 Thank you, Arpit. Hello, everyone. My name is Shahraman and I'm one of the engineering leads at the Meta Connectivity Group. And I'm very glad to be here to talk about Metaverse and Metaverse Ready Networks. All right, so let me just go back a little bit in time and talk about when Meta used to be Facebook. It started about two decades ago. Basically, most of the text that I mean, most of the contents that people shared were mostly text. And over the last decade, what we saw is that a lot of the contents moved from text-based expressions to a much more photo based and image-based expressions. Right this minute or the last couple of years, it is a lot more video-based sharing. We're sharing all sorts of videos, different forms, shapes, and and fidelity. We believe going forward, people are going to share a lot more immersive contents like AR and VR contents. And that's going to happen over the next few years. And that is precisely the path to Metaverse from our perspective. So let's see what exactly is Metaverse. Metaverse is a set of digital spaces where people can come together and do things together, regardless of their physical distance. And it can allow you to do things in a very interactive and immersive way, whether you play games or have meetings, like we are having this one on Zoom, per se. And we're all looking at it from different places on the planet, whereas you could probably have the feeling of doing this together. You can play games, you can do fitness, you can learn things, you can do lots of different things together. And when you do those, it might feel that okay, does it mean it's an alternative to our physical presence or things we do physically? Absolutely not. It's a lot more about what we already do online better and much more meaningful way. For example, you could actually teleport a friend or a family member right into your living room and have a conversation as if the person was here. In reality, the person could be actually on the other side of the planet. So that is the vision of Metaverse. So towards that vision, what are we doing at Metaverse today? There are so many different things that we're doing, for sure, but I'm just going to go ahead and highlight a few things that should show us how we are progressing towards that vision. Starting with the left-hand side, we have the horizon world. The horizon is, I would say, Meta's first iteration or release of what Metaverse is going to look like. It's a place where we can create things, you can meet with strangers with lots of personal boundary and other features so that your avatars are really safe in that space and you can really be in a world, create your own world, create lots of different things in that world. So that's like a horizon stories. We have the Raven stories, which is more of a smart glass, a pair of glasses basically that we launched with Raven last year, and this is where you can take photos, videos, you can take phone calls, you can listen to music and do some of these things that were previously not possible without just something like a phone, for example. So that's Raven stories. We have avatars. We have now been creating photorealistic avatars for the last couple of years and we released the set of that last year, which is basically the number of combinations that can have with the various parts and the pieces of yourself, which is a much more expressive, is basically quintillion or one and 18 zeros following that. So I can't even imagine how many the number is to be frank. So that's kind of bested avatars. It really helps us express better and represent us in a digital world. Last but not the least, we have Oculus Quest and this is the virtual reality headset that Meta has been building for many years and Quest 2 release went out last year. It provides you the ability to fully immerse yourself into a virtual world with six degrees of freedom and controls that does not require a PC or anything else. It's a standalone VR headset device. So there's really a lot of different things, but these are four things that we're highlighting that are already out there and playing the role of what a Metaverse would look like over the next few years. So moving along, that's Metaverse. I would like to talk about, which is a lot more relevant to this crowd, is the Metaverse for the networks, for the concept of the Metaverse for the networks. What exactly is that? Now, this is sort of like where we are today and majority of the global cellular traffic, excuse my slides now for there, today is pretty comfortably can achieve what we see on the left hand side, which is today's video calling. So the expectation for today's video calls stand at about five Mbps and 150 millisecond end to end latency and that works fine with the current network today. From there, when we move to the tomorrow's cloud VR, which requires less than 30 millisecond and 20 Mbps of bandwidth, we start to see a problem. And the problem is that this network that was sort of like most of the networks, I should say around the globe, has been built and has been upgraded and much more optimized towards greater speed and greater bandwidth for going with that evolution of the content that we saw. And suddenly, when we start needing a lot higher quality of experience, lot higher service level objectives for as a low and that demands the network in unprecedented ways. And this is where these are just the two use cases per se. And when we think about some of the more demanding use cases, you know, mobile cloud gaming, desktop cloud gaming, VR meetings, it just becomes very obvious that it is going to be quite challenging and the networks are going to need quite some upgrade to get there. And since 2013, metaconnectivity has been partnering with the industry and partnerships with several infrastructure investments, network analytics, and we have improved the state of connectivity together for more than 300 million people around the globe. In order to support more immersive experiences and be able to really deliver on the promises of the metaverse, we will continue to provide the tools, shared equipment, identify customer and geographic segments with the highest needs. Our mission is to accelerate the evolution of connectivity in order to help bring metaverse to life. Okay. So, and we firmly believe that better connectivity is going to be a key across, you know, key enabler of metaverse across the physical world, augmented reality, and virtual reality. I'd like to share to that note our vision of the future networks. We should be a continuous evolution rather than adoption, rather than, I would say, the generational advancement that we have seen, a good part of the, you know, for the past couple of decades, if you've paired that up with the evolution we're seeing on the content and the people experience aside. Right. And as we think about different technologies, whether they're Wi-Fi, 5G, fiber, cable, or satellite, first and foremost, we believe open and open source technologies, there should be only increased usage and adoption of those technologies where Linux Foundation plays an important role in the industry, especially with several projects such as LF Network and LF Edge that are helping and would be, would be sort of very important for our mission. Next, we need to evolve the network architecture to support private and decentralized networks. And then we have, we are seeing that movement of many network operations and back into the cloud. We're seeing more network services move closer to the edge and application of AI ML techniques, better management operations and other aspects of the network and a variety of key features, spectrum innovation, support for network slicing, scalable low latency, network protocols, improved quality of service, better condition control, buffer management and active queue management, rendering of, of graphics from the, from the cloud and so on. Quite a long list to be, to be frank. Last but not the least, it'll be awesome to have standardized ways to measure quality of experience and service level objectives for immersive experiences as the industry that we believe that creating the ecosystem to come together is gonna, is gonna help us innovate better. To that end, we would like to establish a shared network readiness vision, define the new approach to QE and SLO and then really spark a flurry of network innovation on the ecosystem. So at the end, as with the internet, no one company will own or operate Metaverse. Rather, it must be built on the foundation of openness and interoperability and be accessible to as many people as possible. Metaverse will demand a fundamental shift in how the networks are architected deployed today. Open and open source technology will play a very important role in this evolution. We need to more stronger, more secure, robust, scalable open source projects up and down the stack across the network. As Meta, we are a long-time advocate of open source technologies and continue to work with LF communities as RP pointed out one like EVPF. We've been a very strong component and participant of that. Presto, Magma already are in the community and we many more should follow. We would love to see many other companies participate, contribute and support projects that we believe will be critical elements on our path to Metaverse. We're excited to collaborate with the industry in solving these connectivity challenges and we highly value our partnership with Linux formation. We look forward to working with you on establishing that shared network vision for network readiness for Metaverse, defining new measurements IEQV and SLO with standardized APIs to access those, measure those, share those and finally filling innovation in the open source ecosystem. With that, my call to action is to come build with us. Thank you everyone, back to our Pete. Oh, that was great. Okay, perfect, perfect. Thank you very much. That was like a very, very good vision of what you have done. And I think the implications because people have been hearing Metaverse, Metaverse, right? Like it's again, there's the marketing aspect of it, but then there is the actual, what does it mean to the connectivity and the network? So, you know, really excited about, about you translating that into kind of real projects, the dependency on open source. And again, we thank you for the leadership. Now, there are some questions. The one that has come in is, what is the lowest latency you have achieved in your tests so far? You know, given that, you know, there's the 5G that is coming on, which will get you 1-10, but then there's the edge, which can get you up to anywhere between, you know, less than 20 milliseconds. But what are you seeing from a latency perspective? That's an excellent question. And before I, before I get to that, Pete, it's, I just wanted to at least start off by sharing that. Yeah, there could be a lot of marketing hype and buzz around Metaverse in the industry. And that's totally understandable. When it comes to what we're doing at Meta, for us, Metaverse is very, very real. We're working on a number of different initiatives that you're seeing that have already come out, and they're just going to be more and more coming out later this year and going forward. So that's the first, first part. Now, coming to that specific question about the latency, it really depends on a couple of things. One is that what is the use case and the specific application that we're looking at, as different applications are different latency requirements. And, and the other thing is that the networks around the world are really built in different ways. We see different results, different depending on where we're running the test for those applications. So if we take the combination of, let's say, cloud gaming experience with the, with the plot in the North American networks, we can probably get to 80 to 100 millisecond range pretty comfortably. And those tend to work pretty well. You take the same, same sort of experience in other parts of the world, where we have cloud gaming enabled, we start to see a lot higher latencies, like start going out over 100, 200 to 250 milliseconds. And that starts impacting the, the services quite a bit. Then when it comes to cloud, let's say, meeting experiences, is a similar story. There are cases that we have reached this achieved close to 50 millisecond. And, and that has, but that's outside to specific to the question that's probably as low as we have gone. And to help us with that, what we started doing is that started segmenting the network according to the latency needs, whether they're, you know, they can tolerate higher levels of latency. There are places, there are applications that they can tolerate higher levels of latencies, where there are others who are a bit of a mid-range, and then they're the, really the lowest latency that are, that we're looking for. The short answer is that it's around 50 millisecond from as far as I know, this test are very ongoing. And, and depending on in what scenario you test them, you might go to for some, some 50 second, we'll say, some 50 millisecond as well. I'll stop. Okay. And, and I think I hope that answered the question. Yeah, no, I think it did very well. And I think the dependency, if, if, if I may, I think the, the, these applications and, and these real use cases are just going to accelerate, you know, technologies like 5G, which drags latency down, accelerate technologies like Edge Compute, which again, closer, you know, giving resources closer to the applications, and, and just the adoption of kind of more open source, because these things are being built on it. So I really appreciate the insights there. And again, there's one final question before we wrap, but what does networking look like among edge data centers versus centralized distant data centers? Do you use IP multicast? I know this is fairly technical. If you can answer in short, that'll be fine. Yeah, I can just share a very quick insight on that. So our edge networks and, and our data centers obviously have the, what we call our backbone network are, are running and they're there. The short answer is that I'm not a word that we use IP multicast today. And I'm not sure, but if it actually makes sense to connect, you know, edge data centers with our, with our main data centers. It is really just a, just a pretty traditional backbone with a lot of innovation that we have built at Meta. For example, it's all, it's all IPv6. It goes over our own fiber for most parts that are, that are some cases that we leverage public fiber as well. So yeah, that's the short answer. Yeah. And we have seen at least here in US, there's tremendous push for fiber all the way. So, you know, that will also help. I think, I think it's great to bring technologies, networks and applications all together. And I think this is a great vision. So thank you very much for, for covering this. Appreciate it. Thank you. Thank you for having me. Yeah, thanks.