 Previous literature has identified associations between diabetes during pregnancy and postnatal maternal depression. In a South African cohort with or without diabetes, we investigated associations between adverse maternal experiences with postnatal depression and child social emotional outcomes. Lower educational attainment, lower household income, food insecurity, living without a partner, and having experienced physical assault were each associated with clinical maternal depression, E.P.D.S. This article was authored by Yao Ke Rui Port, Aishah Sonia, Mari Stella Lucchini, and others.