 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel, Explore Education and I am Dr. Ashmi Singh, Assistant Professor of Department of Education, S.S. Khanna University of College. University of Allahabad and it is my email IT. Today I am going to discuss a topic under educational technology, that is module or self-instructional module. In the lecture, we will be in bilingual mode and will be useful for various teaching examinations. So, let's start. First of all, module. Today, module is very popular in the world. These words have been used online in the course of small children. They also know module. They also know the concept of module. So, we don't know what module is. What is its existence? What is its speciality? What is it made of? What are some limitations? What are its components? How many phases can we make a module? What are the ways in which it happens? So, module is taught in educational technology. And apart from that, students of our MA don't feel on the module. So, they need the module. So, first of all, what is module? In education, what is module? Little module refers to an instructional unit. First of all, we need to know that it is an instruction to give. That is, an instruction to give. That focuses on a particular topic. Which is based on a specific topic. Then, although the details and activities vary according to the specific context. The details can vary. The activities can vary in various ways. Depending upon the context, we are talking about it. According to the course, we have made it for the student level. But most educational modules include, but most of the modules are information about the topic. You will have to think about the topic. Focus on student-centered learning activities. Student-centered learning activities. And culminate in a project for students to demonstrate understanding. And the project that culminates in it, it means that we can demonstrate to students, to our students, so that they can develop some understanding. Then, apart from that, this instructional module is a self-contained unit. That is, it completes a unit in itself. It is not like we have left a topic in the middle of the module. It is not like that. That focuses on a specific learning goal and instructional focus. And it focuses on the purpose of a specific subject. Okay. Whether it is a definition or a language, Russell found it in 1974. It is not a very old concept. But it has become more famous in the online world. Before that, it used to be less popular. Before that, it used to be less popular. So, I would like to define Russell. How is it defined? It is an instructional package. We are talking about a package. It is complete in itself. What to do with it? It will be an invasion. How to deal with it? How to deal with it? With a single conceptual unit of subject matter. That is, whatever the subject matter is, it will deal with that conceptual unit. Single. These are very scientific modules. Then, modules are designed to help these students. To accomplish certain well-defined objectives. With the use of a module, instruction can be individualized. We can read the instructions for a person. How? When the material is read, it is read by itself. It is grass-based. This is not the case with each student or class. It is not the case that everybody has to read in half an hour. Everyone has to read half an hour. It is read by yourself. The time it takes to read, it is given as individualized instruction. then the learners can go through the material at their own pace. The learner who is going to learn, the student who will go through the material, will go through the material and he will read it on his own. And at their own time. And according to their time, as we talk about virtual world, we talk about three A's. Three A's means anyone, anybody, any time. There is no foundation of time, you have to read it at the same time. According to your own pace, when you get it, you will read it. They may also be used to complement instruction. And they can be used to give compliments to the instruction. For example, if you are taught, you can share some more material. So you can make your relation more complete. Apart from this, self-learning is the most important component. The most important part. Self-pace, self-learning, or any learning resource that can be used by a learner without the presence of the material teacher. This does not include learning from other learners. It is said that there is such a system of learning. The system of learning, which is being used by learners, in which the teacher is not present. There is no education in it. But you do not stop learning from other students. That is, group learning is possible. But only teacher is absent. Okay. Then, components. Any module will have this component. Which is the first title? The module cannot be the same. What is its title? A good title should be clear, concise, and reflective of its content. This should be the first one. This is not very long. It should be the second one. And the content that you are going to give, you should reflect on it. This is not that you have put something in the topic. There is something else in it. Both should be in each other's coherence. Then, overview. What is overview? It serves as an introduction of the module. That is, we will get an introduction of the module. And it will describe its scope and rationale. That is, what is its special area? What is the special area of the module? And what is its rationale? Why is it made? What are its objectives? But this is your objective. It is the most important component. The most important part of the module is the objective and purpose of the module. And it has to follow the acronym. And it should follow the acronym. What is the acronym? Smart. What is smart? As for specific and for measurable. Sorry, it is not specific. Smart is written here. Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time long. That is, smart should be the specific object. It should be specific. But you cannot take general objectives. If you are a small class student and you want to understand the concept of photosynthesis, then what is its specific objective? That at the end of this module, students will be able to define the concept of photosynthesis. That is, the specific will be the most important. The purpose of that module. We will not generally understand the biology of the module. That is what we will get. It will be written that within this module, we will understand the nature of the Rakhash Sanctuation. We will be able to define it. Measurable. You can call it naap. Measurable, naap, yog, yog. I will say it again and again. Objectives. Unmeasurable. Abstract concepts. Like to understand the concept. When you write that you can understand it, then you cannot call it naap. It is not difficult to call it naap. The technological following of the module is to recall, to define, to list, to analyze, to compare, to this type of thing that you can measure. You can measure it. Attainable. That is, you can get it after half an hour. You cannot see it like this. We will learn the object of our module that scientific temper is developed in the science. You can develop a scientific temper in the class of half an hour. So, it should be attainable. The same thing should be realistic. We cannot live in an unrealistic object. And time bound. It should be fulfilled within a time limit. So, it seems that everything has been highlighted in the same way. So, these objectives should be smart. You can say. Then, discussion. Discussion, I think it is specific. This mistake should be smart. It is specific here. Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound. Then, discussion. What is the flow of your module? The suggested format is to present all the objectives at the beginning. The presentation of content follows based on the stated objectives. The suggested format should be like this. All the objectives should be in the beginning. As soon as you start the module, tell your intention in the beginning. And after that, presentation of content. The object of your subject, the current of your subject, whatever you tell your intention, then evaluation. Without evaluation, the module is incomplete. We should always have a self-check list. There should be an exercise, an MC. There should be a question when you tell it. So that we can do this. We will not have access to those objectives. It can be self-check test, exercise and other means of assessing learning outcomes. We can assess the learning outcomes. So, we can do that. Then, references. References are necessary because it is possible that some videos should be made on that topic. If you want to study more on that topic, then you should do some reference material from where you have taken it and from where you can detail out more about it. A list of books, guide news in preparing the module and other materials that may be consulted for further understanding must be presented. And to develop a future understanding, we need to quote or note some material there. Then, style. Which style will the module follow? It can be formal, it can be optional. It can be unoptual and it can be conversational. Generally, modules are conversational and they talk to you while conducting their content. Then, regardless of the style used, whatever style you are using, what is important is clarity and simplicity. The most important thing is that it should be spatial and simple. There is no need to make a clear model. There is no need to make a model Then, phases. From these phases, there is a predatory implementation evaluation, these are the three phases. What is the predatory? What is the phase in which the module is being prepared? This phase is concerned with collection, analysis and interpretation of data. That is, it will be summarized and there will be visualization and interpretation of data. So, what is the data? About the content. What is the model? What is the target group? What is the learner? What is the level for the student? And about the learning resources. What is the most important thing? Physical resources, material resources Whatever resources are available, we have to focus on content, learner and resources. Then we have prepared what we will implement. What will be the implementation? Program, preparation, production, dissemination and utilization. That is, the development, the preparation, the use, all of this comes in a change implementation. Sometimes, it is asked, how do you prepare? So, you will be told about this. So, analysis of the content, you will do visualization, identification of learning units. Then you will find out which units we will make a model. Then, designing of format and selection of media, format chain will be formal, formal, conversational. Then, we will design the media. We will put the text, video, animation, sound effect, what we will put in this model. We will put the picture. Then, construction of test. You will have to do the test. There are some models that are pre-tested and post-tested. When you started studying this model, at the beginning you knew that after studying this model, then you will know how well the model has been served to students. Then, learning characteristics. For the students, for the youth, you should know this. Now, we will be able to implement the correct model. Then, evaluation. How to make the model good, not bad. In order to ensure effectiveness. Where do you want to go? Where do you want to go? What is about the self-learning model? What do we have to do? We have to do everything. Then, we have to do input, process, product, and impact. We have to do these four. Input, process, product, or output, or impact. What is input? If the learning resources are adequate and relevant. That means that the students were not adequate, or adequate, or relevant. Then, process evaluation. It should include preparation of self-learning material, S.L.M., production, decimation, utilization, all these things. Then, product. What is output? It includes evaluation of the performance of learners. After studying the model, the performance of the learners has changed. After completion of the course, the learners after the training period, after the training period, after studying the model, the learners have to study the follow-up. Then, impact evaluation. How much impact has been put on the learners? The ultimate aim of self-learning modules is to improve the competencies of learners. What do we want? What is the purpose of the model? What is the purpose of the model? What is the purpose of the model? What is the purpose of the model? Then, there is a lot of self-paced, individualized instruction, and in your virtual world, it follows a lot of techniques. But there are some limitations. There are some disadvantages. There is independent study. The teacher is not present. So, what does the teacher want? What does the teacher demand? What does the teacher demand? What does the teacher demand? What does the teacher demand? What does he demand? Self-discipline. We'll be able to complete a model if we are self-discipline. Because nobody says to us, if we are not punished, what willingle you do? On the part of the learner. So, if you're Fal-e's there needs to be available to everyone. This should be available to heinous Those who haven't had a final say that their kids have done so well so they can work in the company from somewhere far they had children, kids and small students can't be as self-disciplined. That's why their attention span is a bit low. That's why it's said that they'll learn well in the teacher's presence. Then, minimum learner-teacher and group interaction. The interaction between learner-teacher and learner is decreasing here. So, what can be done with this? It can be resulted in isolation. It can be related to people, marriage, your education, and less development of social skills. You can say that our social skills will hamper their development somewhere. Then, language and communication problems may arise. We may have a problem of communication, a problem of separation, a problem of language connection. If we are only... Because they are emphasis on written material only. We are only emphasis on text. It's less on communication. That's why it can be an anusiman. It can be an anusiman. Okay? So, today I have completed a new topic under educational technology. That is module. I hope that this topic will be clearer to you now. So, thank you all. And don't forget to like and subscribe my channel. 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