 module 2, Developmental Milestones If we talk about the developmental milestones, we need to be understand what actually developmental milestones are. Developmental milestones are those things or those tasks which we assume that child can attain at the certain age of their life. If they are unable to attain that task during their lifetime period, that's mean that they have delayed in their milestones. So for example, if we want to be explained developmental milestones, we categorize them in five broader domains. Number one, social, number two, self-help, number three, cross motor, number four, fine motor, number five, language. So if you see on this chart, you can see that there is a column in which I have mentioned the age birth and then there are five other columns in which you have seen these five categories. So in the age of one to six months, the child is able to do the social smile, distinguishes mother from other. So socially, when we talk about that the child can interact with his mother and the ability to smile to people is developed in one to six months. That's mean that those children who are not present in one to six months, that's mean that they are socially developmentally delayed. Similarly, when we talk about self-help, in one to six months, a child is able to react to slide site of bottle or breast and comfort self with thumb or pacifier. So if a child is not reacting in one to six months, that is, he is not sucking the bottle or he is not sucking the nipple or he is not comforting himself through different person or through different items, that's mean that the stage of self-help is delayed. Similarly, when we talk about gross motor, first of all, we need to understand that what is a gross motor? In gross motor, basically it's the ability in which the child is able to use all the basic muscles, that is, he can get up, sit, run, so these are gross motor skills. If those gross motor skills are between one to six months, this is his ability to lift his head, he can lift his chest, he can do lying on stomach, he can do turns around when lying on stomach. If he is doing all this, that means that his developmental milestone is appropriate. But if he is not able to do all this in one to six months, that means that his developmental milestone is delayed. Similarly, when we talk about fine motor skills, that means that when the child is able to use the smaller muscles of the body, like the muscles of the hand, grip, grip the pencil, catch the ball, these are all things are classified in the fine motor skills. So, if we look at it between one to six months, then that child is able to do looks at and reaches for the faces and the toys, picks up toy with one hand. If a child is unable to perform this task appropriately between one to six months, that means that the child has the developmental delay. Similarly, in between one to six months, the child is able to react to voices like coos, chickles, voices, vocalize spontaneously socially. He or she is able to perform these things. And if he is not able to communicate this kind of language, he is not doing bubbles, he is not articulating any kind of sound, that means that he is developmentally delayed. Now, I have told you this in between one to six months. If you look at it in this way, then the chart in front of you describes which things the child can do in seven to nine months, then which can be done in 13 to 24 months, then which can be done in 13 to 24 months. If the child is able to do all these things, then we say that his developmental milestone is appropriately achieved. And if he is unable to achieve all these milestones or if he is unable to do anything, then we will say that he is a developmental delayed. If he is unable to achieve these milestones, then the child might have an acute developmental disorder which has been classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder in DSM-5. Thank you.