 So can I have your attention, please? Thank you, everyone, for being here, for being so late. First of all, can I have a big round of applause for all of you for being here and for the organizers, please? Thank you, guys, for making it possible for us. And thanks to each and every one of you who has traveled far across the corners of the world to make it that corn for success. So today, I'm talking here about if you can measure it, you can't improve it. All of us know that open source communities, they are into boom now. My friend Prathmesh, he told us about the community management. But if in case the health of a community, it cannot be measured in terms of whether it is ill or it is healthy, whether we are achieving the projects. If yes, whether that is done in a healthy way, in the sense that the people who are working into the community, are they happy with it or they are being forced to do it, you know? They are different aspects of life if you are living it for just for the sake of living or you are happily living it. So that is how it is being measured, not only with the achievements of the projects, but also with the people who are involved in a community. So going to the next slide, who have seen this, Mr. Bean? Any of you know about him? So what do you think? Has Mr. Bean been able to measure any of the things in the different episodes correctly? Has he been able to do it well? Not really, right? He's famous for doing the things imperfectly. But what was the outcome of his life? He did his job very perfectly, right? That was to make everyone else happy. And that he did with the content of his heart, right? So now, going back to the evolution of open source, here. So I have a quick question, how many of you are a part of open source? Okay. For more than one year? How many for more than one year? Five plus years? Wow, 10 plus years? Oh wow, handful of people. Okay, so if you asked me five years ago, when I was in graduation, I was doing my engineering, Linux was the operating system which was introduced to us by my professors and our labs were completely shut off. We didn't have even a single computer which demonstrated about Linux. They were all windows. So if you asked me in the earlier era, down the line six years or seven years, if you ask a graduation child or somewhere else, there was a very strong skepticism saying that no other open source than Radhaar could even have a slow fake in the open source era, right? We had very dominating industries like Microsoft for the operating system for which the people had to pay rent in terms of getting the licensed copy from them. And then developers were engaged into the different projects which they were forced to do it in order to take the company to the next level. That was the time when we were talking to the generation one. The next generation was when Linux was adopted as the operating system strongly by the audiences and my SQL took over the database of the industry being dominated by Oracle. That was the generation. What was the difference between the generation one and generation two then? In generation two, the software development was being done confined in a community in a very broad spectrum in the sense that it was not being into the hair wire lying here and there but it was getting very much organized with the licensing coming in force, right? And who can guess what is generation three now? Do you know about SAS? Software as a Service, Hybrid Cloud? Here we are in generation three then. Here we are providing the software as a service where the Hybrid Cloud OpenShift OpenStack has come at the next level when we are providing the customers the Private Cloud and the Public Cloud access, right? What do you think has been the key contribution for evolution of the open source? The very lively example is the acquisition of Red Hat by IBM for 34 billion USD, right? Which is almost four times the time when we began with, right? Right now, Cloud era and Hortonworks, they are the booming next markets for the generation three markets. There was also a time when cockroach was nowhere being mentioned, even nobody heard of it except an insect which we can, you know, thought of but it is one of the booming industry right now for the open source. Now coming here, if I make a comparison between the business attributes, then you can see the market size for the closed source. It was very much large in generation one. For example, Microsoft dominated it like anything. Only a handful of people who were very much passionate about open source, they were even experimenting with Linux. They were not even in favor of going ahead and adopting it in the full-fledged because they did not believe as if this is going to be existing any more in coming future. Though it was a robust one, but they wanted it in such a fashion in which the Microsoft were driving it. But here in 2019, where the third generation came in, the innovation velocity was very high for third generation, whereas for the closed source industries, it is very low right now. What do you think about the innovation velocity to be very fast? Because the brilliant minds like you who are ready to contribute to open source, they are really working on right now. There is a scope of innovation in the sense that if I have an idea and if it is proving to be good, no matter from what the level it is coming because there is no top to down approach. How many of you have worked in industries apart from open source? Okay. So how do you find this culture to be different from the ones? Do you find any difference? Okay. Okay. Do something you keep in mind that a lot of people will see what you are doing. Yeah. That's quick and dirty solution. Okay. Means you feel recognized about it, right? The things which you are doing that you feel that you have been recognized and rewarded for it, right? And there is a sense of contentment for the same for what you do, right? So I'll just share an experience while I was working with the previous industry, though I won't name it here. But when I worked for the particular industry for complete three years, but I got to meet my manager on the day of leaving when I was about to join Radhat. But in Radhat, I'm having my weekly syncups. This is not only about the managerial side, but how does it impact? So just imagine an employee who met his or her manager on the day of leaving and that was just a very formal way of saying good boy. And he said, I wish I could have some more time with you. And what was the time then? I already had three years with you, right? That is how it makes a difference because in Radhat, I'm not talking only about the Radhat, but there are many other open source communities which allows you some space that is where you feel respected, right? And when you feel respected, that is whether about your idea or moral values or your work ethics, then is the time when an innovation comes into the place. And there where I see that innovation velocity is extremely high for us in third generation. If innovation would not have been in place and definitely there would not be a time when we would have been much competent with Amazon for the hybrid cloud infrastructure then, right? Because we are competent enough because we want to succeed to the next level and we are having different ideas for the same. That is how the innovation velocity is coming up. There is customer acquisition cost which is going low and it was very high in the closed structure. Now I would like to emphasize on the second last value that is the cloud first. Definitely we are on the highest side now in third generation, which was again low in first generation. First generation when Linux was being adapted by the people, there was not the time when the cloud came into the picture but now in the generation 30 days there. So what do you think is the role of the community as we had another session as well? So how many of you remember your college days or school days? How many of you have been, you know, the most favorite student in the class but the same teacher might have, you know, scolded you many of the times? Yeah? It happens. So I just share one experience that is I was in a central government school in India and there I was studying. Once I was in fifth standard where, you know, I got the first prize but I was standing in the assembly and in the assembly we have rule that you cannot talk to someone else while you are going for prayers, okay? But I was speaking to my friend and that was the moment when my class teacher, she was my most favorite teacher. She came and she slapped me in front of the whole school. Just understand the kind of impact when you are being rewarded with the most, you know, talented student in the school and then you are being slapped on your face and it's a very harsh reality for you. I could not sleep the whole night, you know. I could not digest it, how could she slap me? Even when she was my most favorite teacher, she introduced me right in front of each and everybody. But that is how the same person plays a different role into your life. From since then, I never ever spoke in prayer assembly, never. Even once I was asked to talk to somebody else, we were in the middle of a discussion. Firstly I asked my teacher who was standing on the stage, can I talk now once she signaled? Then I started speaking. The same thing happened with my mother. I was raised by my mother without my father for nine years because he was an Indian Air Force. He was transferred to different places. My mother strictly told me that whenever, I do not care where are you going, even if in case you're going to washroom, just let me know that you are going to washroom. You won't imagine if in case I am at home right now, I am 27 years old, I tell her that I'm going to washroom. Just imagine the kind of impact which I am having right now. So what does it mean to the community is that my family was an unsaid community for me, right? There are no so formal designations like, he is my manager, she is my manager, no. Many of the times we hit each other very harshly in the sense that we try to show each other some of the realities for which we are never prepared for. But other times we support each other so strongly that today if my father says something to me, it is my mother who always supports me the most. In my family, inter-caste marriages were never allowed. Just imagine today I am married to an inter-caste guy. So that is the kind of the thing because my parents, they changed over the period of time. The same parents who were very much strict for certain things, they become over the period of time very much lenient for you. The same happens for the community. For the community, some of the times, it is very imperative for the project manager to lead the project in the right direction. What does it mean that many of the times when the QA team is working on testing performance and something else, they find out many of the bugs or the request for feature enhancements for which the developer feels very irritated, right? Hey, we are doing again and again the same kind of recording. Now the more bugs are being tested and then they start feeling bad about it. But it is how the community supports each other. As my friend mentioned earlier in communities, that they are always wanting more and more tasks for themselves. The role of a committee is not only to find out the problems, what are there in the products in a feature, but also in a project, but also to support each other. For example, I'll tell you, I joined Radha at four years back. When I used to see people wearing, you know, jackets of different conferences of different countries, I used to look at them. How did he appear over there, you know? I used to feel amazed looking at them that how could he or she, when I never travel beyond India ever. But that is the community members who told me these are the various channels by using which you can do this, this, this. How can you apply? I joined Radha in technical support and there is no scope of going out if in case you're not participating in the conferences, right? That is the time when I felt as if, you know, I have a lot of people to back me up. When I moved into project management, there is a virtual mentor of mine and she really helps me out not only with how the strategy is for letting the projects moving ahead, but whether the various tools. So the role of a committee is not to win the race, ever. No, it is always to keep all the people together and how you make it a goal oriented, it is dependent on oneself. It is your attitude with matters because it is never about winning a particular race, it is about completing the task together. That is the difference between an open source and a closed source industry, right? Do I make sense still so far? Yeah? If in case anyone is feeling sleepy, please let me know. I have a quick game to play then. Okay? All right. So how to be a good corporate citizen when participating in an open source? The very first task which you have to do is find out the right set of community for yourself and just be in a rush to join that community. First task is to join the community. How will you do it as it completely depends on what kind of a contribution do you want to make? If you ask me, that is the best committee for me because I have all the kind of areas into which I can focus. If you want me to, if you ask me when I join the technical support, after a year I found it out that this is not my cup of tea and now I want to discover something else for myself. And that is how I took a time period of one year when I could really figure out what is the best for me because some of the times I found it out okay, I can be a developer because they have a nice, decent life, they do not have shifts. On the other side, I found it out that QA is a good, because I do not love coding, so I can do the testing part. Next I moved to program management. I interacted with people from different GEOs and that is when I landed with the project management because that is what I am good at. This is how you have to figure out which kind of a committee do you want to. Many of the aspects of looking at the community is the opportunities. What are the opportunities for you? What is your passion? How can you implement your knowledge or the skills or the past experiences into that community? And please join it as soon as possible. Do not waste your time, right? The second thing is understand the governments. Once you join the community, you have to understand what are the legal ethics for that, what is the framework of that particular community and then always start small. So it is how many of you would prefer to do a blunder than to do a small mistake? Blunder? Okay, you are highly risky then. Anyone else who wants to do a big mistake rather than a small one? I guess all of us wants to be on the safer side, right? So this is how if in case you are a new person to a committee, I am not saying that you should not be, you know, a facing person, you should be, but always start from a small because when you will be starting small, you will get to understand a lot of aspects of that particular community, the working fashion of it, the legal ethics, what is the culture of that community? One community always differs from the other. So it is always good to make a small mistake rather than going on a very critical project and then doing the smallest mistake but to have a larger impact. So always try to start small in a community. Once you do that, you will be having many hands to help you out. And that is how you go ahead and keep on evolving yourself to fit into the box of the community development because at the end, it is not your goal only to join the community and to avail all the benefits but also it is your job to give something to the community, right? Vultures of open source business model. So before I just go ahead into it and to the technology expect and the business side of it, I'll just share one of the story with all of you. I have been an engineering student. I was a very average kind of a student, okay? I was much more into playing, debate, extempore, everything else. I have an elder sister, we are only two sisters. My sister is highly intellectual. Right now she's getting settled in Toronto and she graduated from a government college which is a big short thing in India and then she did her MBA from IIM, that is Indian Institute of Management that is one of the most recognized institute in India, right? You can't beat that that she scored 99%ile in all India management aptitude test and I can never ever, you know, I could not believe as if she is my sister. I always used to look at her and I always found her, you know, studying like this, lying in the bed and like this. And I always used to say to my mom, hey, she is pretending to study. She's not studying. But trust me, she used to study. So when she was in stress standard, my father asked her to take biology, okay? So we have different combinations in India. You can study biology with mathematics or you can study commerce likewise. But she never wanted to study biology. Still she took it because my father very amicably asked her to study biology. And then she took biology. Again, she used to study like this and I used to feel as if she's not studying. I used to sleep thinking that she's just pretending and I scored only 83% in 10th where she scored 94% in 10th and then later on in biology, she scored 99% in biology. She got all India ranked 17th but still she wasn't happy, you know? Why? Because an openness was not given as a gift to her. But since she was a very obedient child of my parents, she never said even no to what my father asked for. So here in this situation, none of them could ever complain, you know? Neither my sister could say that you have forced anything on me. Not my father could say, hey, you never raised your voice because none of the party ever knew who is right, who wanted what. Whereas my father asked me, hey, Renu, can you go ahead and take biology? No, I'm not going to take it. It is not my cup of tea. And I took English, that's the normal language which I have with computer science because I always wanted to do engineering going further. So why I told you all of this is there is a difference between the virtual cycle of the closed source and open source. With the open source, there is an increase in the adaptability. Why? Because you are given with an option, okay? You are always being told that what is good, what is into the era right now? What is the business need? What is the technology right now? What is the upcoming technology? How do you foresee for your career? How can you contribute? What is the quality of the engineers which we see right now? Or what will be your future looking like? These are all the open ideas or openness which you guys have. And then when you work with an openness, there is a super innovation which comes to the picture. And that is how the technology keeps on revolving, right? Here for the victory cycle, virtual cycle for open source we have, if you look on the technology innovation side, we have speed innovation, drive adoption, improve reliability. As we all know that with the increased participation in open source due to X number of factors which we align to our own interest, there is an innovation which is speeding up. For example, Radhaat itself, I do not imagine even my colleague Pratmesh, he's a very much, he's an extraordinary example for all of us for the Mozilla contributions in India. But I do not want to or maybe I never wish to look forward beyond Radhaat because it itself is an ocean for me right now because of his innovation and the way the people are adopting to it. Maybe four or five years back, my father is a technical engineer in India, first trust me, he never knew what is Linux. And maybe last year he gave me, he gave his colleague my number who is a senior than him, saying that, hey, my daughter is in Radhaat if you have any problem, just call her up. Because he assumed that whatever the problem would be there with the open source or the Linux operating system, I would be able to resolve it. When I spoke to that person who was a very senior member of Defense Ministry, I told him, hey, you need subscription. And you know what was the next question he asked? Then why it is being called as free? So people have different assumptions about the business models which we have for the open source. But again, when it comes to the business innovation, here when I made him understand that we paid for the support, right? The kind of the support which we give to the customers out there in the world to rely on us. Whenever I talk to my mother-in-law now when I explain her, hey, I'm working in Radhaat, she's a physics professor, she asked me, okay, I have heard that this is for free but then I'm not able to understand how Radhaat is managing to give you the salary then. And that is the moment when I made her understand this is how Radhaat manages to give her salary in that shell, you know? And she was shocked to know that when we are giving the license, license is in the sense that operating system for free, that is how we are making the money. But now people have started understanding open source. So diversity and inclusion and this is one of my most favorite topic and I'm trying to join the different groups in Radhaat, I have been a part of women. We are having the women leadership in Radhaat. I guess many of you are aware, if not, then please go back and search for women leadership community which we have in Radhaat. Definitely you will be hearing much more from Katrina, maybe tomorrow for the diversity and inclusion. So here the part is the very first thing provide organizational support to establish identity groups. So can anyone of you tell me that an instance working anywhere no matter within Radhaat out of Radhaat in any of the industry where there was a discussion about any of the problem or any of the idea where you left as if you are being left behind. Nobody cared for you. Has it ever happened with anyone of you? Or almost with everyone of us, right? So when I joined Radhaat four years back I still remember I was the only technical lady to join in a team of 70 guys and I felt so much awkward to join that particular team. Not because everyone else was not friendly, they were but they were highly technical geek firstly. They never thought of looking out of their screens. Even on breaks they must be talking about the technical issues in various languages. And when we used to go out for the party, the team parties, I used to find myself with the only one on the floor and then I used to feel like, hey, where am I? And then I asked my manager, hey, can you please hire some more ladies into the team? Then he asked me, why don't you feel comfortable? I said, I do feel comfortable but you know, sometimes you feel just awkward about not about they are most of the other people are men but maybe because you do not have any other company. Even while going around, I found that all of my colleagues with whom I worked in the team, they were much more willing to help me out the kind of experience which I had from the different industry. But this is not only about what kind of agenda you are, it is also about the difference of interest, right? Many of the times I have found it out that if I'm talking about, let's see, if in case I'm talking about going to a party, there must be a handful of people who must be in favor of mine, oh hey, let's go to a beer bar. But other side, or other side of people must be, you know, interested in fine dining then. There is a difference in opinions too. So how can we cultivate the inclusion? So how many of you are leaders in Radhat, leaders or as managers? Anyone of you? Okay. So there are many exercises which we do in Radhat which makes about, you know, including people in our conversation. So whenever I was a part of any of the discussions, being a technical engineer, I always found respected. Even if in case in a group of 20 people or 30 people, I found out that there is one person who is not talking at all. We try to make him feel inclusive about it, right? We try to make them comfortable. And that is why an open source committee is different from others. You have to make feel each other very much inclusive, as if you are, you know, getting into the idea. Then is build inclusivity into the events. For example, for example, let's say DevCon, right? It is not on the basis being categorized on the basis of gender or race or any other aspect which you can see. But it is about including the students as well as the experienced people, no matter how much experience you have or from what the background are you coming, there you can find all the people apart from the technical jargon as well, right? This is how many of the times you feel that, hey, when you enter into a room, there is a pool of people who is talking with among each other. And that is completely technical once. And then you find yourself to be an urban out. But no, this is not who the open source committee members are. We have to include them. We have to make them understand in their own language, you know, how to make them, how to get the ideas. Many of the times it has happened that the person who is not even a part of my project, who even does not understand the business model, what am I talking about? He gives me $1 million idea, right? And this is how it works in a community. You never know who can help you out or whom you can help you out further. But it is about to make everyone feel inclusive in that particular community. Very interesting one, how to improve communication in an open source. How many of you faced issues with the language which is written in check in different corners which you could not understand? Please raise your hands. Yeah, because we do not understand the language, right? So in a survey which was being done very recently by top notch companies, for example, Amazon, Red Hat even, it was a part of it, Microsoft, Hot and Works, Cloud Era, there were 77 people who opted for written type of communication for interviews over the verbal ones. Isn't that a huge number for us around the globe? It is. Because when it comes to the verbal language of the verbal communication, they are not able to understand you as exact. You want to convey your emotions as they can understand in the written form, right? Many of the times, many people are very much particular about the exclamation, even the full stop, right? It really matters, semicolon or a colon. Once I was an IRC, I was working with another support engineer from other geo, and I said, are you ready with an exclamation? I don't know what, it was a surprise for me. He felt extremely arrogant about it. That how can you put exclamation? Are you directing me to do this? Well, I didn't mean it, but I wanted to, are you ready for this? My tone was like this, but on IRC, you cannot judge the tone, right? But on the other hand, when you are speaking over a call to a person who is non-speaking, then you realize, non-English speaking, sorry, then you realize that may be the written communication much more better because at least they can use the Google translator, right? So the very foremost impact which makes us language and we have to break down the language barrier. I'm not saying that we can change the whole signboards in Czech Republic, no, I didn't mean that. But whenever I can see a statement or a name or a brand written over there, maybe I can just put it into the Google translator and then I can see, okay, oh, it means to go here, right? What does it mean? So here we have to find out the contributions which we can make to break down the language barrier over here. Then is generate diverse network capabilities and also to experiment with accessible communication. All of us, we have Google, chat, nowadays, IRC, right? Using which we communicate with each other. Rest is emails, the very primary form of communication with each other. Then when we mean by, what do you mean by generate diverse network capabilities? There is already a bifurcation of the group of people. That is, this is the technical ones into the technical ones too, which one is related to which product? It is a product manager, it is a development, it is a QE, or it is a program manager. Then we should try to contribute based on the network accessibility in the sense that which particular network you want to connect with that shall make a contribution to it in the perfect ways, right? Do you see any risk to open source as of now? Just forget about the internal things which you know about it, but any of the risk which comes through your mind? Sorry? Okay, okay, yeah, yeah? Sometimes it's correct. That's correct. So the biggest, any of the risk which came through your mind when you were about to travel to Burno? Any of the risk which came through your mind when you were about to travel, yeah? It is not language. Language, okay. Anything else? Okay. Okay. And to me, the risk was a weather. I was not, you know, that much, I was not habitual to such extreme temperatures which we have outside. And I was having a risk that my health may go in a bad shape after coming to Burno. These are the kind of things which you can foresee for yourself when you are joining any of the community. And then is your next primary responsibility for all of us to see what are the risks which we are imposing to our community or which are already there for the communities? For example, as they mentioned, the project may get ended up soon. What are the, what else, what else we can do? You know, what are the proactive measures which we can do? This is just one, expect. The second one is the second one which I foresee is that security. Security is not in terms of the different SSL certificates which we can die lie down or the error codes which we can, you know, make descriptive as much as we want to. But it is also about the, whether we are respecting open source or we are abusing it. Whenever there is a message which has been communicated to you in an open source community, are we relaying that particular message as it was meant to be communicated to us? I have, I have heard that if we make an activity, if 10 people are standing in a row, if I speak something to the first person, the message gets changed when it arrives at the last person. But as a community, we have to keep the message intact. What was being said to the first person, it has to relate to the whole outer world in, you know. So it has to be the consistent one. This is our responsibility to make it healthier. Next is ways to overcome. So the very first thing is, which I find out of all this list is identify licensing risk. And also to make sure that you are having a full inventory of the open source of software. How many of you update your systems whenever you are being prompt to? Yeah, all of us? I guess all of us update the packages as well, right? This is how you keep the health of the open source software healthy. These are the ways to overcome the risk which a particular bug may have on the software itself, right? But when I talk about ways to overcome risk to the community is, you have to be accountable. You have to be accountable for what you say. You have to be accountable to relay the message in the right direction. You have to be accountable for making the project successful by doing a quality contribution to it. Again and again, the emphasis is not only the quantity of the contributions which you make, but also on the quality of the contributions which you make. And trust me, no one else other than you know how much of quality do you add to a particular project. Even when we travel to different conferences, all of us know that, what are we going to perform there? You know, on the day of performance, all of us know from the bottom of our hearts that have we done a justice to this event or not? So we have to convey the right message to the audiences, even those who are not a part of open source, okay? So why open source? For example, there is an organization who is working on open source. They must be having the developers who are working on open projects, right? There you get a handful of people who are very much dedicated to do the coding for that particular component. And then if you realize that you need a talent to work on the same coding part in your organization, then definitely you can have the same engine and hire for your organization. In nutshell, it attracts the talent in your organization. The next is maintenance cost. If you make a comparison between the Microsoft windows and Linux, definitely you'll get a clear cut picture about the figures which we have to lay down and maintaining the software between the two different closed source and our open source industry, right? Then it's influence the direction. How many of you feel that open source or Radhat is an amazing company to work with? How many of you, please? Yeah, all of us? How did you feel when Radhat was acquired by IBM? Or how many of you felt that IBM is more powerful now? Or maybe you just felt it, you know? I'm not saying what is correct or what is not. How many of you felt that Radhat, IBM is much more powerful since it acquired Radhat? Did we? Okay, okay, okay. Okay. Okay. Because we have a very much influential power to take the particular organization into a particular direction to which we wanted to conquer the world. This is a power which open source is having but not the closed source, okay? So how to make bigger impacts in open source? The very first thing is, whenever you are at events like this, DEF CON, for Radhat, send me to any other event, build relationship with people, okay? Go ahead and interact with them. Even today itself, I was just having a conversation, hey, from where you are? You know, that lady told me that she's the committee leader for OpenStack. If in next time you submit a paper, you do not get a budget, just write down an email on this email address. What else can I ask for? If in case I'm having a budget constraint, if somebody else is ready to pay me the budget, that is all what I want, right? What an event or to speak at an event. So always build strong relationships at such events. Include the committee, you know? As soon as you can join the committee, it is very good for you, as well as for the community to make a bigger impact. If you are not a part of something, how can you make an impact in that? This is as simple as that. Often contribute to upstream. The contribution, I just want to cover this one. Often contribute to upstream. Contribution is not just about the coding. I happened to attend an event in the Singapore office and then I got to know, what else can you do just apart from coding? You can become a translator. Just trust me, one of my colleague, his name is Ankit Kumar Patel. He joined the team in Radhat. He used to translate the English Lennox operating system language into Gujarati, which is one of the regional languages of India. And trust me, he's a senior manager in Radhat today down the line, 10 plus years. That is a kind of a contribution or impact. Even just a language translation can have such a major impact when we are talking about breaking the language barrier. Nothing else can be better than this, okay? Help with designing. I have seen that in RevConf too, many of us, I have been a RevConf organizer in India. And there I could see that how much designing part is that how much efforts you put into, you know, even design a logo for the jacket which we are wearing or for the banners. So you can contribute in N number of ways apart from just coding about, you know, because open source contribution is not only the coding part. So the last question, are you ready to measure it now? Yeah? Is that correct? Can we measure our own contributions? How are we impacting it? You have to go back and think about it. So keep it intact, stay with open source and kudos to all of you. Thank you very much.