 Hello. I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I'm Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls Ruby College, University of Allahabad. And in my previous video, I have discussed with you human rights education and the methods and techniques of human rights education. And today I'm going to discuss rights of chai from international perspective. And the lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful for various purposes to you in general as well as for your examinations purpose. Okay. So human rights education. If you want to change it in effective mode, it will be useful only if you want to change it in cognition. And then we will discuss rights of the child. What are the rights of children and what are the rights of children. So we have to study it in two ways in your course. What is an international perspective and what is an Indian perspective. National perspective and international perspective. So let's start with the international perspective. So the most important document rights of child is the United Nations Convention. It is called CRC, Convention on the Rights of the Child. CRC. So the beginning of it is at the international level, United Nations General Assembly adopted the declaration of the rights of the child on 28th November 1959. You can assume that since the establishment of the UDHR, since then the rights of the child has been discussed. And a Geneva Declaration came in the middle. After that in 1999, it comes to the United Nations Convention. The Geneva Declaration in which five principles were discussed, it was its expansion and it was converted to 10 principles in the declaration of 1959. So these were the 10 principles, every child without an exception. That is, you have to take all the children with you, you have to mentally, morally, spiritually and socially develop them. That is, every child has to be mentally, spiritually, mentally, spiritually developed. So I am giving you this very briefly because we have to read the main convention of 1989. There is a fourth article. It will be very lengthy. Then every child has a name, his nationality, he gets the benefits of social security. If he has any kind of handicappedness, you should get him special treatment, education and care. You should understand him, he gets love. Any child will get education, which is free and compulsory. In any situation, the child should be the first to be in that entity, that is, you will protect him, you will give him relief. Then you have to save him from all kinds of neglect, cruelty and exploit patients. You will not neglect him, there will be no cruelty on him, there will be no shame on him. And he shall be protected from services which may foster racial religious in any other form, discrimination. Any kind of discrimination may be legal, religious, any way. You have to save him from all those services. This declaration came in 1959. After that the main declaration, which is more popular, which after that many nationals, almost all nationals signed it, signed it, signed it, signed it, signed it, signed it and made a law for it in their own country. That is United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989. So in 1989, World Readers made a historic commitment to the world's children by adopting the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Child. In 1989, the great leaders of the world made a historic commitment, a historic commitment that we will do this for all the children of the world. This will be their right to be protected. An international agreement on childhood. That is, taking the childhood, taking the childhood, taking the country, taking the country. It became the most widely rectified human rights tree, history has helped transform children's lives around the world. It is the most widely rectified. In the history of human rights, what was most talked about was that this is the tree. That is the beginning, the beginning. It helped a lot in transforming the lives of children of the world. It was approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 28th November, 1989. On 20th November, 1989, it was approved by the United Nations General Assembly and the convention was formally opened for ratification on 26th January, 1990. On 20th January, 1990, it was formally opened so that it can be established in Sandeep and India and the government have established it on 11th December, 1991. It, however, signed the convention thereby indicating general support for its principles and intention not to take actions that would actively undermine those principles. When you establish Sandeep on this issue, it means that you, who is written, who is the president, who is the president, who is the president, and you will not do any such thing in your own country, through which it is harmful, rather, you will work to flourish it. The CRC is the most complete statement of child rights ever made. It is the most complete statement of all the rights of children. I mean, you will see that there is no point in leaving it. And we have told you that it takes the 10 principles of the 1959 Declaration of the Rights of the Child, that is, the rights of the child that was declared in 1959, by taking the 10 principles of it and expanding it to a fourth article, of which 41 relates specifically to the rights of children covering almost every aspect of the child's life. The first 41 of which is covering every aspect of the child's life, there is no right to touch it. And the fourth article tells us how these rights have to be protected. That is, 41 is the law, and the fourth article, which has been talked about 41 above, is about their protection. So, its preamble is that it recalls the basic principles of the United Nations and specific provisions to certain relevant human rights, treaties and proclamations such as the UDHR. That is, it recalls, it recalls that the United Nations works on the basic principles of the human rights, and these specific provisions, that is, the human rights treaties and the UDHR recalls the basic principles of the human rights, re-afforms the fact that children, because of their vulnerability, need special care and protection. And this recalls the fact that children are vulnerable, that is, anyone can easily harm them. That is why they need special care and protection. And it places special emphasis on the primary caring and protective responsibility of the family. And it emphasizes the fact that the primary care and protection should come from the family, the need for legal and other protection of the child, the importance of respect for the cultural values of the child's community, the cultural values of the community should be respected, and the vital role of international cooperation in achieving the realization of children's rights. And the international cooperation should be met so that children can work for the protection of the rights of the children. This is the preamble of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989. Then look at this. These are your rights, in which the convention works. How will this work? And the rest of this is telling you from 1 to 42 that what is it? Because it cannot be expanded. It cannot be seen clearly. I cannot show it by breaking it. But now I will tell you from article 1 to 42. I will tell you very quickly. You can remember. Remember something that you are remembering. Remember that you have a close heart. Remember that you are more important than that. And if you can remember everything, then remember everything. So the first article that they have is article 1. It tells the definition of the child. First, they will call it a child. So they are saying that every person who is 18 years old is a child. Children are defined as all people and are 18 years old. Then the second article is article number 2. Since this is an article, you cannot say that article 2 and article 3 are related to article 4 and article 5. No, you remember less but remember what is written there. Then article 2 talks about non-discrimination. That is, the discrimination will not be done. All rights in the convention apply to all children without exception. See, this was also in 1959. That all these children will not leave anyone. And the state has an obligation to get children. And the state is obligated to protect every child. Then the best interest of the child, all actions concerning the child, must be based on his or her best interest. That is, you do not have to do anything for the child. Rather, you have to work according to the best interest. Implementation of rights. The state has an obligation to translate the rights of the convention into reality. That is, we do not have to write on paper. In fact, we have to see that the rights can be implemented. And who will do this? The state will do it. Then what is article 5? Parental guidance and child's evolving capacities as he or she grows. That is, this is the responsibility of the state to respect the rights and responsibilities of the parents. That is, the right and responsibilities of the parent are to be respected by the state. So that the child, who is its capacity, can be raised accordingly. Then article 6 is the development of the child. That is, he can survive and develop well. Article 7 is that every child's name is his nationality. Article 8 is that the identity of the child should be preserved. Keep him safe. Article 9 is separation from parents. The child has the right to live with his or her parents unless it is not deemed to be his or her best interest. The child has the right to maintain content with both parents if separated from one another. The child has the right to live with his or her parents unless it is deemed to be his or her best interest. If they are separated from each other, the child has the right to contact the parent whenever it is deemed to be his or her best interest. That is, you cannot deny that you cannot contact the parent because it is separated from your parents. Then the family reunification. The state has an obligation to foster and enable family reunification where children and parents live in separate countries. They are saying that if the child and the mother are living in different countries, then it is also a responsibility for their reunification. This is also a responsibility of the state. Article 10 is written in Article 11. Illicit transfer and non-return of children from abroad. The state has an obligation to try to prevent and remedy the illicit transfer and non-return of children abroad by parent or third party. If the child is not able to return to the foreign country, then the child's opinion should be kept in mind. It is written in Article 12. It has freedom to express what is written in Article 13. What is written in Article 14? Freedom of thought, consign, and religion. It should have the freedom to believe in the principles of the mind and the religion. It should have the freedom of association to meet other people and to make associations so that they do not try to fight against each other. Then it should be protected by privacy. It is an access to appropriate information. Parental responsibilities. It is said that the responsibility of the parent should be good upbringing. Protection from abuse and neglect. It is written in Article 19. It is written in Article 20. Protection of children without families. It is said that the state has an obligation to provide special protection for children without families. It is said that the family should be protected. It should ensure that appropriate family care and institutional placements are made available. It should be ensured that the appropriate family should be provided. It should be taken into account the child's cultural background. It should be taken into account the Mittagand din. In place where the adoption is recognised and allowed. It should be carried out in the best interest. It is said that a state should bring into the adoption believe that a child must be If he has any disability, then we have to take care of him properly and provide him with proper health services. Periodic review of placement in care settings. If we have to review him again and again for his care, then we have to take care of him properly and provide him with proper health services. This is Article 25. How many articles are there? 26 are Social Security. We have to give him social security. Article 27 is growing up free from poverty. We have to raise him up from poverty. Then Article 28 is about education. Article 29 is about education. The child has the right to education. The child should have the right to education. The state has a duty to make primary education compulsory and future. Do you know how many times it has been said that getting free and compulsory education is the right of the child? You have come to know that. Then it is about the aim of education. What is the right of education? Education should be directed at developing the child's personality and terms. What kind of education is there? The child's personality and challenges. Then Article 30 is about the children of minorities and indigenous people. If the child is from a minority community, then he should have the right to enjoy his culture. Laser recreation and cultural activities. He has the right to rest. He can do monorange. You can't always do this. Child labour. As for recreation, child labour will be discussed. The way he was adopted, the way he could give any alternative family. The way he was adopted, all of this is related to each other. Child labor, the state has an obligation to protect children from engaging in work. There are negative impacts there. The health care that is negatively impacted. It has to be protected from any work by the state. The state has to protect the child from such harm. So, drug abuse. Drug abuse is also a must in this article. Sexual exploitation is a must. It cannot be bought or saved from trafficking. And exploitation is a must in this article. Torture and deprivation of liberty. You cannot torture it. You cannot deny it. You cannot deprive it. You cannot reject it. Then, armed conflicts. They are saying that armed forces have to ensure that there is no child who is less than 15 years old. Rehabilitative care. If someone needs physical and psychological recovery, if someone has any neglect, exploitation or abuse torture, then we have to rehabilitate them. We have to put them in the center of the community. Then, administration of juvenile justice. In the case of juvenile justice, those who have children, and those who do not get justice, they are different from them. Article 41 says that respect for existing standards. If standards set in the national law of a country which has ratified the convention or in other applicable international instruments are higher than those in the convention on the rights of the child, which is the highest standard. People are saying that if there is a country where a convention is CRC, the rights of the child are higher. If there is a higher standard than that, then you should follow the highest standard. Do not harm the child in any way. Do not harm anyone. Do not harm anything. Article 42 says that it has an obligation to make the rights contained in the convention widely known to the children alike. That is, the obligation of the state is to provide the rights in the convention. Article 43 and article 44 say that states which ratified the convention must submit a report on implementation two years after ratification and every five years later. They are saying that all the states who have seen this, they will have to tell them what work they are doing in the country. They will have to report the implementation that they have done this to complete this article. In every five years, and article 45 that in order to foster the effective implementation of the convention and to encourage international cooperation the specialized agency of the UN that is, some of the United Nations specialized agencies are there so that you can implement this convention in a better way. Like ILO, International Labour Organization, WHO, World Health Organization, UNHCR, UNESCO, all involved in this process so that we can do everything on a level of cooperation. Many NGOs are involved in this and article 64 says that defining the conditions under which the convention comes into force. That is, it is somewhere differing that it is after a period of time but you should follow this that article 45 says this and article 64 says how to force the convention and how to make it into action. So, mainly you are seeing that your article 40 is about rights. Then article 41 and article 64 says how to force the convention. So much is coming. Remember as much as you want. But at least you should know that in 1959 January declaration which was five was expanded to ten and then in 1989 the ten was expanded to four. At least remember something like right to education aims of education its development parental responsibility as much as you remember it is a bit too much but now this is a complete you can say document in which no aspect is left you can see from article 64 to article 64 there is no such aspect which is related to the life of a child this convention is not related to that the entire aspect is covered so that the child is safe in the whole world So, next time we will talk about this next topic is that in India how to protect the children which policies programs you can say commissions what is said in the constitution legislation legislative framework so in this topic I have covered the United Nations convention the rights of the child is special difference to 1989 convention so I have completed this very topic so thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education I have done from my side