 So, this is just a motivation talk, but apart from that I will cover some of the projects that we are doing here, they are more of a research projects and I understand that you have come from different universities or institutes, so because of this academic inclination I would like to display some of the projects, some of the research projects that are going on and probably in the future you would like to do your highest studies, so you may think in those directions what type of areas are possible and you can you know you can link to your existing work that you are doing right now, so you will be working on projects, so what is summer internship, so I would like to define summer internship as a course, you must have had courses right, courses, subjects, yes, so what do you do in courses, normal courses, you actually keep on asking questions, you like to know the subject much better, so when did you understand that course is a course and after taking that course you know what that course is or you know well before in advance what that course is, so there are two different things, before taking a course you may have a very vague idea right of that course but after when you finish it you will have a proper idea, so summer internship is like that, once you finish summer internship you will understand summer internship, so all of these things you know when you take a course like programming, so what is programming, what is artificial intelligence, what is discrete mathematics, there may be thousands of courses, so when you go to a class first day a teacher gives you an introduction, so in the introduction not everything is clear, am I right or wrong or everything is clear in the introduction and then you say I do not want to attend, attend directly the exams, so introduction some things are clear not everything, so you are trying to think that this is a course is something like this, so this is part of say computer science, this is a part of electrical, part of mechanical but when you finish the course you will understand it, but go and look at the first class, the first introductory class what the faculty must have narrated introduction, so then you actually understand, you do not understand unless until you go and look at the introduction you will understand what this course covers, so it is like saying if I am reading a book, I finish reading a book, okay there may be different ways of reading a book, maybe serially or randomly choose a topic, so different ways the writer or an author normally has written a book in a particular fashion, so when you finish reading the book you go and read the introduction right, so now you understand this and there may be many books which are very, which are like in the same area like discrete mathematics four or five different books, but then each of them will give something different because that is the way the author works, so I would say what is what, now if you are able to answer what is artificial intelligence after going through a course for six months and I think that what you are used in your life for how many years, 20 years, so what is the meaning of that, I am confused, even I am confused today, so what is what, anybody sorry, some dictionaries say I think Webster and all those Oxford dictionaries, they say that interrogative way of asking questions, even why is also like that, how is also like that, okay, in fact this talk actually what I am giving you today is for six months actually I was thinking what is what and over for six months, this is the outcome of that six months and for six, that only 22 slides, for six months, only 22 slides, so you can understand it is very difficult, so I would say it is the most important axiom, how many people are from computer science, all, I have to run away, so I would say it is has anybody heard Godel's incompleteness theorem, has anybody taken formal logic, okay, so then I think I should use this or I can just tell, I do not want to use it, so you have a language L and then you have set of axioms on that language, so you define theorems based on those axioms and an existing hypothesis that you create for a particular problem solving or whatever, so you have a language, very simplest way of understanding Godel's theorem is that you have a language and then you have set of axioms on it and then you have theorems which are based on the axioms, actual base axioms, axioms, the fundamental thing that defines a language, now if you want to define, if you want to actually prove any axiom within that bound of a language you will not be able to prove it, so what do you do? You define a higher subset of a language, L dash, now these axioms, these axioms of this language L becomes a theorem in that language because it is a superset, sorry superset not subset, superset, so and then your new language L1 will have new axioms and those axioms you can still not prove in that new language also, so what is like that, I think so, but how do we understand it? I had a case when I was small, so somebody, I mean when kids you know, I was also kid but, so there was an exam and then somebody, I mean the question or something to do with why or what, what is something something, so person wrote an answer to how is something something, have you come across something like this? So if somebody asks you what is this and you say how is this, so I was thinking that maybe the person does not understand what properly or maybe you know there is some, the person does not perform well, something like that, but now it is so clear that the meaning of what was not understood and how do we understand the meaning of what is, occurrences of answers to those questions that, I think I do not know what, so you are told to buy hard something right, when you are small, so maybe that is helping what, so your question you know you have a what is something, your answers, answers, the answers you know if you if somebody answers somebody can find a question to it right and all of those answers that pattern in which they are answered are the same for what, for how, for why the pattern is the same, so I say if I can say that this is a pen drive, I can even say what is it not and I can mathematically if you go in a formal way of defining what is this, I can even say what is this not right, everything that is there in this world is not this, if I consider the unique in this world, so I consider this formulas very important, what and end, sorry this is end, you are not taken formal, I do not have much, I have, I do not have much formal logic or anything like that, just a simple formula, this is end and this is not, not of what, so these are the two formulas, you may find that your knowledge sometimes tells you that it is like this, but over a period of time somebody tells you something and then you say oh no it is not like oh now it is like this, so knowledge is changing every time, so what not is coming there, how it is changing, today you say that this is this and then you do not define it, you say that it is something like this, abstract and then as you go ahead you find that it is becoming concrete and concrete, now you understand it much better, so some of the things get transferred from here to here and then you understand what, is it boring, so it is a very funny thing, so there are fundamental axioms in life, six wives, one husband, there was a story, there was six wives, one husband, so they were named by that those words and they used to fight all the time, naturally six wives, one husband, but the husband would always say how, wife one of the wives would say what, why, which, who, what, you know all of them, they only ask those questions, they are not allowed to ask any other question, any other type of, one is missing, one is missing, where is she, one wife is missing, so in fact it is not a story, I created the story for the talk, so they used to keep on fighting, fighting, fighting, how, how is this, now you tell me how, some other person will say what, what is this, which is, I mean who and all of those questions and questions and in research you actually ask questions like this, so you keep on asking so that you infer something from something, you will not get knowledge at only one time, you will get knowledge many times and then you take, take, take and then you put it together and that becomes your core knowledge, even in life it is the same, it is not different, so that is my title actually, what and not, not of what, universal paradox, circular, oscillating and self-referential, I did not put it on the first, first slide because instead of sitting you people might run away, okay, so y circular, now I am getting algebra right in to see why it is circular and self-referential, so I need, I am trying to now define circularity, a simple example, 7 standard, 8 standard, 9 standard example, so x square plus 1, so that is square, x square plus 1 equals 0, so x is equal to minus 1 upon x, do you agree, yes or no, yes and I do not want to solve it the way the mathematician solve it, so I will solve it in slightly different way, so in this case if I want to get a value of x, I need to put in the value of x, so I put 1 I get minus 1, I put minus 1 I get 1, am I right, the paradox, mathematical paradox, algebraic paradox, so I would say it is same as imaginary, I think you must have guessed it is imaginary i, root of minus 1 whatever, so I say what is like i, to get the meaning of that what is like i, this as well as this, but you should know what to put where, so another example I can give you, if you want to know what is circularity, this I put on the reference 1 and 4, so you can see at the end I will show the reference, what I will mention that is one monograph, you must have heard of art of computer programming, yes, yes art, art here is an art, you are an artist, puzzle solving, putting things properly, if a puzzle is having 5 solutions then you are happy, art, so in the index, you go in the index and you will find, you have to read only index, nothing else, so do not read anywhere where is circular definition, he has mentioned circular definition but he has not explained anywhere, so you go in the index, do you know what is an index and end of a book, so go to the index and find circular definition, circular definition, SEE, C, SEE, SEE, C dot D and then go to C dot D and you will find SEE, C, circular definition, authors write in a very different fashion, actually he is a great person actually, he has won a Turing award and his name is Donal, Konath, must have heard of Konath, art of computer programming, 3 volumes, only read the first volume, so like imaginary and circular, imaginary as in minus 1 root of minus 1, so you really do not define it in this world, there is no meaning for root of minus 1 but they are used heavily in digital signal processing and all those different theories use root of minus 1 to effectively do something better with that, so I think our mind cannot think so much, I heard that there is some theory, attention theory, attention theory it says that you can do three, you can do two things at one time, two things at one time is possible, not more than that, so you are always limited by whatever is there, real life limitations are there and you have to be confined to that particular environment and within those that confined environment you have to go ahead and do something, can anybody see seven dimension here, seven dimension, I cannot see seven dimension but I want to know if anybody can see higher dimensions, I am just establishing connections, so it is imaginary with respect to real values, that is imaginary with respect to real world knowledge, phi, oh phi is same as what actually, I am representing phi as any word that appears in your dictionary, so this is still an open problem, nobody will be able to solve it in another 1000 years, so reference is some formal logic, always I have been forgetting this, my paradoxes are important, just now we saw it was a paradox, what and not and what of poetry, when you hear poetry you like it, is there anybody who can give me one phrase of a poetry which is having a paradox, I am sure there are many which I will display, what do people do, you do computer science or computer science people are not taught poetry, paradox, but what happens we like it, is a paradox like it, but if you present it nicely you will like it, I am saying I am here, I am still I am not here, you may not like it, so this is what Brooke says, this contradictions are inherent in a poetry and in our feelings that if those contradictions did not exist, if this contradiction never existed, then you would have not formed that base from you know getting the feelings out of a person and they are very important poetry, but not in computer science, so what we have to do, we have to take paradox, paradoxical things and convert it into a real world phi, formula phi, phi is the formula, so that is why we have the best poetry, best of the poetry that we have today, so paradox, our sweetest songs are those, sorry, our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thoughts, is it possible, is it possible, nobody likes to respond is it, in the class also you do the same thing, look at the professor, smile at the professor and the second one, the first one Francis comes, I come back to where I have never been, I was shocked and I saw this, how it is possible, it is a paradox, why you like it, that is the problem, you like those things which are paradox, even me, I love this, so I do not think we have evolved programmatically, like the way computer program is written, but we have evolved with inferencing things, we deduce inferences from whatever we hear and we also know what are fallacies, in those inferences we deduce even fallacies, but it is hard to change, when paradox is around us and if you find a poet friend of yours, it will be more difficult, you may accept everything, so I say understand the importance of 6 Ws and 1 H, so that will tell us what is what and what is what not and what is it not, so if you have been able to pose, say the only way of knowing what, the meaning of what itself or meaning of how, meaning of any of these things, you take the help of others to pose a question, you pose question, you take the help of others to understand something, understand something else, so like this you build your knowledge on those 6 Ws and 1 H only, yes, you get knowledge only when you ask questions, you do not get knowledge when you take knowledge from others, you get knowledge only when you ask questions, so do not take this thing which I tell you, because this is meant for like, this is my way of looking at it, but your way may be different, yes, and of course you may have a better way of doing things, so you ask questions and you ask, probably you do not get answer from anybody, but then that question that you ask is so important that it rings in your mind every time, dual ring is okay, no, impedance or what, carrier wave is there I think, carrier, so modulation is not problem, so asking questions are fundamental things and that is what, and it is not easy actually, that is the problem, even in IIT Bombay it is not easy, so we say that we ask question, but many people do not do you feel shy because somebody will say that, oh, what little question is this, so that is why you do not ask questions, it is very sad, so I just read out this, actually I have given this talk many times for N Tech students and others, so much of the things are same and you must have seen there is no date and there is no, there is no date, there is no title, so that talk can be given anywhere, it is a very generic talk, it can fit anywhere, so in turn you will be able to learn those and be able to understand how we learn, and asking what, why, where, actually you learn from all this, which may motivate you in doing problem solving, that is how you solve problem, have you ever defined a problem, any problem, how do you solve a problem, I give you a problem, I have to design a traffic controller for IIT main gate outside because traffic is so heavy, how do you design it, traffic controller, computer science problem, it is not electrical problem, computer science problem, I need to design a traffic controller from a computer science point of view, how would you do it, how would you formulate a problem and you have to formulate a problem first, so you have to ask question, how many traffic lights you want, one light, two lights, three lights, how many roads are there, what is the width of the road, how many vehicles can pass through, questions, somebody will answer, you have to hunt for it, and what is that you want to achieve by doing that, there must be some objective, behind every problem solving there is no objective, there are constraints, I cannot have 100, 100 meter wide road, may be not possible, I have a constraint, I have 3 meters or 6 meters wide road, I cannot design more than that, there are constraints, how do you do that, another way of looking at a problem is not just solve a problem but relate it to something else which you already solved, I can very well relate a traffic problem at the main gate, you have seen main gate, IIT Bombay main gate outside, very difficult, I can relate this problem very well to the connections between wifi and the tablets, so it is like saying there are two islands, there are two islands, I have a bridge in between an island, two islands, I have a bridge in between an island and this bridge allows me to send only this much, nothing more than that, and I have to have green and red signals, both the sides, see how you relate problem, that is how you capture constraints of a problem, and then objective function may be different, but constraints capturing helps you when you relate two different things, even nature, nature has given a lot of things, so be very wide when you look at something, it may be civil engineering, but you may turn out to be a computer science problem, anything, so it would not be different than doing PhD or MTAW, this is solving any problem, even for that matter, life also will be same, so you get married and fighting in the house, kids are there, optimization problem, constraint, but I do not think, if you start writing down those constraints when you get married, you will have more problems, either wife is safe, so I have motivation for using six W's and one H, I keep six honest serving men, they taught me all I knew, their names are what and why and when and how and where and who, Rudiard Kipling, I must have heard, but he did not do computer science as a poet, writer, everywhere it is used, everywhere, and you have to use what, where, how, so I started framing my own way of looking at what and how and where, so you need six W's and one H along with their compliments, not a good one, but I tried, how do you achieve perfection, take the help of single W's and one H only, of course take help of other people, but use it properly, so simple way to understand what, I mean any of this, I mean how to achieve perfection, you just write a sentence on anything, anything that has happened or maybe newspaper, the way you write, the writers, newspaper writers, you can just start writing anything and then keep on changing that, feel it is perfect and you will find that English sentence is the way you write, there will be a lot of ambiguities in that and those ambiguities lead to such paradoxes, so let us remove those ambiguities by framing, continuously framing, you know iteration, ten iteration, hundred iteration, it is not that you are wasting time, but you are learning, you are learning, you know how to put comma somewhere, you know how to put something somewhere, it will be equivalent to saying, you know how would you put a semi-colon in your statement, C statement, this is how perfection works, perfection, you do not get perfection by just taking knowledge and just doing things, if I do something, I actually rewrite a program, suppose I write a program, I rewrite the same program again or if I design something, I redesign it, I keep on doing that, till I feel it is okay, continuously do that, so this is just the outcome, if you do it now, tomorrow also the same, it would not be different, so I have used here, this is system dynamics actually, I have used poetries, I have used formal logic, I have used algebra and I have used system dynamics, this is clear, so in system dynamics you have, so there are two species, I give an example, there are two species, you plot two species on x and y coordinates, the only two species in this world, so both of them eat each other, so how the graph would look like, if both of them live on each other, so one species eating another species, this species eating this species, how the graph would look like, so when a certain species is eating other species, they are going down, now they do not have anything more to eat, so they will die, so when they die, these people, when they die, these people increase, so when these people are dying now, because they do not have more to eat, so when they die, this species die, they increase here, and now they eat completely, this species eat completely, because they are more in number, so now they come here, now they will die because they do not have food to eat, so this will be like this, this is an ellipse, so there are three things, I got this from my professor, so I mean your hard work, enjoy and play, three things that I like to do, so hard work because you have to do some work, then it is up to you whether you have to do hard work or not, and then enjoy because play, play first, no enjoyment first, play, burn your calories and then enjoy, because all three are very important, two of these is not a choice, so you have to do all three, and I have plotted it using system dynamics, the way as I told you, give an example, the ellipse, if you keep on doing very hard work, you will not understand this, because you will not be able to relate to some other area, like for example, I love spending time with chemical engineering students or some people who are doing research in chemical engineering, some people doing research in medical, some people doing research in psychology, some people doing research in history, so I keep on talking to them, so I ask them what is the problem, what is the challenging problem there, what are different challenges that you have, so it so happens sometimes that you will find a solution, maybe not in your area, but you will find a solution somewhere else, and now you have to take that solution and get it here, that is research, so I keep on talking, and then you cannot just do hard work only in one area, just you will go mad, so you have to enjoy, you have to play also, so while playing also you may get some problems, if you relate it to your work, of course there will be a solution, there may not be a solution also, but at least to identify a problem that there is a problem somewhere, you can see that two different areas are how they are meeting each other, two different areas, so that is the analogy that you follow, so these arrows which are there, they tell you how fast you should go and how slow you should be going, and if you do it much faster, you may not, and then there are, if you play, if you do something, this is my fundamental thing I believe, not necessarily everybody should believe, so if you do something, I understand, and when you say I understand, I start liking it, and when I start liking it, I am doing it again, and I understand more, so that is a normal process, many people tell me, I do not like mathematics, many people say I do not like mathematics, they do not think they do not like mathematics, they do not understand, so they have not been able to reach here, and then they do not like it, actually I have been liking almost everything now, so I read almost medicine sometimes, sometimes physics, sometimes chemistry, anything that I get to read, and I can see how much computer science is closer to any of this than in computer science, so this is a one day cycle, not necessarily you should follow it, and I have not been able to follow this also, it is very difficult, so how do you think critically, and why you should be thinking so critically, in fact I will not answer why, I will actually give a reference from George Polia, only the main headings are important here, if you want you can, I may put it somewhere, this is one of the things which are more important when you are actually trying to solve a problem, any problem, even a programming problem or any problem, so George Polia is a great mathematician, and that is how, I mean he has been able to understand the problem first, properly understand it, he asks questions there, what is unknown, what is the data, what is the condition, is it possible to satisfy the condition, all of these questions, different types of questions, you understand the problem properly, and then you devise a plan, based on what you understood, and then you see, could you respect the problem, or is the third, fourth point here, here is a problem related to yours, and solved before, somebody has already solved a very same problem, so it may be in bio life sciences, may be in medicine or anywhere, but can you use it, that is the first thing, can you use it, and you do not reinvent the bill, otherwise you will not be in 2012, you will be in 1990, for example if I go in a jungle, and I, or a person who has never seen city life, any of this outside life, not exactly city life, but a person who has never seen anything, he is in a jungle, and then he invents a bulb, he comes out of the jungle and says, I invented something in 2012, what will happen, what will happen, that is the problem, do not reinvent anything, use first, and then you see when something is not available, then you invent, it is applicable everywhere, and then you do iterations and iterations, no it is not easy, it is difficult, it is a hard work, not a hard work, and then you carry out the plan, and then you look back, the whole of iterations, so I think I will stop here, that is better, so that you can continue with your technical discussions, and I actually wanted to show you some of the projects actually, just over a glance at what we are doing, so mostly I have, in fact I hear and I forget, I see and I remember, and I do and I understand, so if you are in either, if you are completing all these three, that is great, so these are the references, the list of projects, I am just showing you because, some of them have already been going on, so they are in some virtualizations, I am just showing you because, you have that academic inclination, you have come to do something, so I am not saying you take these projects and leave those projects, those projects are important, these are fairly complex projects, they take you at least one year to solve each of these topics, and you know, virtualizations, and you know, P2Bs, that is physical to, virtual resource allocation, databases, then e-learning, so they are very broad actually, very broad, and then big data, how do you handle, big data like using Hadoop, so Hadoop, big table, Google, have you heard of Google? Facebook? Oh yes, so big data, huge data, so how do you handle all this, issues, problems, research problems, so scheduling, real-time scheduling of wireless communications, then protocols, performance analysis, application, educational applications, and then some energy efficient applications, so these are very broad areas that we look into, there are almost like 20 different, almost 30 different students are working on this, in our group actually, so, and if you find like, you know, something is very close, you know, like you can always talk to the students, they will tell you better, they have been working on such, and then if your project is coming very close to something, that you need help, they are always available, you know, so I stop here,