 Okay, well that's a great pleasure to be with you because I'm quite new in the research activity field and I would like to present to you this project I'm leading since the last four years, it aims to find new ways to identify early diversification process in animal in our community and this project I'm doing with lots of researchers from different fields in France So why do we need new markers of domestication? Well before we need to agree on what is the domestication process. So now we consider that the domestication process is Continuum of intensification of the relationship between man and animal and starting from the earliest adaptation of white population to the ecological niche of humans, which is generally called commensalism, synanthropism up to the animal effects Okay, and that goes through control of white population, control of captive animals, up to the expoundry And there are different pathways to this domestication process Okay, you have the common soil one for some species You have the competition head one, which is solely for wool and the most common one is the prey or the directed pathway mainly for ventilated animals So it's the hunting pathway, basically. So in zoo archaeology to identify domestic animals, we mainly use domestication syndromes that have been defined by Charles Lowe who is a cynical book, the variation of animals and plants in the domestication So basically you have a different kind of traits in common in all the domestic animals Whatever the epilogenetic link and they appear in different degrees, okay? In archaeology, this is mainly the body size reduction the shortening of the face or if you have mentioned DNA you can have the information about the coat color, changing coat color and that's thanks to the experiment of this famous fox farm experiment led by Dimitri Belier in the 59s who has demonstrated that those domestication syndromes are the pleiotropic consequences of a drastic selection of behavior So he has demonstrated that in 50 years of drastic selection of the most amenable docile silver fox, he could reproduce all these domestication syndromes in the fox so those domestication syndromes or also reduction in sexual demorphisms or philanthropy divergence that we have been working on for quite a while They all allow us to identify already biologically modified animals, okay? So we quite liked in this process I was talking about previously, okay? so my objective was to Identify earlier process and what API is to call the cultural control, okay? And focusing on the control of movement to captivity, this captivity is the catalyst of most of the domestication process for most of the animal Okay, so then if we can identify that we'll be able to access to the earliest process of domestication Which is basically make the animals the wild population more accessible to people So in order to test The fact that captivity can leave and identify morphological markers in animal bones We have made an experiment using white ovulate the white ball and We have trying to control most of the confounding factors genetic sex diet and an edge, okay So we have taken 24 piglets six months old from a very well understood population of white ball We've made two groups of the same sex ratio and we put them in different One is a pen of two seven and five hundred meters where she and another one is a store hundred meters square for the 12 okay, this way drastic mobility reduction and To look at the effect of captivity We have made a new evil longitudinal study. So Making some data acquisition all over the globe. So from six months to 24 months to two years old So we made city scans for the bone development MRI Swaps the microbiome blood and muscle samples for DNA for genetic and epigenetic For stress markers and now this collection is available for research And so We we got a look at different aspect of the scale at all the development this girl and That particular ball but today I'm just going to talk about the epinecule of all and want to look at the difference at different scale of the bone morphology from the Oval shape up to the cellular level. Okay using different kind of methods from the latest developments in image analysis and morphometric analysis So today I'm going to make it show. I'm going to present you a result from my PhD students We go out there so that's what we start to do both the humerus and the catcalaeum Because they will preserve in archaeology. Okay, and also because they can allow us to infer Locomotive behavior in in object. Okay, but also because they are complimentary. Okay, because the catcalaeum is the football from the falling so it's kind of more fortunately this restricted why the Pauline humorous is to be involved in other kind of activity like amita peraging or social interaction So that's why they complemented so to look at the overall capture the overall morphology of those two bones We use a geometric morphometric approach. So we combine points Seminar mark around the articulation surfaces and points Rewind all of those Okay, so that's kind of Capture most of the complexity of the ball because we are looking after we are looking for a new shape differentiation and to look at The microstructural level of the of the humorous so like a particle thickness We use methods called the more metric So basically from the city we take the surface of the Perios, okay, and the surface of the medulla surface and that gives you a cylinder and you Unroll it so you obtain this Lonescape of fitness, okay Looking at the values distance between those two surfaces. Okay, and then you standardize it using different generalized model to make the map The cortical fitness map of which the bones comparable in a statistical environment Okay, so that's it for the for the methods So along with those experimental specimen, we've also collected lots of particle material Why it's different why a population including the control population from which the people that we've taken from some mesolithic Why go okay, it's kind of standard for pre-neolatization pre-domestication some captive gel and why go and some different kind of breeze of pits right So this is the the results So this it's only for adult specimens The material this is all the adult Netta sets this is PCA so we're looking at variation at different axis, okay, and this is the The factors explaining this shape variation That's like genetic Sex and age okay, but different axis. So This is a variation Brown you have the non captive white war Pink you have the different domestic breeze and circled in red. You have the experimental specimens Okay, so we can see that the main the main axis of variation is driven by domestication, but it's genetically driven, okay and Domestication has created a Variation that's way beyond the normal reaction of white war, but we can look at at the white war level that Capacity and I created a divergence and we also have the dimensions of the majority care specimens So if we just look at The morpho space of the white war excluding all the pigs so you can really see that activity Of our experiments estimate as well as for our German specimens Really diverge and you also have a divergence of the misery So if we look at the shape deformation and this that came in This is the presentation of the shape information along this axis, okay from the control population up to the Captain You can see that the deformation are located mainly on the tuberous tuberosity with a shrinking and Under the system faculty on telling area, okay Which means that activity I created a change in the traction of the ball and also Change in the sideways movement inward in awkward Okay, so that's pretty Encouraging, I'm sorry So two other things about this reason so Okay, why there is this divergence of the mesolithic specimens? I thought this is like more likely there was different habitats and different kind of selective pressures on those specimens And what's interesting to note is that we can see much differences between our whiteboard have been raised in a pen and the one That's been raised in the store Okay, so it's supposed that Either the pen or the store create the same range of The promoter behavior, okay, so the component explaining these divergence are somewhere else. It's perhaps the loss of Habitat for aging social interaction predation. There's something else to go in on And about the mesolithic whiteboard well, I know that was I was talking about sorry, so But it's also because those little people are much older And probably much bigger. So this is something we need to explore further So in terms of We can't see much more much differences between the pen and the store in terms of fully white day Really alike as you can see those those growth are very similar, but if we look at the development of the shape of the Calcanean Through what we call a metric growth the change of shape Along the size of the growth basically if there was no differences in terms of development between The one that has lived in the pen and the one that is told the line would be parallel Or we can see that there is a strong significant interaction. So it seems that captivity Disrupts the developmental program of the decade. So that's pretty encouraging So let's go to the the results of the cortical fitness so This is the result against PCA on the fitness values of our max, okay The data set is a bit smaller You still have the modern Different breeds of Pigs some free-running one here and agree we have our experimental specimens. Okay again the explaining factors again mobility genetic and So you can see that here. There is to this main differentiation between white and domestic But this time this is mainly due to functional constraints Genetic is not as important So that's very interesting so the differences are pretty observable on those two Maps, okay, so domestic these have a thinner cortical bone Compared to why war and you could see for more yellow here. Okay, and also interestingly you have a different More bigger and this is and smaller and this is okay, and the captive specimens are in between this And you can see here that the cortical fitness is here And Okay, so I need to to rush I Need to rush so what we'll do now so that's very encouraging. So we have for both factors Strong evidence that it works. We can track those change Quantitatively, okay, so we're gonna adapt now the The protocol to fit it better to the fragmentation material of archaeology and we're going to explore the 3d geometry of Tropicular architecture And I would have to say all those fantastic people who have helped me to do this project without them It was completely impossible. Thank you very much. Sorry for my