 6. Our Ending 2pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 664 by two horses 336 by three horses or more 9. Our Ending 3pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 665 by two horses 338 by three horses or more 4. Our Ending 4pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 730 by two horses 339 by three horses or more 7. Our Ending 5pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 671 by two horses 427 by three horses or more 8. Our Ending 6pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 645 by two horses 303 by three horses or more 16. Our Ending 7pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 482 by two horses 319 by three horses or more 7. Our Ending 8pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 271 by two horses 212 by three horses or more 9. 15th of July 1850 pull tree by mansion house Our Ending 9am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 287 by two horses 103 by three horses or more 24. Our Ending 10am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 437 by two horses 315 by three horses or more 10. Our Ending 11am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 654 by two horses 398 by three horses or more 19. Our Ending 12 vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 690 by two horses 373 by three horses or more 17. Our Ending 1pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 680 by two horses 358 by three horses or more 5. Our Ending 2pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 595 by two horses 337 by three horses or more 9. Our Ending 3pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 548 by two horses 321 by three horses or more 6. Our Ending 4pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 575 by two horses 330 by three horses or more 5. Our Ending 5pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 565 by two horses 381 by three horses or more 10. Our Ending 6pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 505 by two horses 310 by three horses or more 10. Our Ending 7pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 455 by two horses 344 by three horses or more 3. Our Ending 8pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 292 by two horses 299 by three horses or more 4. 16th of July 1850, Finsbury Pavement by South Place. Our Ending 9am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 185 by two horses 63 by three horses or more 14. Our Ending 10am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 252 by two horses 123 by three horses or more 10. Our Ending 11am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 330 by two horses 138 by three horses or more 7. Our Ending 12 vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 250 by two horses 129 by three horses or more 8. Our Ending 1pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 243 by two horses 115 by three horses or more 6. Our Ending 2pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 223 by two horses 118 by three horses or more 4. Our Ending 3pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 184 by two horses 107 by three horses or more 2. Our Ending 4pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 215 by two horses 128 by three horses or more 4. Our Ending 5pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 340 by two horses 135 by three horses or more 8. Our Ending 6pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 300 by two horses 159 by three horses or more 16. Our Ending 7pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 242 by two horses 142 by three horses or more 16. Our Ending 8pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 140 by two horses 101 by three horses or more 3. 17th of July 1850 Corn Hill by Royal Exchange. Our Ending 9am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 98 by two horses 56 by three horses or more 7. Our Ending 10am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 172 by two horses 177 by three horses or more 15. Our Ending 11am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 252 by two horses 210 by three horses or more 17. Our Ending 12 vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 270 by two horses 184 by three horses or more 7. Our Ending 1pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 275 by two horses 208 by three horses or more 4. Our Ending 2pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 253 by two horses 180 by three horses or more 8. Our Ending 3pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 305 by two horses 185 by three horses or more 3. Our Ending 4pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 276 by two horses 172 by three horses or more 3. Our Ending 5pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 255 by two horses 206 by three horses or more 7. Our Ending 6pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 242 by two horses 180 by three horses or more 8. Our Ending 7pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 177 by two horses 176 by three horses or more 1. Our Ending 8pm vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 186 by two horses 140 by three horses or more 1. 18th of July 1850 Thread Needle Street. Our Ending 9am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 47 by two horses 47 by three horses or more 4. Our Ending 10am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 67 by two horses 77 by three horses or more 1. Our Ending 11am vehicles drawn by one horse under questions 162 by two horses 97 by three horses or more 3. 3. Our Ending 12. Vehicles drawn by one horse under questions. 160 by two horses, 50 by three horses or more, 4. Our Ending 1pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse under questions. 160 by two horses, 50 by three horses or more, 1. Our Ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse to questions 120 by 2 horses 32 by 3 horses or more 2 our ending 3 p.m. vehicles drawn by 1 horse under questions 164 by 2 horses 46 by 3 horses or more 2 our ending 4 p.m. vehicles drawn by 1 horse under questions 157 by 2 horses 37 by 3 horses or more 1 our ending 5 p.m. vehicles drawn by 1 horse under questions 150 by 2 horses 45 by 3 horses or more 3 our ending 6 p.m. vehicles drawn by 1 horse under questions 157 by 2 horses 45 by 3 horses or more 3 our ending 7 p.m. vehicles drawn by 1 horse under questions 115 by 2 horses 30 by 3 horses or more 3 our ending 8 p.m. vehicles vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 77 by 2 horses 31 by 3 horses or more 0 19th July 1850 Grace Church Street by St Peter's Alley hour ending 9am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 202 by 2 horses 50 by 3 horses or more 6 hour ending 10am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 200 by 2 horses 99 by 3 horses or more 23 hour ending 11am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 308 by 2 horses 113 by 3 horses or more 18 hour ending 12 vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 320 by 2 horses 175 by 3 horses or more 12 hour ending 1pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 295 by 2 horses 87 by 3 horses or more 10 hour ending 2pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 330 by 2 horses 81 by 3 horses or more 12 hour ending 3pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 360 by 2 horses 93 by 3 horses or more 11 hour ending 4pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 375 by 2 horses 123 by 3 horses or more 18 hour ending 5pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 302 by 2 horses 135 by 3 horses or more 24 hour ending 6pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 310 by 2 horses 113 by 3 horses or more 13 hour ending 7pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 253 by 2 horses 79 by 3 horses or more 6 hour ending 8pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 250 by 2 horses 75 by 3 horses or more 6 20th of July 1850 Lombard Street by Bircham Lane hour ending 9am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 121 by 2 horses 15 by 3 horses or more 1 hour ending 10am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 87 by 2 horses 28 by 3 horses or more 2 hour ending 11am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 140 by 2 horses 12 by 3 horses or more 4 hour ending 12 vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 174 by 2 horses 14 by 3 horses or more 0 hour ending 1pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 160 by 2 horses 9 by 3 horses or more 0 0. Our ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 215 by two horses, 15 by three horses or more, 2. Our ending 3pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 227 by two horses, 9 by three horses or more, 1. Our ending 4pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 283 by two horses, 20 by three horses or more, 1. Our ending 5pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 223 by two horses, 20 by three horses or more, 0. Our ending 6pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 180 by two horses, 26 by three horses or more, 3. Our ending 7pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 115 by two horses, 15 by three horses or more, 0. Our ending 8pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 94 by two horses, 12 by three horses or more, 0. 22nd of July, 1850. Bishops gate within by Great St. Helens. Our ending 9am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 194 by two horses, 58 by three horses or more, 7. Our ending 10am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 253 by two horses, 144 by three horses or more, 11. Our ending 11am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 323 by two horses, 164 by three horses or more, 13. Our ending 12. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 277 by two horses, 143 by three horses or more, 10. Our ending 1pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 260 by two horses, 125 by three horses or more, 11. Our ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 164 by two horses, 70 by three horses or more, 4. Our ending 3pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 320 by two horses, 113 by three horses or more, 6. Our ending 4pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 287 by two horses, 140 by three horses or more, 5. Our ending 5pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 380 by two horses, 150 by three horses or more, 11. Our ending 6pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 320 by two horses, 123 by three horses or more, 7. Our ending 7pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 270 by two horses, 127 by three horses or more, 7. Our ending 8pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 222 by two horses, 120 by three horses or more, 3. 23rd of July, 1850, London Bridge. Our ending 9am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 519 by two horses, 139 by three horses or more, 22. Our ending 10am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 744 by two horses, 339 by three horses or more, 45. Our ending 11am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 955 by two horses, 334 by three horses or more, 43. Our ending 12. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 820 by two horses, 274 by three horses or more, 30. Our ending 1pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 775 by two horses, 296 by three horses or more, 23. Our ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 765 by two horses, 255 by three horses or more, 28. Our ending 3pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 793 by two horses, 284 by three horses or more, 24. Our ending 4pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 845 by two horses, 305 by three horses or more, 30. Our ending 5pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 975 by two horses, 336 by three horses or more, 33. Our ending 6pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 970 by two horses, 305 by three horses or more, 33. Our ending 7pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 680 by two horses, 264 by three horses or more, 18. Our ending 8pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 510 by two horses, 258 by three horses or more, 30. 24th of July, 1850, Bishops Gate Street, without, by City Boundary. Our ending 9am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 148 by two horses, 51 by three horses or more, 4. Our ending 10am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 197 by two horses, 121 by three horses or more, 11. Our ending 11am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 310 by two horses, 134 by three horses or more, 3. Our ending 12. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 170 by two horses, 109 by three horses or more, 7. Our ending 1pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 191 by two horses, 112 by three horses or more, 4. Our ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 243 by two horses, 96 by three horses or more, 3. Our ending 3pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 285 by two horses, 97 by three horses or more, 8. Our ending 4pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 231 by two horses, 103 by three horses or more, 1. Our ending 5pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 309 by two horses, 113 by three horses or more, 8. Our ending 6pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 305 by two horses, 126 by three horses or more, 8. Our ending 7pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 203 by two horses, 112 by three horses or more, 8. Our ending 8pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 177 by two horses, 99 by three horses or more, 3. 25th of July, 1850. Altgate High Street by City Boundary. Our ending 9am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 335 by two horses, 68 by three horses or more, 22. Our ending 10am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 291 by two horses, 111 by three horses or more, 20. Our ending 11am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 292 by two horses, 115 by three horses or more, 10. Our ending 12. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 287 by two horses, 145 by three horses or more, 10. Our ending 1pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 300 by two horses, 135 by three horses or more, 10. Our ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 249 by two horses, 123 by three horses or more, 7. Our ending 3pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 260 by two horses, 112 by three horses or more, 17. Our ending 4pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 274 by two horses, 122 by three horses or more, 13. Our ending 5pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 248 by two horses, 141 by three horses or more, 16. Our ending 6pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 276 by two horses, 110 by three horses or more, 15. Our ending 7pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 220 by two horses, 100 by three horses or more, 11. Our ending 8pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 190 by two horses, 96 by three horses or more, 3. 26th of July, 1850. Leadon Hall Street, Rear of East India House. Our ending 9am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 193 by two horses, 45 by three horses or more, 13. Our ending 10am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 272 by two horses, 141 by three horses or more, 16. Our ending 11am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 388 by two horses, 196 by three horses or more, 11. Our ending 12. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 340 by two horses, 150 by three horses or more, 5. Our ending 1pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 415 by two horses, 168 by three horses or more, 11. Our ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 385 by two horses, 171 by three horses or more, 7. Our ending 3pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 353 by two horses, 158 by three horses or more, 14. Our ending 4pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 387 by two horses, 172 by three horses or more, 10. Our ending 5pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 295 by two horses, 166 by three horses or more, 5. Our ending 6pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 390 by two horses, 183 by three horses or more, 15. Our ending 7pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 292 by two horses, 139 by three horses or more, 6. Our ending 8pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 260 by two horses, 152 by three horses or more, 6. 27th of July, 1850. East Cheep by Philpot Lane. Our ending 9am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 274 by two horses, 35 by three horses or more, 26. Our ending 10am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 293 by two horses, 40 by three horses or more, 13. Our ending 11am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 340 by two horses, 46 by three horses or more, 12. Our ending 12. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 320 by two horses, 34 by three horses or more, 18. Our ending 1pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 340 by two horses, 27 by three horses or more, 11. Our ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 300 by two horses, 28 by three horses or more, 15. Our ending 3pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 310 by two horses, 38 by three horses or more, 20. Our ending 4pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 345 by two horses, 40 by three horses or more, 8. Our ending 5pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 340 by two horses, 43 by three horses or more, 15. Our ending 6pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 280 by two horses, 58 by three horses or more, 11. Our ending 7pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 230 by two horses, 59 by three horses or more, 5. Our ending 8pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 109 by two horses, 16 by three horses or more, 3. 29th of July, 1850. Tower Street by Mark Lane. Our ending 9am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 132 by two horses, 22 by three horses or more, 15. Our ending 10am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 180 by two horses, 37 by three horses or more, 5. Our ending 11am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 220 by two horses, 32 by three horses or more, 10. Our ending 12. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 220 by two horses, 39 by three horses or more, 12. Our ending 1pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 260 by two horses, 26 by three horses or more, 6. Our ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 270 by two horses, 39 by three horses or more, 15. Our ending 3pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 252 by two horses, 34 by three horses or more, 4. Our ending 4pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 226 by two horses, 26 by three horses or more, 10. Our ending 5pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 230 by two horses, 39 by three horses or more, 13. Our ending 6pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 195 by two horses, 34 by three horses or more, 9. Our ending 7pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 137 by two horses, 25 by three horses or more, 2. Our ending 8pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 94 by two horses, 16 by three horses or more, 4. 30th of July, 1850. Lower Thames Street by Bottle Flane. Our ending 9am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 79 by two horses, 7 by three horses or more, 2. Our ending 10am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 117 by two horses, 10 by three horses or more, 3. Our ending 11am. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 153 by two horses, 15 by three horses or more, 7. Our ending 12. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 90 by two horses, 7 by three horses or more, 8. Our ending 1pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 83 by two horses, 21 by three horses or more, 1. Our ending 2pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 100 by two horses, 8 by three horses or more, 0. Our ending 3pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 100 by two horses, 15 by three horses or more, 3. Our ending 4pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and a question, 130 by two horses, 13 by three horses or more, 4. Our ending 5pm. Vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 143 by two horses 23 by three horses or more two. Our ending 6 p.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 100 by two horses 15 by three horses or more six. Our ending 7 p.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 52 by two horses 14 by three horses or more three. Our ending 8 p.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 40 by two horses four by three horses or more two. 31st of July 1850 Black Friars Bridge. Our ending 9 a.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 268 by two horses 42 by three horses or more 17. Our ending 10 a.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 280 by two horses 78 by three horses or more 23. Our ending 11 a.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 409 by two horses 99 by three horses or more 10. Our ending 12 vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 393 by two horses 89 by three horses or more 34. Our ending 1 p.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 365 by two horses 78 by three horses or more 22. Our ending 2 p.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 253 by two horses 65 by three horses or more 18. Our ending 3 p.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 302 by two horses 73 by three horses or more 10. Our ending 4 p.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and equestrians 340 by two horses 66 by three horses or more 10. Our ending 5 p.m. vehicles drawn by one horse and Equestrians 450 by 2 horses 103 by 3 horses or more 17 our ending 6pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 446 by 2 horses 87 by 3 horses or more 15 our ending 7pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 361 by 2 horses 89 by 3 horses or more 13 our ending 8pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 265 by 2 horses 66 by 3 horses or more 6 1st of august 1850 upper tem street rear of queen street our ending 9am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 97 by 2 horses 28 by 3 horses or more 15 our ending 10am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 172 by 2 horses 43 by 3 horses or more 12 our ending 11am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 126 by 2 horses 28 by 3 horses or more 11 our ending 12 vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 160 by 2 horses 42 by 3 horses or more 21 our ending 1pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 160 by 2 horses 35 by 3 horses or more 10 our ending 2pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 120 by 2 horses 31 by 3 horses or more 9 our ending 3pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 125 by 2 horses 33 by 3 horses or more 6 our ending 4pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 160 by 2 horses 44 by 3 horses or more 9 our ending 5pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 185 by 2 horses 52 by 3 horses or more 16 our ending 6pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 241 by 2 horses 54 by 3 horses or more 17 our ending 7pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 139 by 2 horses 25 by 3 horses or more 12 our ending 8pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 71 by 2 horses 13 by 3 horses or more 9 2nd of august 1850 smithfield bars our ending 9am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 180 by 2 horses 16 by 3 horses or more 7 our ending 10am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 206 by 2 horses 18 by 3 horses or more 6 our ending 11am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 180 by 2 horses 16 by 3 horses or more 6 our ending 12 vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 254 by 2 horses 14 by 3 horses or more 9 our ending 1pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 252 by 2 horses 18 by 3 horses or more 6 our ending 2pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 232 by 2 horses 19 by 3 horses or more 4 our ending 3pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 305 by 2 horses 20 by 3 horses or more 9 our ending 4pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 250 by 2 horses 11 by 3 horses or more 6 our ending 5pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 305 by 2 horses 17 by 3 horses or more 6 our ending 6pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 265 by 2 horses 20 by 3 horses or more 4 our ending 7pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 269 by 2 horses 10 by 3 horses or more 9 our ending 8pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 145 by 2 horses 14 by 3 horses or more 0 3rd of august 1850 fenchurch street our ending 9am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 175 by 2 horses 20 by 3 horses or more 11 our ending 10am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 198 by 2 horses 60 by 3 horses or more 4 our ending 11am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 205 by 2 horses 41 by 3 horses or more 7 our ending 12 vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 298 by 2 horses 39 by 3 horses or more 6 our ending 1pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 240 by 2 horses 45 by 3 horses or more 8 our ending 2pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 223 by 2 horses 39 by 3 horses or more 7 our ending 3pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 220 by 2 horses 46 by 3 horses or more 6 our ending 4pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 267 by 2 horses 54 by 3 horses or more 6 our ending 5pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 300 by 2 horses 57 by 3 horses or more 7 our ending 6pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 215 by 2 horses 36 by 3 horses or more 8 our ending 7pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 193 by 2 horses 53 by 3 horses or more 3 our ending 8pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 516 by 2 horses 28 by 3 horses or more 1 totals our ending 9am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 517 by 2 horses 1256 by 3 horses or more 303 totals for the hour ending 10am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 6421 by 2 horses 2997 by 3 horses or more 339 total for the hour ending 11am vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 8415 by 2 horses 3478 by 3 horses or more 315 totals for the hour ending 12 vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 8230 by 2 horses 3159 by 3 horses or more 297 totals for the hour ending 1pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 8132 by 2 horses 3077 by 3 horses or more 199 totals for the hour ending 2pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 7441 by 2 horses 2815 by 3 horses or more 210 totals for the hour ending 3pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 7941 by 2 horses 2923 by 3 horses or more 204 totals for the hour ending 4pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 8104 by 2 horses 3065 by 3 horses or more 182 totals for the hour ending 5pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 8727 by 2 horses 3543 by 3 horses or more 273 totals for the hour ending 6pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 8067 by 2 horses 3019 by 3 horses or more 256 totals for the hour ending 7pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 6671 by 2 horses 2911 by 3 horses or more 175 totals for the hour ending 8pm vehicles drawn by 1 horse and equestrians 5138 by 2 horses 2426 by 3 horses or more 133 end of section 53