 Glucose and lipid metabolism are essential processes for energy production in the body. Dysfunctional metabolism has been linked to several diseases including type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, obesity, tumours, and sepsis. Protein post-translational modifications, PTMs, have emerged as important regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. These modifications can alter the structure, location, and function of proteins, thereby influencing metabolic processes. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the role of PTMs in disease progression associated with metabolic disorders. Future research should focus on identifying novel targets for therapeutics based on PTMs. This article was authored by Yuhan Yang, Ai Wen, N.I. Yang, and others.