 Our going, lecturing, gossiping, they are speech activities. How activities become events? This is the topic of this model. Why are we taking lecturing, gossiping as activities? Because they are verbs. If we look at these words, grammatically, they are verbs and verbs are action words. But when we do these speech activities in some situation, these activities become speech events. And when we take them as speech events, they become some entity, some concrete thing. They don't remain action. In other words, grammatically speaking, they become nouns. See this difference. Arguing is verb, but an argument, this is a noun. Now arguing is, arguing is an activity and argument is an event. Similarly, lecturing, this is an activity and a lecture. This is a speech act, speech event. Similarly, gossiping is an activity and gossip session, gossip time. This is a speech event. Now you understand the difference between activity and event. When verbal activities, the activities in which words are involved, we call them verbal activities. The word verb also means word. So in that sense, we are using it here. When verbal activities are speech activities, they are linked with situation, they become events. And when they become events, they have structure. They have beginning, they have middle, they have end. And why do we want to convert speech activities into speech events? Definitely, there would be some benefit for us. That benefit is given here. Each event can be compared. When we turn them into speech events, they get structure. The structure can be compared across communities, across cultures. A comparative study is possible. One speech event is similar to another speech event in the same culture or in different cultures. This is the benefit. Delheim's anthropological language and some people even give him credit to be the father of sociolinguistics. He has given components of speech events. A structure is suggested by him. Some of these components are, first of all, a speech event has social setting. For example, if our speech activity is small talk, it would be done when we are sitting, for example, in a situation like we are waiting at a bus stop. And we have to kill time. In this social setting, such kind of talk can be done. Second thing is cultural norms about who says what, when and where. Context means the time, the place and the participants which are involved in a situation of talk. And who says what and how. This is determined by the culture. When you are talking, for example, in classroom with your teacher, your style of talking would be very different from your talk with your classmates. And with your intimate friends. This is what we mean cultural norm. Some speech events are ritualized. Again, here the role of culture is emphasized. For example, a cultural setting tells us how greeting, the speech event of greeting will take place. For example, in our culture, when we greet each other, we say As-Salaam-Alaikum. The other person says Wa-Alaikum As-Salaam. The other person never says As-Salaam-Alaikum. And similarly in other cultures, how are you? And I am fine. Good morning. And the second person also says morning. And in Hindu culture, in Japanese, in Hindu culture, they bind their palms with each other. And in Japanese, they bow to each other. So it varies from culture to culture. And these things are ritualized. They become ritual. The structure of the speech event is also gender. For example, father knows best. Because a research was conducted with this title. So that's why this title is used to show one example of gendering of speech events. Father knows best. This talk takes place when we are at dinner table. Mother or siblings and other people in the family, they sit together. What happens? What is the structure of this speech event? According to our culture, mother begins the talk. She asks the children, tell your work, your daily activities. Today's work especially to your father. They report to the father because they think father knows best. Father judges that you have done well. He appreciates or depreciates according to that. So this is the structure of this speech event. From this, we conclude that every speech community has a set of routine speech events. And the structure of these speech events, how they would begin, how they would end, how they would proceed, this is decided by gender ideology. This is gendering speech event.