 technology we'd rather sort of lay out that that foundation today so we all have an understanding and frankly so those who are on the other side of the issue of someone who's up here showing something have had a preview of it and can help you prepare to our our goal is to get the best information we can from both sides so that's really what we're here to do and with that I think we'll just get started so there will be no transcript or we are videotaping it and for those of you who have told us we'd like you to copy this before the hearings we're going to do our utmost to get those to you we're a government agency so don't expect too much out of our tech people they're telling us we're not sure we can get it to you you know in 24-hour turnaround but we're going to our best to get it to you before next Friday's hearing okay fair enough it's possible that during the course of the demonstrations some of us from the copyright office may have questions and those questions will be about what you're showing us again not about the law and policy stuff so we may ask it's also possible some of you out there who might be for example on the other side of an issue might have questions we really don't want to turn this into a debate but if someone does have a question but we ask rock we have cards out there you said in the back all right right the question on a card to pass it up to us and we'll make a judgment as to whether it makes sense for that question to be asked we do have a schedule we want to keep to that's part of it and again we don't want to turn today into an debate today is showing tell me so thank you so I'm Dan our back I'm a staff technologist in the electronic frontier Foundation and I'm here to give kind of a basic gentle overview of jailbreaking so here are two classes of exemptions that were for the electronic foundation that relates to jailbreaking all sort of breathe them both together the first class is about video game consoles in the second class is about smartphones and tablets but read together it's computer programs and enable lawfully acquired video game consoles or smartphones tablets in case of class 5 to execute lawfully acquired software applications or circumventions undertaken for the purpose of enabling interoperability of such applications on the gaming console so that's really when I say jailbreaking that's what I'm referring to so the goals of this presentation is as I said to give kind of a general gentle introduction to jailbreaking so I want to talk about what locking down means what jailbreaking means and what jailbreaking allows you to do and from the perspective of an end user one of us who wanted to go home and jailbreak our iphone what that process would look like perhaps many of you have already done that but for those who haven't this will be an introduction okay so this is just the structure of the presentation and so I should say that I'm gonna hopefully have some time at the end for questions but if something comes up and it's very unclear feel free to ask a question during the presentation okay what is jailbreaking so I just wrote a long definition but kind of when you boil it down this is the definition that I think makes the most sense in kind of a short break which is getting administrative access to the device when we talk about jailbreaking really this is what you should be thinking about so jailbreaking lets you do a lot of different things so it makes lets you make use of device resources so often if a device is locked down you won't be able to to use all the resources for instance you won't be able to have unfettered network access you won't be able to have access to the file system things like this you can also play independently created games you can use approved apps so for instance the Apple App Store lets you or requires that apps be approved and they have to go to the Apple approval process with the jailbroken phone or tablet you're able to use apps that are not approved by Apple and finally you can do things your device manufacturer can't anticipate I'm I put that there just to highlight that jailbreaking isn't only about doing things that the person controlling the platform doesn't want you to do it's also about I see okay so yeah so I was saying that doing things that your device the manufacturer can't anticipate so the idea is that it's not only about trying to get around Apple's intentions sometimes what you're doing fits very well with Apple's intentions but they just didn't anticipate a certain need so one example of this is there is a privacy leak with respect to the iPhone where the if you got a text message even before you unlock the iPhone the text of the text message would kind of scroll across the top yeah it's convenient feature but also a privacy problem because anyone walking by contents of your text message even if they didn't unlock the phone so with a jailbroken phone this was fixed there was a mode that stopped it from happening and Apple eventually followed suit and offered that same function okay so just to put it in context a bit devices are getting more powerful and this is why jail breaking more important just an example the PlayStation has in addition to being able to play games it's a Blu-ray player it has a fully featured browser you can put a description to a bunch of video services that you can just plug and play with the US keyboard USB keyboard and mouth has a very powerful graphics processing unit in that chart at the bottom you can't really read it so I'll read it but it's basically a study of how people use gaming consoles and let's see so I yeah let me try to stand over here so it's 22% of uses for online gaming 19% is for watching DVDs and Blu-ray so this study was done in the UK and that'll come up in a second 12% is for browsing the internet 9% is for watching BBC programs programs is of course felt with an extra M&E 4% is for watching live TV 20% is for watching video content and I think that's 11% is for watching IPTV I didn't make sure I was at it up but it's a bit hard to okay so that's just kind of a backdrop of what we're talking about and why it's important so now I want to shift gears and sort of talk about the basic technology behind locking something down and what jailbreaking really is so this is kind of a a picture of the main the following slides will be a picture of the main so this in the olden days you just had a device and it ran software of course that software would have to be compatible with the device but pretty much there were no additional checks beyond that and I should say that this is still more or less the status quo for computers right now personal computers laptops and still kind of operate so now let's talk about what locking down means so the foundation of how to lock something down is based on something called public key cryptography which was a concept invented in the 70s that has had enormous implications for our society underlies our e-commerce and it's an incredibly interesting subject unfortunately I won't be able to it's beyond the scope of this presentation to talk in too much detail about it which is sad for me because I'm a math guy and I really think it's cool but I'll just give a very brief overview of the basic mechanism that underlies walking things down so it's called a digital signature and the way it works is there's two keys a private key and a public key and these two keys are mathematically linked such that you can encrypt something with a private key and it can be decrypted with a public key so you want to distribute that public key widely you want everyone to have it and you just want to keep your private key private and what this allows you to digitally sign have a hashing algorithm where you create a little message digest from whatever the original document was and then you encrypt it with a private key and doing so allows anyone with a corresponding public key to verify ah this this document has been signed by the party that has that private key and so in the context of locking down a device the basic idea is that software gets signed by either a manufacturer platform owner so you can imagine that the software is an Apple app excuse me an app store app from Apple and the device is an iPhone and so the device will only has the public key corresponding to Apple's private key and so it'll only run software that has Apple's signature on it and if it's if you try to run other software it'll say wait a second I don't see this the signature and I only have this one public key corresponding to Apple so I can't run the software but so this is kind of the basic idea but we're not really locked down yet because as long as you control the device you could for instance add another key so suppose you say well I trust a software from Microsoft as well so that blue key corresponds to things that are signed by Microsoft I'm gonna add Microsoft's public key to my little key store my device and now I'll be able to run software from Apple or from Microsoft so locking down is this next step where basically the platform owner or the manufacturer doesn't want you to be able to mess with the keys in that way they want to kind of create a jail and I use air quotes because there is kind of a technical term jail that's distinct from this that I'm not I'm not using I'm just talking about in kind of a general context the idea is that the mechanism that allows you to to figure out which software to run and the keys that that are used to verify that software they don't want you to have control over that so this is kind of the really fundamental idea behind locking something down it's taking away control over that part of the device and jailbreaking simply put is just getting back to the situation so I want to emphasize that the jail in this case can be extraordinarily complex it itself can involve private keys and public keys and this story kind of has a lot of twists and turns but fundamentally this is what it's about it's about stopping you from controlling the part of the device where you can decide what software to run so this is relevant in different contexts the story at home so for instance a bootloader is the piece of code small piece of code that runs when you start up a device and it selects which operating system to run so in this case you could have assigned operating system your bootloader would say I'm only gonna load you know this sort of operating system I'm only gonna load windows and if you jailbreak that allows you to say okay well I now I can load the next this so the same story works in the context of an iPhone verifying apps or a console verifying games so that gives kind of a little general overview of jailbreaking and at the core what locking down things me now I wanted to turn to jailbreaking for the iPhone so I have an iPhone here it's already jailbroken the actual process of jailbreaking is quick enough that I might have been able to do it live at this demo however loading the software that I wanted to demonstrate afterwards is takes time so instead I just pre-jailbroken ideally I'd have two phones and I jailbreak one and the other one to be ready but we're not profited EFF and we do the best we can with our limited resources okay so the two points I want to cover for jailbreaking the iPhone are what does it look like from an end user how do you jailbreak your iPhone and also what does it allow you to do so there are lots of different hardware and software versions I'm not going to go through the slide in detail but suffice it to say that this just shows that you know a new firmware version will come out or a new phone will come out and then on the order of a couple months there'll be a jailbreak or it'll either be a new jailbreak or a kind of a derivative of an old jailbreak that still works okay so how did jailbreak from a user perspective well for old versions of iOS it turns out it was incredibly simple all you had to do was take your phone open the safari browser go to jailbreakme.com and that little thing on the right would appear and then you just slide and your phone it takes some time maybe five minutes and then your phone is jailbroken so it's really that easy to do to do this so later versions by OS so this demo device is running iOS 5.0.1 I use an exploit called the red snow to jailbreak this device and it was also quite easy not quite as easy as just visiting a website but essentially you just have a USB cable you attach it to your computer you download software on your computer and you run it and it will jailbreak your phone so it's a pretty easy process the total times five minutes maybe 15 minutes of nervous googling to make sure that you're not going to break your device but after that the actual jail breaks just five minutes or so okay so once you jailbroken one of the things I want to highlight is there's this extremely pervasive city alternative app store it's an open source alternative to the Apple app store and it has 4.5 million weekly users 10 million dollars in revenue it forbids pirated apps it also forbids things like adult content and also just want to highlight that it's not just free stuff some apps sell for money and city of tethering is an example of that and I will show that in just a second so I'm gonna now display my phones my phone on this computer screen using this protocol called BNC and or this service called BNC and it looks like it's already working and it's important to note that I could only do this I can only do this because this phone is jailbroken so it allowed me to download the software if it weren't for a jailbroken phone I wouldn't be able to do this in this demo so you might notice that the theme has changed this is one of the kind of cool things you can do with a jailbroken iPhone and to do that you just open this winterboard application and you can change things here I'm not going to do it now because it would require kind of restarting part of the phone but that's the basic idea so now I just wanted to kind of give a little bit of an overview of what city it looks like so again this is the alternative app store so there's a ton of products here I'll just go to my why so you know there are an enormous amount of applications available to do this so this costs $20 and allows you to tether your phone for those of you who don't know tethering means several of us are doing it right now I believe tethering means using your 3g connection on your phone as a Wi-Fi access point so this is enormously convenient when you're on your laptop and there's no Wi-Fi available and you have your phone you can just turn it to an access point and then use the internet with your computer turns out carriers don't like this they don't want you to be able to use their data plans this way so as a result you cannot do this without a jailbroken phone but with a jailbroken iPhone there's a bunch of different apps that let you do this this one costs 20 bucks as available through Zidio okay so I'm going to move on from this part of the demo so in addition to kind of doing cool stuff having games and access to apps that you wouldn't otherwise there's also very important things that you can do by jailbreaking your phone so VPNs virtual private networks are an important mechanism for security if you are a dissident in Iran for instance and are being monitored by your government you want a very secure VPN in order to be able to to use your phone and know that your communications aren't being spied on so this at this situation actually just came up recently with the co-worker of ours our wonderful web developer Micah he wanted to use a VPN service this is a screenshot from their website they compare the two clients they support open VPN or PPTP and I'll just read the top line about security they say they're comparing these two they say open VPN creates a very secure connection PPTP although commonly used PPTP provides little security against a targeted attack so open VPN is good PPTP is bad this is the sort of thing that can really mean life and death if you are under surveillance unfortunately without a jailbroken iphone PPTP is the only option for you so in order to improve your security in a meaningful way you have to jailbreak your iphone okay let's move on to jailbreaking for the Wii I think I have a few minutes left so I'll try to be quick so the there's kind of two big appeals to jailbreaking the Wii there's the homebrew channel so there's a large community of people who create independent games and homebrew channel allows them allows you to play those and I'll show that just a second and also you can get Linux on the Wii and let me just turn it on so this is the only screen that will be showing the Wii's output this is the fun part of the presentation now the boring part so this is the homebrew channel as you can see it fits very nicely with the aesthetics and so here are some games that I've downloaded maybe this one will be memorable to some so here we go behold technology okay turning it off and turning it back on again yeah I was hoping I would be able to avoid that I'm certain anyway I'll just turn it back on yeah just one final thing I wanted to show is the homebrew browser so this just gives a sense of how many games are available and things like that oh I so while I'm doing this I should say that the actual process of jailbreaking the Wii very similar to the iphone is very easy it requires you you get an sd card you put in your computer you download some software then you stick it here in the Wii and then you have to kind of navigate to this little letter bomb thing and you you click on it and you're jailbroken so this just gives kind of a sense of how many games and emulators and stuff like that are on this so here are all the games there's also kind of demos emulators media utilities so you can download any of these and plan you can also do stuff as a developer that you wouldn't be able to do otherwise I have something where you can dump the memory for instance so that just gives kind of a basic overview of what jailbreaking looks like for the Wii and the iphone and that concludes my presentations so thank you and if you have any questions I'd be more than happy to answer them thank you in class 4 and class 5 so the goal of the presentation is to demonstrate the capabilities that jailbreaking provides for developers so basically as Dan touched on two things jailbreaking can give you is unlocking the bootloader which allows you to install a custom ROM or custom kernel on the device which can give you extra capabilities or attending root access on the device so for an operating system like Android which is based on Linux it has the concept of user permission and in classic Unix form the root user is the super user that has no restrictions on their own commissions so getting root access allows you to do anything you want so first thing I'm going to demonstrate is we've already had automated testing for all of our platforms all of our tier one platforms so that's Linux Mac and Windows so in order for Android to become a tier one platform and was a lot we need to have the automated testing framework work on Android in order to get that fully operational we needed root access on these devices to get around all of the permission issues so not only do we run these automated tests on every check-in into our code across stories but developers can also run them locally on like this so here I'll show what we call mochi tests and these basically test for functionality for rendering content on the web and as you'll see this test suite loads various pages in an iFrame and compares them against reference images so it will load something that's supposed to be rendered as a green square and checks that it actually is a green square by screenshot again just second to the tests on the device and bring to the browser so you see Firefox for Android see the this little iFrame here is loading various tests which are part of the W3C test suite this allows different browsers to interoperate and things on the web you render the same in Firefox for Android for us sorry for the next floor and it will continue to run these on the console here it's giving me the results when we run these in automation the results get printed out and posted on our website so that you can see how your patch did we don't have to watch the whole thing run so this is an example of the power that having root access gives us next I'm going to show a tool called Valgrind this is a very powerful tool that developers can use Linux being that Android is based on the next we're able to so I have set a property on the device to launch with Valgrind when I launch and launch the browser via the command line the one thing to note is that Valgrind is very things down and it installs a lot of books so it will take a moment for the browser to come up but on the console I will show you what the developer sees you can see this output from Valgrind waiting for the browser to come up just through this process each one of these lines is an error that Valgrind this particular tool within Valgrind suite called NEM check found while the browser is running so far for us was this pretty good all the other errors it's found into the operating system nothing would get it does take a couple minutes for complete more errors that it's finding for potential errors I should say these could be completely harmless harmless however they weren't investigation by developer and you see the browser now up see the output that's come through the startup process you can see the browsers up and running because Valgrind slows things down so terribly I will not go through too many more of this in fact just bringing up the menu you put it turn off the device Valgrind and show a more classic debugging tool again if there's any questions feel free to ask them I know a lot of this is actually fairly technical so again from the console I'm going to launch Firefox with the bugger attached this time without Valgrind you see it does actually come up switching back over to the console you can see this is the debugger it is loading in the libraries from the device so we can get all the symbols so that once something wrong goes wrong it can tell you what went wrong this hydraulic module is lower so that will take again okay so it's come up I'm just gonna tell you continue to run and I know to demonstrate this put a bug in here intentionally should note the GB does slow it down just a little less so then in order to so the bug I put in here is when when we go to show the file picker there's an old winner so my little test site asked the browser to show a picture you might see this on a quick pic or something although you won't now they won't let you upload a file from a phone anymore so they want you to use their app I didn't see so I got that cycle the bugger comes up I can get a backtrace on it and see see where how we got to this point in the program so one interesting thing about arm versus x86 on the technical side is you don't have stack wonders which means that in order for the debugger to recreate the stack it needs to actually read the libraries to figure out how much that each function I'll get it to walk its way back on the stack so I'll just show you that you can then go and show you the code where this was a call from and you can walk the stack by looking at the different frames you can see where I put and equals now and then what we've got on our point here is the last thing I like to show is good to go so this is a off-the-shelf galaxy s2 that because we had an unlocked the litter we were able to install our own operating system in fact we're just able to install our own operating system we were able to create our own operating system the interesting thing about this is for various reasons which I don't pretend to speculate on carriers don't particularly like jailbreaking however we need to get go carriers are lining up to go and sell this operating system which was made possible by jailbreaking so you see we've the point of you to get those it's very small Linux kernel that runs the entire shell as Firefox each one of the apps so this is actually the Firefox brother browser running within food to get go so Firefox running in Firefox which is very meta apparently the Wi-Fi is not working very well so I'll stick to things that don't require Wi-Fi such as a phone dialer to get go offerings some provides all these advice API's such that you can actually make a call through the browser so this is a website that is local to the device that can dial a number and make the call and that's about it I have to demonstrate are there any questions the question was we didn't have rude access on devices how would that render our ability to develop software so there are things you can do without read access for instance from Android 2.2 and above you can mark an application as debuggable and it will allow you with a command line to run with the permissions of that application which allows you to actually detach GTV to a debuggable application however that means that would be a security law for our production builds that we would not want to give our users so in order to debug the production bills we have we need to have read access on the devices in addition to that there was a bug in the implementation of it's called run-ass is the feature in Android is a bug in that implementation they basically said that there can be no more than I think it was 496 bytes in this file that listed out all of the all of the applications that can be debugged so for many phones that come with a lot of pre-installed software when you when you get the phone there's maybe one two spots left for debug applications after that you're done so even for a private developer that wants to develop software you want to do it I had a Motorola matrix that would not allow me to use run-ass because it was out of space so that bug has been fixed in ICS but still you cannot run GTV on you can have run GTV on production bills of Firefox because of that implementation for Valgrind it would not be possible at all for Valgrind we need a custom kernel that allows loading of certain probes to get the information it uses to monitor the memory in addition to for most hardware the amount of symbols that Valgrind loads is more than the memory on the device so you need to create a kernel that has swap enabled and swap allows you to write up to disk have virtual memory basically and build a kernel that allows swap and enable swap on that device in order for Valgrind to be over on outside and I also showed the automated testing we wouldn't be able to do the automated testing or an under the device there are some so our tools in general require root if we're in a world that did not have root we could write more limited tools that only did the things that we could do without root but we would not be able to run the full suite of tests and I don't think was considered Android to be a tier one platform if we weren't able to run those tests and of course we wouldn't be able to install we wouldn't have been able to create a boot to get up my name is Brett like I'm from New Yorkers for fair use and I'm here today to talk about ownership of computing devices really this device that you see in front of you it's a Android device made by Samsung I gave Sprint a couple hundred dollars for it a couple years ago but I don't actually own the device that might be something that people think is odd but I don't own the device Sprint still owns the device because unlike the presenters that gave the excellent presentations before me I have not jailbroken this phone and very technical person been in the technical field for 30 years it's well within my capabilities to do but I decided you know what I want to see what everybody has to put up with that doesn't actually own their computing device so among the things that you have to put up with if you're in this category of users is your carrier shoving software down to your phone that you don't want even if you turn off updates which I have done on this phone I'm just going to show you one of the applications that got onto the phone by the carrier shovel shoving it down in that the dead of night it's this thing called wear that's right here now I have no idea what this thing does I don't want it and the interesting thing is that if you go to the tool it allows you to manage the applications by default on an Android device you can't find it to remove it in checking with friends of mine who've had the same device and have indeed jailbroken it they're like well yeah that's the only way I could get rid of that thing and fortunately most carriers do some sort of check some on your operating system and won't shove down jump to a jailbroken phone and even if they do you're well within your capabilities to remove it but you can see this list is an alphabetical order and where is not showing up so obviously I don't own my phone because I can't control it now we'll give another quick demonstration of this is going to open up a terminal program this gives me a local Linux show on this Android device and you can see we've got an attempt here to remove a file this this a knit goldfish rc is not something that I actually installed on the phone it appeared much like that where application appeared after my carrier sprint decided to shove updates at me so I tried to remove it and you see it says failed permission denied why did that fail if you look at the permissions there those of you that are Unix literate will recognize that only the root user has the ability to write that file which means only the root user has the ability to remove it there are tons of files in the Android operating system they get marked such that the ordinary user cannot remove it if it's illegal for the ordinary user to gain control at the lowest level of their computer then they don't actually own their computer and let's not kid ourselves these small devices are computers this device has more computing power than the computers that used to run the IRS 20 years ago the fact that we even have to be here and talk about this talk about what I can do with private property that I have bought or at least that I thought I bought and we have to be begging for permission from the government to make full use of our property is ludicrous so these are some of the harms of the DMCA when it comes to computing devices if people don't have control of their computing devices they don't really own them and they can't do with them what they want and at this point I'm going to turn the floor over to my associate Jay Salisberger I'm going to repeat what the other people here have said perhaps in a louder more annoying voice let's see I don't have any demonstration I'll tell you a story yesterday I bought a used computer it's one of the more recent Lenovo's the guy under price that there must be something wrong with it but it looked okay in Manhattan yesterday it's 220 bucks I looked at it running windows made some joke about and then I bought it walks out of the little restaurant we've met I pull out of my pocket a USB storage device and I stuck it in it's got a bootable operating system on here and it turns out that when you start up these laptops it has an order the first part start up hardware has an order it looks around for an operating system in the order the hard drive I think the network and then the third thing it looked for was a USB hard drive such as this thing and I went and there's some little thing you click on it and you move it around usually and you can then boot from the USB hard drive and it said in the bio screen to use the technical term it said you're not allowed because you're not the administrator of this machine to change the order of boot now I called the fellow who just sold it to me this is not 15 minutes he said oh yeah let me tell you the bios password I heard it correctly I put it in and I booted up my operating system on my hardware that I owned my operating system of choice I'm just gonna repeat what Brett said this is the central issue this is not copyright issue and literally millions of Americans there are over a million Americans who understand this this is an issue of our right to own a computer if the register of copyrights and people from the Commerce Department and the Librarian of Commerce don't give us formal don't give us back our formal legal right to own a computer then this country people of this country will lose the right to have a computer that is absolutely under their control this is the issue that people have discussed rooted in the newspapers there's Apple Apple's problems with Apple are often phrased as follows you know you have an iPhone and an iPad and there's a wall guard Apple is your sys admin very quiet sys admin I might add in some ways those of you remember the bastard operator from hell this is the hell lot worse that guy didn't actually stop magazines and newspapers from letting you see their websites until they pay the sys admin 30% right off the top I'm not interested in the antitrust I think as a matter of fact antitrust this is the personal opinion against Apple for this would simply reinforce by implicit acceptance the situation which is that Apple owns when you walk out of the store every single person you don't own that device are we as a country do we want to get rid of the right to own a computer if there's not an exemption total control of the computer that you supposedly bought that will be the situation because at the moment they can make it difficult for you to get control of the device but some devices are plated the the Apple is not they don't Apple hasn't made a serious attempt to keep people out of people were saying other people have Sony has taken people to court because they've gotten control of a piece of hardware that they bought now let me speak to the objections let me let me let me give you a tech demo you're right and but it's very important to understand the technical meaning of the word so let me you're absolutely right though I'll return to the issue of ditching that's as technical as you want people say I really would like to have longer to speak and I would have said this will be purely alexa graphic talk talk when the newspapers say wall guards they don't say go ahead sir you actually use the microphone I'm sorry I'm sorry when when when the newspapers use the word wall garden my geometry is not good here okay so look that's windows we have windows here that's okay the point is you can see that it's probably windows I probably don't have a little painting made by a friend of mine looks like it's actually windows I don't like it in the ordinary sense I never used such a ridiculous thing but in addition of course I want to agree to run something where it's against the law for me to look at the code and tell other people about it okay so so so I checked it out and then and then I turned it off okay so it's shutting down now I want to convey to you just what exactly is at stake at technical level that means understanding the word okay now let me see if I can do this hold this thing down here and to press this thing that press one of the F F 12 okay let me get that 12 okay interset up let me interset up here and it's asking me actually for a password here okay it's already set up but it was interesting I showed you that yes okay now at this point we're about to run different operating well you know what it probably isn't isn't we'll try going to the thing yeah maybe you can put it in there that's can you see it somehow arranged so that here's a very important point that's actually my main point you're being extra careful because it's not the difference between leasing the apartment only your house I think we all understand the newspapers don't report the difference between owning the Lenovo that I own and having enough I have no lawyers will object to the property complex I agree with you guys complex yes okay so don't move the computer I should be able to do better so he's doing something if the MCA anti-circumvention exemption for the West because there won't be any password in the bios except one that's owned by Microsoft and they will control the way before the decision forgotten the name of the book was the outcast John Mitchell told me about this reason I have bought a few books that use bookstores I bought a few books that use bookstores 1900 and a few of them have have licensed things off of which the Supreme Court overturned say that you can't resell the thing for less than this amount of money this was fought it's part of the reason we have absolutely free libraries with regard to use of books of course they're not free to buy the books but it's it's a fight by the way which was lost in most of Europe I think I think in England the books and the few public libraries they actually have to pay they rent them they pay a whatever I don't know the legal term they pay a certain amount every time the book is taken out so the the the the issue of anti-circumvention is this and people have been saying control just at this point sometimes discussion runs off into Turing machines which are only defined at infinity so we won't worry about Turing machines but we will worry about the ordinary use of an ordinary computer such as was the only kind of computer you can buy 10 years of a laptop or a home computing device at that period it may have been irrelevant in one sense that people have moved on it or not because they never ever descended to that level sometimes they did they had to reinstall windows or one of the Apple OS's and of course the people who were running free unices if they wanted root they had root on a device they owned so so so now the claim is that in order to prevent violation of copyrights massive incredible violation of copyrights using home computers in the internet that we should give up the right to own a computer well I think the other side may be right about some things some businesses may go out of business because people violate copyrights most people in the free software movement are not for violation of copyright as a matter of fact we have crafted relatively subtle and so far upheld in court copyright licenses upon which part of our legal protection depends but they may be right so I think America has to ask itself with regard to the anti- circumvention clauses do we wish to give up the right to own a personal computer so that a few perhaps large perhaps rich perhaps influential private companies can they think continue to have the profits that they do I say vote the other way they vote to keep the right to own computer I don't know what this is this is some operating system I'm not gonna I was gonna wipe out the windows thing which is not particularly interesting so we could certainly wipe it out I mean let me wipe it out let me see if there's something called CF this you can't move the computer jay or you're right of course of course but you knew that already I've been talking so let me try CF this there's CF this I'm going to okay probably I've destroyed the windows operating system it's not clear what I actually do we pull out the CD install different it takes nowadays takes me a couple of hours to do it because the standard deviant is missing about 20 programs and I have to pull them off the stall but but that's it I bought a used computer there won't be any buying of used computers in the way that I bought one 11 o'clock sir okay I don't know what to say anybody have I'd love to hear questions my main complaint is against the newspapers that don't report they use the word wall garden probably I live in a wall garden I run Debbie they've got 30,000 packages almost all of the software on any of my machines including work machines that I don't know they're they're they're Debbie in packages I press a little button and they're pulled off it's like the app store some people call the app store and years ago when there was no app store we used to tell people my god what do you have to go through install things we just press a button and it installs it okay so they're catching up in that respect okay my main point is this America is undergoing a transition and if we don't stop it it'll be less the America that I grew up in and look quite the order that was listed on the agenda we're going to start with the people who are on behalf of this right not unless they'll follow afterwards okay yes I'm Bruce Turnbull I'm counseled to the incest LA group and to the DVD copy control association and I'm just briefly introduce what we're going to be demonstrating this afternoon first Timothy Short was a teacher at the Poolsville high school in my county who's appearing on behalf of us not on behalf of the public schools or high school we'll be demonstrating screen capture software using a program that is available for purchase for $39.95 second David Taylor my co-counsel will be demonstrating a video recording using a smart phone and video editing software which is available for $49 that's the software is third Don Lake from with IBM and co-manager of the AACS LA organization will be demonstrating the AACS technology managed copy which will be introduced later here finally although not under our umbrella but but on the same perspective Mitch Singer from Sony Pictures will be doing a presentation on a variety of video available what what video is available in in the marketplace today concluding with ultraviolet so that's that's what we have planned for presentation I'll just let Tim go ahead as Mr. Trimble said my name is Tim short I'm a high school teacher in Montgomery County just up north a little bit out of my element here so I'm kind of imagining you all as 15 or 16 year old softball and that's kind of keeping me a little bit more calm so I'm here to demonstrate a screen capture software today four main objection objectives that I have number one I'm just going to show you about a minute of a dvd played on my computer here just so you kind of see the dvd quality of it played once I do that I'm going to demonstrate how easy it is to use a screen capture software to make a clip version saved on my computer of the same clip third to replay that clip that we just made so you can kind of see the quality and compare it for your own selves compared to the dvd and then finally I have just to show you just a couple quick we probably won't go through the the actual clips but clips that I've actually used or taken for my classroom and how I might apply those white clips are a little bit more important than having necessarily the dvd okay so what we currently have on the screen right now is the dvd is in my computer of Gadica some of you might be aware both the dvds that I have are kind of from the school library it's a scene that my wife often shows she's a biology teacher also in high school and it's all about what's called eugenics so you know basically choosing the egg that you are going to use to have offspring so just going to play that like I said for maybe about a minute just so you can kind of see the dvd quality parents of their day they were determined that their next child would be brought into the world in what has become the natural way your extracted eggs Marie has been fertilized with Antonio Sperm after screening we all that fess you see with two healthy boys and two very healthy girls naturally no critical predispositions to any major and hereditary diseases all that remains is to select the most compatible candidate first please one side on gender have you given it a go we would want Vincent to have a brother you know to play with of course you would hello that's okay so I mean so you get the sense of the quality of the dvd you know without playing the entire scene what i'm going to show now is how this is what's the replay video capture and what it's going to do is imagine a clear cellophane kind of wrapper that goes on to the video that's being played but it's actually recording what's in the box that you can define so as you notice as I start the video and press get video I've taken the liberty of eradicating any potentially prejudicial just want to stop so you can see as I say when I press get video it opens up that kind of cellophane wrapper to to the video I could then size it however I would want to I'm just going to size it down just so it's capturing exactly what I want now in addition to that if let's say I had a clip that I only wanted to focus on one individual in the scene I could potentially also do that as a teacher as well so that we cut out kind of all the extra stuff just gives me a little bit extra capability in that regard okay so now that I've kind of defined my area I'm gonna go ahead and play the video press record and it's actually going to be making a copy of of the clip that I've defined conditions premature baldness myopia alcoholism and addictive susceptibility and sleep violence obesity etc we didn't want I mean diseases yes right we were just wondering if if it's good to just leave a few things to the chance you want to give your child the best possible start believe me we have enough imperfection built in already your child isn't needing additional burdens and keep in mind this child is still you simply the best of you you could conceive naturally a thousand times and never get such a result that's how my brother and okay so I um can go ahead I can minimize the DVD software go to it automatically creates the copied version of that clip in my videos and it's as you notice it's already right here I've defined it to go to a windows media player type I think it's mpeg2 format but there's also I could do avi to open it in quick time you know whatever my preference would be so I go ahead and open that for the sake of our I'm going to take the dvd out just so you don't think I'm standing there you go okay for the violence obesity except we didn't want I mean diseases yes right we were just wondering if it's good to just leave a few things to choose you want to give your child best possible start believing we have enough imperfection built in already the child isn't needing additional burdens and keep in mind this child is still you simply the best of you you could conceive naturally a thousand times and never get such a result okay you see that's the that's the recording that we just made so with that shout I hope you can kind of see just a little bit about the dvd quality played on my computer versus the screen capture I mean there's not a real big difference on a on a board I haven't had anything more which is kind of like a educational version of a smart board in my classroom so this is actually maybe a little bit larger but about the size of the screen I might show the students so without a mind I just wanted you to show just a couple things like I said I won't play the long clips but how am I using it in my classroom typically I don't show videos on the full screen because it's big enough and my classroom is substantially smaller in this room the students can obviously see the videos even if they are a fraction of the size of the whole screen which actually can make the file size a lot smaller as well so these are both clips that I obtained using the same process using their screen capture software on video the one on the left of the play came from my libraries in the in the high school copy of 13 days and what we were doing was we were analyzing the difference of hollywood's version of president kennedy in 13 days versus kind of kennedy's speech when he made it to the american public on uh the cuban missile prices um so like I said I'll just go ahead start this good evening my fellow citizens this government has promised has maintained the closest surveillance like I said some of us might be interested in but unless I would then play then we can go through and play the archival footage which I actually was able to obtain from an internet site but with the screen capture software I was also able to make a copy of that and kind of embed those into this is called active inspired to teaching software and if you were to play out the videos you'd see that hollywood actually edited and cut out parts of the actual thing we talked about from the student's perspective like why would they do that and does that really change history if hollywood kind of plays it based on um or based based on historical facts does that actually change history because so many people get their views of what actually happened uh from hollywood movies next one um just to show you really quickly also kind of the quality here I've made it a little bit larger to show that it there's not really a pixelization effect is is when you make videos larger typically happens this happens to be I also teach media literacy and I showed this clip for students it's actually from all the president's men which of course dealt with the Watergate scandal and one of the things in this scene is I wanted the students to pay attention to what was going to be on the screen in in roughly those two red circles you may or may not be able to to see it but what's actually going on is if you can see the Robert Redford here uh he's pretty clear and behind him the gentleman over his left shoulder to our right is actually pretty blurry but if you look and if we were to care to see now the people even farther back uh in the background who are going to kind of congregate around a tv monitor are actually clearer than the guy who's kind of mid-range and what this is is a technique using what's called dual focused lenses so there's two focal points of the lenses one in the back one of the foreground so that everything else is blurred and and we talk about okay well why would a director want to do that why would um why would they want to show that well if if it wasn't clear enough I couldn't demonstrate that because it'd all be blurry anyway or it'd all be pixelized um and so if you care to see now like I said we would go ahead and show that that the students can actually get that they can see okay well you know why would they want you to focus on that as opposed to just being it white noise in the background and so forth uh by the way this this film did win I believe the academy award for cinematography uh in the year that it was produced and finally because I won't play it but this was if I were to play it this was the eugenics clip that then was embedded um into this page and then as students on a permithium board uh you think you have a basically a pen like a smart board which you write on your finger we have basically a pen uh they come up to the screen and they could write you know what what are the pros of eugenics what are the cons of eugenics what are the ethics of it and so on and so forth so you know it's it's a far cry from you know the old days when even when I was in elementary school I remember the you know you have to play the whole half an hour long uh video and then if there was two parts of it then the teacher had to feed it and you know all that kind of stuff uh what we're really trying to do is um you know take out that time that's needed um that you don't need to see the parts of the clips that you don't need to see and really focus their attention on what we as a teacher really want to do um and we could do that with the dvd but of course it's you know loading it up and and playing it and then you know starting and stomping at the right clip uh the advantage of doing it this way uh with the screen capture tech uh software or technique um is that we can we can preset that up and then we actually have a copy of that um on our hard drives where I could then display it for the students and I can embed it into the software um and and save it for next year because if let's say I went to you know any type of internet source that that may have a clip that I need well what happens next year when I want to replay the same clip and I've either taken it down or that it's no longer there so that that's the advantage for me personally um to this tech with that that's the end of kind of the technology piece of of mine if there's any questions I'm happy to answer them you guys are all bad students if you're not thank you good afternoon I'm java taylor I am counsel to dvd cca in aacf and um today I'm going to demonstrate for you the smartphone recording that I made um I actually use this smartphone um which is my own smartphone as most people have smartphones and they're pretty ubiquitous um and what I did was um use um a blu-ray copy of warhorse I didn't see it in theaters so it was actually the reason why I chose it to take advantage of it and um so what I'm going to do um as far as the demonstration I'm going to show you the um the original smartphone recording um go and play it twice for you so the first time you're not listening to the dialogue and you can actually focus on it the second time through and then after that I'm going to show you um this um video editing software um and two of its features um that are pretty straightforward and don't require too much technical capability because I certainly didn't have it and um I did it and then finally um I'm going to show you the original smartphone recording versus the final product um and uh you'll see what those two are like and I'm going to try to play them side by side and hopefully if uh windows media player in quick time or operate so here we go so I'm not sure if everybody heard it um it didn't seem to play through um but I'm going to play it back again and try to just point out a few things as it goes through so you have a good sense of what does a smartphone recording actually look like the first time around and um so I have the volume turned down here um it's a pretty good picture I mean it's clear I had recorded it with the subtitles on so that you can see whether or not they were indeed legible um that being said it obviously suffers from the fact that it was recorded uh with the smartphone and um my hand is shaking um there are tripods available so if you wanted to um pay ten dollars for a tripod for a smartphone that clamps on and it would be able to hold its steadier than I did um and as well um you see that there is some braininess to it and the braininess comes in um at various times some scenes are are very clear and then others seem to need brainier so um that is basically the original smartphone recording and what I'm going to show you now are two features of the video editing software this is the interface for the video editing software and um down here you'll see um they say it's called fine tuning and you can actually choose different um filters um the two filters I'm going to show you is the first one will be a stabilization um and you can basically move it from off to 120 which that's the way I recorded it and then the second filter of course is above it um which is the clean filter and it's again is one one click drag it across to high and that's how I I did the um the recording um the recording that I'm going to show you is actually going to compare the original to the enhanced version and the original will be on uh on the left hand side and the enhanced version will be on the right hand side and um so here is um that recording for the stabilization of filter I suggested on the left hand side it was a bit more shape here in the right hand side right hand side is pretty solid right there and if you keep track of the subtitles you can really notice um then whether or not it's bouncing up and down so that was uh the stabilization feature I'm not going to show you the clean filter which will um take out some of the graininess that was in the original recording and again the original is um on my right your left so again um as you look at this um the one on the your right should be clearer than the one on the left and now I'm going to um what I should tell you is that my smartphone recorded the original recording in 720 um those two comparisons that you saw were were done in 480p and that's the limitation of the software so just for comparison purposes um it was reduced down now when we do a comparison of the original versus the final product the final product is will be in 720p so the original I'm playing in quick time and the um enhanced copy I am playing in um work media I mean Microsoft Windows Media there's one more time so the one on top is the final version it has the stabilization and the uh clean filter supply to it please what the fault did you want that high And for this demonstration, if there are any questions. What particular video editing software is that? This one was DRevealed. What was that? It's called DRevealed 3. There's a lot of video editing software out, and this is just for the consumer market. I think for less than $50, it's pretty affordable, compared to maybe something that other people use, which is Microsoft Movie Maker, or one of Adobe's products, which are substantially much more money than this. What was the phone that you're using? The phone is the Droid Razer Max, and it can record in 720 and 1080. And the original was done in 720. And I've got the notice right now, but I wouldn't want to know. There's some specs on the computer that you did all this on. This one? Yes. And this is a Toshiba satellite. I think it probably retails for about $500. One of the co-managers of AACS on an IBMmer for a long, long time. So long that when Tim was talking about all of the tools that they use in the classroom today, do any of you remember those film strip projectors that we used to use, and 16-millimeter movie projectors and things like that? That's what I remember that question. So I'm going to talk to you about managed copy. Managed copy is one of the ways that consumers are going to have to copy content as the year rolls by. We intend to roll this out later this year. And then Mitch Singer is going to talk to you about digital copy, which is already rolled out, and ultraviolet, which is being rolled out right now. So the sort of an overview of managed copy is a Blu-ray disc, and this one that we're going to use is Dark Knight, the Warner Brothers release. It's got three discs in this package. The main feature, the bonus features are on a second disc, which is in the BD-ROM drive now, and this also has a digital copy disc in it. So this disc, this particular release has a lot of content involved. We're using the second disc, which has the bonus material just because of the length of the video. So to do a managed copy, you need the Blu-ray disc in the drive, and you need some software. And the software that runs on what we call a managed copy machine at MCM is running on another Toshiba laptop. We didn't get a volume of purchasing or anything. Toshiba is one of the other founders of AACS, so we usually, when we buy stuff, we try and buy stuff that the founders make. So the managed copy machine is the software that actually makes the copy. The other component of the system is what we call the managed copy authorization server, and that's software that AACS had written. We're going to be using the live server today, assuming the Wi-Fi in the room keeps working. The software is actually located in a rack space facility that's, I believe, located outside Chicago. That's how the copy will get authorized. So I clicked on the MCM here a couple of times, and it launched a menu. Now this particular managed copy machine, we call it an emulator, because it was actually written by the people that wrote the managed copy authorization server software to test their software. So there's some stuff in here that a consumer's managed copy machine won't have that they needed for debugging. So when we want to do this, we just start, and it's initializing, and then it's going to go up to the server to request offers. So the next step is going to be talking to the server. So it's basically doing that. And the stuff down at the bottom I'm talking about is basically the kind of stuff that the programmers needed to help them debug the MCAS server software. So we get a list of what we call the offers that are on this disk, and this is the bonus material. We have two files that are 45 minutes of video called Batman Technology and Batman Unmasked. There's three trailers, and then there's some TV spots. So in the interest of time, we're going to make a copy of just one of the TV spots, because it happens pretty quickly. So there's a little bit of information on what this is. This information is part of what we call the offer. The content owners create these offers, and the offers are stored on the authorization server. And when the consumer wants to make a copy of that particular piece of video, that's the information that's loaded down to the machine that you saw when it said it was requesting offers. So we're going to make a copy of this TV spot called aggressive. And then this bonus material here is all free. Actually, if we wanted to take time to look at the main feature, it's not free. So there's a payment transaction, but we're going to just see what that looks like anyway, even though this is free. So we go to this. Now, again, because this was done by programmers who were testing things, they called an accounting transaction. You would probably say something like making my copy or something like that. So we click on that, and it actually launches a browser out of the managed copy machine. And we, for a couple of reasons, we need the email address of the consumer. I'm going to key that in. And then because I'm an IBMmer, I'm more used to thinkpads. So I'm not quite so used to machines with the touchpad on the keyboard. So I'm not real adept at that. But then one of the reasons why we needed the browser was to launch this privacy statement. So the content owners will also have the option of adding further information here on their terms and positions if they have additional privacy information. This privacy statement just says what we're going to do with the email address that we had key in, which is personally identifiable information. So we're going to accept that. And if it had been a chargeable transaction, in the U.S. we're going to use PayPal. There's a payment processor, so it would go out to PayPal. And the consumer could either have a PayPal account or charge it to their credit card if it's a payable thing. So then it comes back to this message that says the transaction has been processed. It gives an order ID. So one of the reasons for collecting the email address was to send a confirmation that says this to the consumer. The second reason is in case the transaction blows up anywhere, our customer care can get back to the consumer and figure out how we want to resolve that. So the payment has been processed and now we can actually shut the browser. And we can go and ask for the copy that we made now that the payment's been received. So it's got to go and because it's just a TV spot, it isn't going to take very long to make the copy. So doing that now, you'll see the little blue process or progress bar flip over a couple of times. One of the messages we wanted to get through to you is this is actually really simple to do. And it's going to be pretty easy for the consumer to do. So it's now making the copy. The copy is being made off of the Blu-ray disk that's in the ROM drive in this machine. So the speed of making the copy is determined by the speed of the optical disk drive. As optical disk drives get faster, the copying can be faster. So it's done making the copy now. And if you want to see it, we can go up to a player and kick off a player. And go down, I think we called it, I think we did the aggressive one, right? And it's labeled 511. So the file is the long file on here. And it's just going to start playing. So with that, a consumer can make a copy from their Blu-ray disk to... We support different types of protected outputs. So the consumer will be able to choose from an output to hard disk, which is what this is. Or they'll be able to choose within the Microsoft DRM play-ready system. They'll be able to make a copy to that. They'll be able to make a copy to physical media such as a writable DVD or an SD card or a Sony memory stick. So they'll be able to make copies to different types of media. So hopefully, I got my point across that this is a pretty simple deal. Now we anticipated a couple questions. When's it going to be ready? We anticipate launching this in the U.S. in the fall. The server we use, the server is actually ready to go. We used the real server today. What we found out as we were doing some education sessions with the content owners is we needed to come up with some tools to help them figure out what information is actually on the optical disk. The requirement for content owners on managed copy in the AACS license is to allow consumers to make managed copies of every disk that was released since December 4, 2009. So there have been actually thousands of disks released since then. And they needed some automated tools to pull this information off the disk. And it was the stuff that you actually saw on the operating corner of the machine and descriptive information of the particular file we were making the copy of. And so that's going to delay, we actually plan to launch by now, right about the end of May. And that's going to delay the launch a few months so that we can get these tools done and get them in the hands of the content owners to build there. This thing is going to happen in the fall. And some of the companies that are going to make managed copy machines are very interested in being able to do that as part of the holiday season. It's happening. Another question we're interested in you might have is could this be used for clips? And technically it can. We didn't really, when we designed it, we didn't really plan on that. We were planning on for consumers making copies. But the technology can be adapted to that. We've talked to our software supplier about that. We know it can be done. So if that's something that needs to be done, we could probably do that. So any questions on managed copy? So I can't look at the last thing you said. When you make a copy, at this point the only option is to make a copy of the entire thing. Is that correct? That's correct, yeah. And it's a protected copy so you can start pulling that off and putting it in other things. Right. But if you put it on important media, you can take it to other devices that support that copy protection system. Right. But for those folks who are arguing it, for example, I should be able to take a clip and put it into something else, some other work. That's not something this would really permit. Not the way it is right now. Correct. Yeah. We understand the requirement. So if the other stuff you're seeing here, and you're going to see Mitch is going to show you some other things too. If the other stuff isn't enough, this is something we could easily look at. And it's a perfect copy. In other words, exactly the same quality? There are different resolutions for different output technologies. So for instance, if you want to burn a copy to a writable DVD, that doesn't support high definition, that standard definition, so it would be downright. But what we did here was a full resolution copy. It's an output technology we call the bound copy method, and that supports full resolution. Okay. Gordon, switch. Excellent. My name is Mitch Singer. I am with Sony Pictures. I'm also the president of the consortium that launched Ultraviolet. I'm really here to talk about Ultraviolet, but I think the best way to get to Ultraviolet is to talk about where we've been and kind of the pathway through. So the first thing that's been on everybody's mind and has been happening to the media industry for a while now is notions of disruption. And it's not anything new. Disruption has been happening for centuries. It's been happening to the media industry for probably about the last decade or so. And Clayton Christensen, who teaches disruption in Harvard Business School, has a series of books on innovators' dilemma and how difficult it is to actually innovate within existing organizations. But the one takeaway from Clayton is that if you don't innovate, if you don't find opportunities in the disruption, you perish. And we've seen what happened to the music industry while there are many artists still in the music industry. The actual industry itself has lost probably half of the employees due to revenue loss. And so it was very important when I think about our industry, the most picture industry, that we keep disruption at the very, very top of our conscience to make sure that we don't view disruption as a threat and try to stop it. We look at disruption as opportunities. And it's very important as I go through the journey from DVD to Blu-ray managed copy to bonus digital copy to ultraviolet, you see that looking for opportunities in the disruption is one of the key themes throughout this. So the bottom line on DVD is it was launched in 97 in March. It's protected obviously with CSS. And even though it's a play-only model, it was the most successful format launch in the history of the industry in the history of the media. And it was the first time we kind of put our movies on shiny little discs, random access, added value, consumers perceived value, and as a result it took off. But there was a lot we learned from DVD. We learned one thing when Yarnio Hansen hacked CSS in 1999. We learned how consumers started using the hack. And I think that's really where PK may have got it a little bit wrong here in their filing. It wasn't really about trying to space shift DVDs on other screens in the house. If I wanted to watch a DVD at the time on my laptop or my computer, I would have had DVD drives. So that was not a problem. And of course if I wanted to watch it on my TV, I had DVD players. What it really was about is looking for opportunities in the disruption. If there's anything also that you learned from disruption is that disruption allows ordinary people to do it previously only highly skilled people can do. So if I see highly skilled people using a circumvention tool, the question for me as a studio exact is how do we build that functionality into the next product to give consumers the ability to legitimately make a backup copy of content they own as opposed to getting a Netflix account and just subscribing to DVDs and ripping them to my hard drive. And as a result, when we started thinking about launching Blu-ray and this goes back to 2002-2003, Don just showed you a managed copy. We are actually building that functionality into the next format. To say we hear you, we understand how the technology is being used, let's build the functionality into the product itself so consumers now can make backup copies of content that they acquire. But it became evident that over time consumers wanted more. So about 2008, 2009 we started seeing services roll out. We started seeing iTunes and Xbox and PlayStation and now Amazon and a lot of other online services that were delivering content. So the next journey actually took us to bonus digital copy. And so bonus digital copy allowed a consumer to actually buy something on a disc like this one has digital copy and then actually take a copy of this and put it into the platform of their choice. For example, Warrior actually comes with a code for iTunes. So what this allows me to do, it allows me to go to the iTunes store, put in the code and then this movie now is playable from iTunes as though I purchased it from iTunes and playable on all my Apple devices. That's the concept between bonus digital copy. And of course if you look at something like here Wolverine, Wolverine is a bonus digital copy but it actually comes with the movie on the disc. So now you can actually take the movie from the disc and load it onto your laptop or load it onto your Mac if you wanted to put it on your Mac. So again, bonus digital copy allowed consumers to actually get the advantage of buying a disc and without using circumvention tools get to play it on the device or the platform that they choose, that they chose. But it turned out that consumers still wanted a little bit more. And the key point here was if I took a copy and I put it into and I wanted to play it on my iPhone or iPad for example, I couldn't play it anywhere else. If I put it onto my PC I'd be locked to the PC. If I wanted to put it into my Amazon locker I could only view it from Amazon. A series of proprietary silos. So when we polled consumers and we asked them what is it about digital content that you actually want? Consumers basically told us a few things. They told us they wanted to share content with their family. That was a key attribute. If you download a movie on your iPad for example and you wanted to let someone in your family watch the movie you have to give them your iPad. They were worried that what happens if I downloaded a movie and my hard drive crashed, right? 2008, 2009 there were no cloud services. You downloaded the movie onto your platform and it was yours to do with what you wanted. So consumers were worried about that. There was another concerned consumer's voice that what happens if I'm watching it on, for example, an Apple platform and some family member comes in my house with a new Verizon Android phone I can't play the copy on that platform. So once the consumers make a technology decision and they're locked to a platform very difficult now to take that content and play it on the platform of their choice. And of course keeping track of what you own. So I bought movies on Xbox. I bought movies from PlayStation. I have movies from iTunes. When I want to play that movie I have to remember where I bought it from on what platform. I might look for a movie and it's not on iTunes so I'll head over to PlayStation. I'll look at PlayStation, the movie's not there. No place you can aggregate everything you bought like my physical bookshelf in my home where it doesn't matter what I bought it was all sitting on my bookshelf. So we launched Ultraviolet in October. It's the first interoperable cloud service and that's really what I'm here to demo. Right now it's bundled with Blu-ray and DVD so for example I might buy this DVD of incredibly loud and incredibly close and in it comes a coupon for Ultraviolet. It has a code on it that code entitles me to get a token basically what Ultraviolet is very much like it's almost like an ATM platform it's an authentication service it puts a digital proof of purchase into my personal locker. We've used multiple DRMs so we encrypt the file in such a way that it can be decrypted by up to five DRMs today so device manufacturers design freedom they can use the DRM of their choice and consumers now can move the content will be able to move the content will be launching what's called the common file format very shortly from one device in their home to another. The usage model is download it's streaming and it's share and I'll show you how that works. Any device anytime I think we're covered on over three to four hundred million devices today and we just launched six months ago and it supports disc to digital I'll show you what that is. The consortium itself has a lot of different companies in the consortium I know you probably can't read this but most of the major companies are in here in the last week we've added two more companies I think we're up to 78 or 79 now I can't keep track but they're companies that are internet back-end service companies and they're Microsoft and Comcast and Nokia and CE companies and Motion Picture Studios are all part of the consortium to actually deliver this product to consumers from a consumer standpoint it should be relatively easy you look for the logo it's ultraviolet it's on content that you either buy physically or you buy digitally and when you buy it you're ultraviolet locker you sign up for ultraviolet this cloud service is absolutely free and you start collecting movies as your movies grow you may want to watch them you watch them on whatever device you want anytime anywhere you have an opportunity from some retailers to actually burn physical media if you want to buy it electronically and burn a disc you can and I will show you what that looks like so let me get out of the PowerPoint presentation and head over this is my account it's the Mitch Flix account and I can go to my library so this is the cloud service that keeps track of everything I own and third-party services like Flixter and Voodoo which I'll show you go up to my ultraviolet account they see what I have rights to and then they present them to me so I can view them across any platform so here for example this is my library some of these some of these discs I actually I have about 40 movies now in my ultraviolet account half of them I actually got from a disc to digital and I don't have the link let me see if I can very quickly find the link and let Walmart and Voodoo explain to you what disc to digital is now are you wondering why I ask you to bring your DVDs to Walmart? yeah let me show you something Walmart can help you work your DVDs from disc to digital so now you'll never break them scratch them or lose them isn't that cool? yeah sweet the good thing is you can watch them on your laptop tablet, phone, anytime anywhere and you can get them all for two bucks a piece very good story that's the Walmart entertainment business digital service bring your favorite DVDs to your local Walmart photo center to get started so what Walmart is actually doing is it's providing a service that you can bring your legacy media into Walmart and to the extent that Voodoo has it in the Voodoo library Voodoo has about 5,000 movies available today they just put a token in your ultraviolet account and then you can access those movies directly from Voodoo so half of the movies I have are actually from Voodoo the other thing about ultraviolet that I want to show before I go to the Voodoo part is the fact that you can share with your family so my account has 6 family members in the account it's me and my girlfriend my son who's going to Berkeley my daughter who lives with her mom in Houston my brother who lives about 20 miles from me the good news is he doesn't come over and steal my blue rays anymore and my sister Karen who I just added to my account last week and she lives in the south of France so this is my family and every single time I add a movie they can access it and stream it wherever they happen to be in this case my daughter is 14, she has parental control so she doesn't see 40 movies in the account she only sees those movies that are PG-13 and below so she has a filtered view of the account but when I add a movie she's in Houston with her mom she goes on to Flickster, she uses an Amazon Kindle and she just streams the movie right to Houston my sister same thing she can stream anywhere in the world so I get to share them with my family and when I travel I take the movies along with me so that's kind of the the family of it all the other part is I said you can download so this is the Voodoo Player so Voodoo has a download app that you can download onto your PC or Mac so I've downloaded a bunch of movies here and so this allows me if I'm on a plane I'm disconnected from the internet I can still watch a movie so these are loaded on my hard drive Voodoo allows me to load it on my hard drive so this allows the disconnected experience through the Voodoo app again PCs and Macs and what is that? so another part of the demo is that even though Apple is not one of the members in the consortium that was a Voodoo app there's also an app called Flixster so again the idea behind Ultraviolet is any service that comes online even if it's now or if it's two years from now if I give them permission to access my account they can go up to the Ultraviolet account they can get the movies and present them to me so here's Flixster for example and I have a bunch of movies here again, pulled from my Ultraviolet account to get to my collection and so Flixster uses bookmarks so let's say it's the bottom of the ninth inning and Oakland is going for their 20th game and you want to see Hedderberg hit the home run of that one I can just hit and if the broadband is working here this should just start right where I left off so if I want a particular clip I can start watching a clip in this particular case this is my favorite scene so I'm sorry so this could be my daughter for example in Houston watching it same thing, another iPad I can get the Flixster app start streaming a different movie on this one here if you want to just grab it and if you tap it there's a done button that you can go back and scroll through other movies same thing here, so here's the Flixster app you can hit download so I can also download onto the iOS so again if I'm disconnected I have a disconnected experience and I won't do frames with that because that's probably not appropriate but you know, doff and tail if I wanted to do that did he hit it yet? yeah it sounds like it and again so this starts at the beginning where I left off so again this is actually going back to the Flixster service it's authenticating who I am because I use a username and sign on and then it goes ahead and streams me the movie so here's I also have voodoo running on the iPad but somehow the copyright office doesn't like voodoo so they cut off access to voodoo but not Flixster but don't cut off Flixster so I might be because I might be back this is a Barnes and Noble nook so there's another just a nook device it doesn't have voodoo running on it but it happens that Flixster on it let me see if I can so the cool thing about of course parental controls here is that if you have kids in your family they only get access to the things that you actually want them to see so again another platform I can watch it on my nook if I want again Flixster app go into the server authenticating who I am and then providing me the content that I own and you can anticipate seeing what happens is and the cool thing about this in a way is it may very well be that my daughter for example loves voodoo she can watch all her movies from voodoo I have no like Flixster I can watch them all from Flixster in the future I may buy a phone where the service is AT&T and AT&T now will just be able to connect and provide me movies on the AT&T phone on whatever service AT&T provides and if Barnes and Noble launches a service I'll be able to watch it directly from the Barnes and Noble service so this is again the idea behind ultraviolet was to really look at the technology that's available in the market and put it all together in a way that creates that right balance between enabling consumers to get access to movies that they collect and at the same time having the appropriate protections in place so that content providers feel comfortable in putting content into the ecosystem so I think I covered everything on the demo any questions on ultraviolet? any questions on access? anything? you guys are bad students alright, thank you okay, well said good afternoon, my name is Jim Morissette and I'm the technical director of Kirk Timplin Films in Chicago we make documentary films that are shown on public television on cable networks and in movie theaters and I'm here today to address two issues one issue is the changing landscape of our requirements in terms of providing finished programs and then to assess and describe how the alternatives to our protected video exemption don't work for us anymore we recently finished two major shows in the last year and a half Frontline Show on PBS and both shows made extensive use of archival clips off of DVD and the current exemption served us very well but the landscape is changing in terms of what primarily public television now requires they require only high-def programs, 1080 by 1920 so basically what started out on DVD was as acceptable in the standard definition resolution which you can see in red with 345,000 pixels per frame now we're suddenly required to deliver content in the HD of blue size at over 6 times the pixel count over 2 million pixels per frame so where do we get those pixels and that's the question and PBS is very stringent in terms of what it allows us to use in terms of content that is not high definition and they're constantly updating their technical operating specifications which look like they were typed in a typewriter from about 25 years ago but they do include some very specific details according to not only just resolution but field order and all sorts of other minutia that I have to make sure passes the most even the audio specifications range from objectionable to not objectionable with many different places in the middle so what are our alternatives right now well what we've been doing is we've been up converting standard definition material to high definition which basically means adding more information to the image 6 times as much information and you can do that in software and it looks terrible you can do it in relatively inexpensive hardware it looks terrible and is also unacceptable and the only way we can use now dvds with standard definition in our high definition program is to up resolution them using very complicated and expensive hardware dvds with css on it we have to take out the analog signal off the dvds player because as we all know the hdmi high depth signal up converted high depth signal off the dvds player is not accessible for file generation we go into a tarenx up converter which handles all of the problems for the most part technical problems having to do with field order signal and noise ratio and all the processing things that are necessary to do and then it outputs a high definition signal which we have to record somehow so we need the ability to record in real time a full blown high definition signal convert that into a file that we can edit tarenx boxes as you can see relatively complex to operate around $2,000 the price just came down the least expensive hardware box for capturing high definition in real time via main trucks hd capture box which you then of course look to your mac or pc rating system so that's an expensive alternative that just barely passes the mustard because what the tarenx does is it interpolates the signal it makes up what it thinks the rest of the picture so 80% of the picture is made up with fake information it tries to guess well here's a pixel here and one here so let's figure out something in the middle and you get a result that is not as good certainly as starting with the high definition signal so that alternative expensive is what we're currently doing there's been some other techniques suggested that we try and see if we can get a broadcast quality pbs specification signal out of either a standard diff dvd or in this case that I'm going to show you a high depth blueprint so we tried something called scan conversion which is basically the old kinescope method from the 50s you take a camera, a movie camera or a video camera, aim it at a tv set and you saw the demonstration earlier when we tried it we took the latest iphone 4s which does shoot 1080 high definition and since we have to deliver in high depth at 1080 that's what we were shooting at we had to kind of rig up some kind of a little clamp stand device because there's no tripod connections on iphone there's also no audio inputs on most cell phone cameras you're stuck with the microphone that's in the camera which means that you're recording the speakers coming off the tv set bouncing around the room and if anybody sneezes it's in your audio track so here is an example of the iphone shooting some of our own material and you can note that as the scene shifts from bright to dark the exposure shifts because all these phones are auto exposure and when you have rapid cuts and lots of exposure which we always do in documentary it's an unacceptable flashing and blooming the other thing that we found with cell phones is that they not only the audio auto exposure problems but there's something called moray which is a kind of a screen door effect that happens when you have very fine tiny pixels in a camera interacting with very fine pixels on your display in the old days in standard definition you're using much lower pixel count pixels were bigger you didn't have as much of this problem but now that we're up at 2 million pixels both on the display and on the camera you get this interaction just by way of comparison this is the iphone shooting a high definition broadcast quality monitor here is the next slide is the same frame taken from a standard def DVD it exhibits none of the issues of excessive contrast or moray because it's a file right from the disc so we didn't like that so we moved on and we thought we'd experiment with screen capture software which we also saw a nice demonstration of it basically is using the computer to record its own playback and the problem here is we tried it on a 3.1 gigahertz i7 processor quad core macintosh a pretty beefy machine 8 pigs of ram and we played a high def file and tried to capture it at 30 frames a second which is what we have to produce our programs in it technically it's 29.97 but we'll save 30 just to keep it simple and this is what we got oops sorry before I show you the clip I just want to make a comment about the replay capture software we looked into and I was amazed that in their user guide they say for smooth video smooth moving video images use 20 frames per second or less as your capture frame rate well that doesn't do us any good that means we're throwing away 30% of the frames in our original source never to be retrieved and you can see that problem in the jerkiness of the video that we captured off the screen now we're capturing this at high definition so it's a 1080 by 1920 image on the computer and it just can't keep up now in standard def it seems to work a lot better because again you've got one sixth the pixels you've got 300,000 versus 2 million and the other problem with screen capture software that we discovered much to our dismay is that Apple has quietly decided to make its current version of the operating system lion that you get on any Mac that you would buy today it doesn't allow any screen capture software if you're playing a DVD or any file from iTunes here's our movie playing off a DVD on the computer looks great as soon as we launch screen capture software this is what we get a checkerboard mess that's recorded the checkerboard so this may or may not be a problem on the PC but on the Macintosh it means that we can't capture anything that's playing back in the Macintosh in the built-in Macintosh DVD player or anything from iTunes whether it's rented, streamed or whatever now there is a method of recording the screen that involves hardware and any time you involve hardware much better performance than just simply software because if you think about it a computer has to play a Blu-ray disc and display it on a 1080x1920 screen and then at the same time record all that 30 frames a second it's a lot of overdone computers so why not offload the recording part to hardware the problem is it's a burdensome technology and it's expensive hardware boxes of this sort there's the hardware box for pulling it off the off the screen these are the kind of boxes that are used by TV stations when they put YouTube videos or screen captures live stuff from online on the air this is the only way that they can get quality that's acceptable without frames now another suggestion was that we try to there's a lot of what we do are documentaries that explore present-day social issues and what cause them so we have a lot of archival footage in our programs and we do get footage from the National Archives here and it was suggested oh if you need that in Blu and high definition maybe the original film could be re-scanned but we would love that it would look gorgeous however it's an extremely expensive and time-consuming thing to have to do you have to have an archivist pull out the original film rolls take them into a film transfer suite and you can't just put these 50-year-old 35mm newsreels on a projector you have to scan in every frame one by one into this huge list of individual files the scanner that we use when we occasionally come across some old footage that nobody has that's been sitting in somebody's basement as we take it and we have it done in Chicago on an airy film scanner that captures it at about two frames a second because it has to move it take its picture and move it and then we have to have it strung together and create a video high-def file that has to then be recorded and then given to us and the last one that we did I think it was 16mm it was a 400-foot roll which is about 11 minutes cost us $800 and since it's archival you can't just go in and say oh, just queue up this part of it when you're an archivist and you're transferring delicate old footage you start at the beginning and you go to the end and go in there and fast forward if you will so where does that leave us? well, it leaves us with a look into analog again it's like we've before the exemption when we needed material from DVDs we used the analog outputs of the DVD players which wasn't real simple to do well but it sort of worked back in those days but we needed a time-based corrector to stabilize the signal and more importantly to take off the analog copy protection known as macrovision and we had to then capture the file we had to digitize that analog signal and then create editable files from them and at every level there are issues the specifications of standard definition analog signal are totally significantly different than they are for a standard depth digital signal much less a high depth signal things like black levels all this kind of stuff that had to be dealt with here's a a shot of some of the legacy analog equipment that we have at our office because we're constantly getting VHS tapes and all sorts of old analog material from historic purposes and you know the cartridges were all the rage 20 years ago and now you can't even buy them they're built into video decks nobody even has video decks anymore the tape is long gone we keep a whole bunch of them around with every format one from every format that's existed since videotapes started and you'd be surprised how often we have to use them and then there's final cut 10 this is the latest version of Apple's again professional video editing software and I would say about two thirds of the independent documentary film companies in the country use final cut because it's less expensive it's an open architecture you can hook up your own video boxes to it and when they went to version 10 or version X they did one good thing they went up to a 64 bit and it works much faster but they decided to kill analog so final cut pro 10 you could import any kind of file you want and it'll deal with it it will not handle any tape or analog signal source inputs so if we have a DVD or even a Blu-ray that we want to pull the analog signals off of you can't do them with final cut pro so in summary we've got these sources that we've relied upon first one DVDs well they're not high def converting them to high def is expensive burdensome and the results are marginal so we don't go there also the analog component outputs are gone the only thing that's outputting from a standard def DVD player now is HDMI which is again a fake up conversion with hardware copy protection so you can't plug that HDMI into anything that will record the signal into something that we can use Blu-ray, gorgeous we love it but currently we have no way of getting high def out of the Blu-ray why is that? the HD or the analog outputs now are all standard def and that was mandated on a hardware level and some of the Blu-ray player some of the lower cost ones don't even have analog out at all or if they do it's composited standard def terrible video that's no better than a DVD player now let's say you want to record television shows or newscasts we do a lot of recording of newscasts we're working on a documentary about Jamesville Wisconsin and the whole activity political activity that's going on there is affecting a number of our characters so we need to record CNN and other news reports so that we have them to use the problem is they now have something called selectable output control what we've been doing is taking the component analog signals and recording them right into our edit system in high def look gorgeous well now they have these down-res tokens that they turn on so that the analog outputs are only standard def and the analog outputs are going to you know disappear soon anyway so the analog window is rapidly closing the other source that we have need to access is streaming video and streaming video there is no analog version never has been how do you record something off the web well if you can't get the file or if the file is encrypted then you're left with what? screen capture software I guess which again is going to give us the same problems of stuttering that we have nice identification of the frame all that kind of stuff is going to be and is still a problem so what's the solution? well it's very simple what we need to do is preserve our existing exemption so that we can access the DVDs there's a lot of material that only exists on standard def the back catalog as they say in the ebook language but adjust it a little bit for these digital changes in our ecosystem the digital changes being our need for high def footage and access to those sources which currently are Blu-ray and encrypted video for example an iTunes download if we want to show current TV show and how the characters in there are making fun of you know minority characters that are in our documentaries it would be great if we could just you know pay for the movie on iTunes download it and then use it and again when I say use it I mean we only use a tiny little piece when we extract a clip from a DVD we don't rip the whole DVD it's crazy we use a program called Handbrake that lets us pick a particular chapter we you know rip that chapter bring it into the edit system that's it there's never a copy of the movie sitting around on the hard drive anywhere we don't have the disk space or the time and we are content producers so we fully understand the issues of possible piracy or the laptop falling into the wrong hands so we take precautions so any questions? I'd like you to tell me more about the hardware scan you used in a previous slide and said that television studios use that tell me more about why this is not acceptable for you what they use it for primarily are standard definition YouTube type videos where they need to take a web page and isolate a part of it and convert that into a signal that they can broadcast for us what we would need is a whole separate computer setup as well as the boxes and then as well as something to record the output of the boxes they run this stuff live or they dump it into their server or whatever and documentary filmmakers they can't really be a CNN studio they can't afford to buy all this equipment and train and hire people to run it constantly just for that few moments once a week or whatever that we need to pull a clip from something we can and you can't really call it out either it's not something that we've tried there is a service in Chicago that records every news network 24 hours a day 6 o'clock news about 10 minutes in they have a story about such and such and for a fee they will send you, guess what a DVD it was recorded analog on one of those instant DVD recorders and half the time it's not even in the right aspect ratio it's a letter box instead of being a full wide screen image and none of them are doing this with high depth and we need high depth and it's out there it's just so frustrating that we can't access it anybody else thank you for your attention