 I'd like to take questions as soon as possible. And we've got people with mics who are around the room. I just want to make sure we do we have microphones? No? OK, sorry. So wherever we get the microphones to, thank you very much. Thank you very much. And you can keep the question reasonably brief, because we're very sorry. Very brief, but a brief tripod question nonetheless. Donald and a member of the Institute. Question is for Adrian, please. Adrian. Adrian, what is your connectivity speed, your internet speed in Skibmarine? What is the quality of your interconnection? And how are you involving older people? And I noticed an increasing number of them here in this room. We're all living a little bit longer. How are you involving local people in that initiative? And then for Barry, isn't the rural broadband policy absolute farce? OK, thank you. Two questions wrapped up together. Maybe Adrian, if we take you first on that. In terms of the older people, it's a really important for us that whole community integration and bringing the benefits of digitization is a really fundamental part of what we're doing. We have run specific courses for older people. And rather than introduce them to the entire world of digitization, if they haven't had much experience, we try to tailor it towards their needs. So for example, one lady who had grandchildren in Australia, we taught her specifically how to FaceTime them. And that has had a huge impact on her quality of life. So it's about trying to find where digitization could actually have a meaningful role in somebody's life. We're also tying older people into the whole integration as well. And we're trying for new people coming to the area to have buddies there that would actually help them assimilate, I suppose, into West Cork and Skibmarine life and tapping into maybe early retired people there or very active retired people as well who would have time to do that. So we're really conscious of the need to have everybody in the community included. That sounds lovely. Now, before we go to the broadband, because I'm quite conscious, that's very Irish centric. And I actually really wanted to ask Tonus about, you really had a digital revolution in Estonia. And I want to ask you about, how do you get that culture of digital IDs out there? Because it's something that I think Irish people are actually having a big difficulty with. And you mentioned that you focused specifically on educating the users, the elderly, and school. So maybe you could share how you did that on a national level and it might be something that we might learn from. Yeah, thank you. First of all, with regard to the digital ID, yes. This was really kind of a revolutionary kind of decision to give everybody compulsory digital ID. I mean, this really kind of opened the floodgates to develop all kinds of digital services because the only way to get access to digital services is on the basis of an ID. So this was a very important decision in the end of 1990s. But with regard to the educating users, yes, we understood right from the beginning, right from the end of 1990s that we have to pay a lot of attention to that. The first step was the computerization of schools. It now sounds very, very trivial. But at the beginning, in the mid-90s, it wasn't. So it was a kind of new development. We started with that. We started with school kids, educating them with different computer skills. And then also we started to pay attention to older generation, to retired people, and especially the programs, what you mentioned as well, the programs to educate the retired people proved to be extremely popular. And the take-up rate was very, very high. So, and we also, I mean, we didn't try to kind of cover everything, but just the kind of the issues what were really relevant, like internet skills and stuff like that. So this was really a long-term project with a lot of planning to process it. Yes, definitely. Okay, thank you. And I guess with the digitization of schools, computerization of schools, what you said, you probably needed broadband, so that will bring us back to that question. Broadband, Newer, Ireland. Yeah, I'm not sure I answered Donald's question since I worked for the government for report to the SECJ for Perr. But look, how we go about it could be awkward to be, I think everybody agrees that Ireland needs more fiber because if we get more fiber in the ground, then we can start to introduce things like 5G and so on. I think what is really important is that broadband is not seen as an end in itself, it's seen as in a neighbor. And we've got to rethink why we do health and how we do education. So just to give you a for instance, there's no point in a local school in the west of Ireland having high-speed connectivity if the teachers have confidence in teaching differently. Of course that gives us an opportunity and I was chatting to Microsoft, for example, and I said that when I was a little boy, I remember that we all used to go in the Thursday morning and sit in the assembly hall and look at the black and white TV, the younger ones will be thinking I'm out there. But actually, why can't on Thursday morning have a level of primary school children go and listen to an inspiring TED talk which Microsoft or our Esri would sponsor and can be actually run from anywhere in the world. And that's how we've got to think differently. We've got to start to say one of the new ideas that we can start to talk about because we have this connectivity and forget about the connectivity. And that's actually something that Tonus said as well. Let's not broadband as a means to an end, it's the tool. So I think that's a really nice thing to take from the conversations. No, we've got lots of hands up and if I take this place and I'd like to get an array of voices if that's possible. Thank you. Sharonos Lekas from Lithuania. I have a question. It's a more conceptual question about all the usage of digital technologies for provision of public services. I think the, when you, did you have any, let's say calculations cost effectiveness in terms of let's say human to human provision of public services and having everything in digital space? Because I'm giving you example, for example, for me to use all services provided by Estonia as an Estonian citizen, I'm not Estonian citizen, but to get all the services I need, computer, okay, 1000 euros. Telephone, 2000 euros. Then broadband provision, et cetera. So I invest a lot myself in order to get this kind of hypo very useful, quote unquote useful technology instead of having that normal service provision going to the counter somewhere, chatting to somebody in the bank or whatever. So my question is about this cost effectiveness because a lot of is put on the people because every month subscription, et cetera, et cetera. So I understand that you can provide services all over the world, you have the firms that are working for American market, et cetera, et cetera, which are working in this field. But overall this cost effectiveness in terms from the point of government. Okay, thanks Lekas. Roland, I might give that question to you because similar to Estonia, you've developed that, you know, public services for all citizens. So have you done a cost effectiveness calculation on those things? Yes, this is an excellent question. And I will have short and long answer. The short answer is no, we haven't done this calculation. And then they don't believe that any country does it. But the question is important because the person has the rights to be not advanced in the technology. And we have found this problem and we are solving this problem in Latvia. We are providing, first we are providing the access to the internet and to the computers through our libraries network. We have in Latvia, we have 875 libraries which are municipality libraries connected in one network with quite good internet connection and the publicly accessible computer can also be provided through these libraries. And we, first, the person can have access to the digital environment of the government through these public libraries. And also we don't think that the person has to be, that the person have to have the skills to work with this computer. Therefore, we are working to educate these public libraries employees. We are working on the assistant to create to create the digital assistants for these people who could lead them, who could educate them to show how this service works. But also this assistant can do this, he can fulfill these forms, he can fulfill this information for the person. So therefore this is not a problem but from the cost effectiveness point of view but this is a problem which we have to solve providing the service to the people. So it includes the person having to invest themselves because publicly available items are there that they can use with it. And actually I think a nice theme that's come out of all of your presentations and answers here is that while the digitalization is bringing everything to that kind of abstract platform it's actually building on communities locally, it seems. It's required that if you're in schools, you're working with elderly, people are communicating with each other directly in order to get these things that it's kind of actually bringing that advantage to you, but Thomas would you say that from the Estonian perspective, could that be a nice outcome of it? Oh yeah definitely, I mean the digital, the e-governance is not an objective itself in a way. It is a tool as has been mentioned several times but also to respond to the question about the cost effectiveness. I mean I can't give you a number as well but looking at the government's perspective it is definitely more cost effective to provide services digitally because otherwise we would have to keep up the kind of the huge network of some kind of governmental offices. It is definitely more costly. From the user's perspective, all our services are available also in an analog manner. You can fill in the tax forms if you wish and present them on paper form, no problem. So if you look at the kind of the usage rate of different services, I mean the digital take up rate is never 100% and there are always people who use this analog way as well. So it is the choice of the people. We have given them the choice and most of them use the digital channels but not all of them. Thank you. So thank you very much our contributors, Jonas Nirk, Adrienne Harrington, Roland Straddins and Barry Larry for their contributions on the digital transformation. Thank you sincerely. Thank you.