 Okay. So, let's try this mechanism for the reaction that we just went over, right? So, to take a nitrile to a carboxylic acid, you can use acid, right? H3O plus. So, we get H3O plus from mixing what? What would we mix to get H3O plus? Yeah, what kind of acid? Like, strong acid, but what kind of acid would you get? Yeah, sulfuric acid would work, okay? Even a weaker acid like phosphoric acid would work. Remember, we use something like that for a similar reaction, not this exact one, but one that we did in class. So, what we're doing here is the mechanism of this reaction. So, does everybody have this initial scheme written down? Okay? So, remember what we're going to, okay? I want you to attempt to do this while I'm doing it as well. So, we're adding an acid to this. So, what kind of reaction do you think will be the first reaction that we see? Which protonation or an acid base reaction, right? Okay? So, which one do you think is the acid left or right? Right, obviously, right? Okay? So, what's going to happen? The base has to be the nitrile nitrogen, right? It has to be, because that's the only thing that has long pairs. Any protonation? So, that's the first step. And most of these are equilibrium arrows, so I'm going to write those. Okay? So, the next step here is going to be the nucleophilic attack of the nucleophile on the electrophilic carbon. Okay? So, where did we say the electrophilic carbon was? Remember in the nitrile? Which one is it? That one there? Yes, it is that one there. Very good, okay? So, that one there? Okay? And if you thought it was something different, that's the one we should have thought of. Okay? Because remember, that's the one we said that looks kind of like a carbonyl. Kind of like one. Not really, but it's got a very electronegative atom next to it, and it's got multiple bonds. Does that make sense? Okay? So, that would be the first arrow, but that's not the only arrow, right? So, we've got to break one of those bonds, so, questions on that? Remember, we have many water molecules in here, so we can use another one, okay? So, that's what we're going to use to keep protonating. When we keep protonating this with a water molecule, we regenerate that acid, okay? So, it's like a catalyst, okay? Questions on what we've done? There? Makes sense? Yes. The H3O plus? Yeah. I'm putting it there because I know what the next step is. Okay. Next step, these electrons here are going to go down and make that double bond. So, look, making a carbonyl, right? So, remember, what are we trying to make eventually? Carbonic acid. Carbonic acid. Do we need to have a carbonyl in that thing? Yeah. So, that's what we're going with this, okay? That's the first arrow. The second arrow, deprotonates that regenerated acid. Okay? So, if you put it down there, right? It would be harder to, you'd have to draw the arrow all the way. And I'm too tall to be all like, you know? Okay, so what the water's going to do is deprotonate that proton there. Mediate here. What kind of molecule is that? Let me get out of the way. Like, what functional group does it have on it? That's an amon, right? You see that? So, that's an anti-intermediate for this. If you're like, man, I don't know what that is. You got to go back and figure out the functional groups. So, the next step, we got acid. We're going to do an acid-base reaction. So, let's just deprotonate like that. And then, if nobody minds, since I'm kind of getting crowded here, I'm going to erase the top. Is everybody okay with that? How about this? Everybody not okay with that? All right, what the products of that is? Or are, I guess I should say. Of course, water as well. In this case, now water's going to be a nucleophon, okay? Because look, this thing is activated. It's going to be a good leaving group. So, what's going to happen? We're going to attack the carbonyl carbon. We're going to have these electrons come back down and knock off one of the two leaving groups, right? So, it will be knocked off, but since we have a lot of water in there and no ammonia in there, let's actually use principles eventually going to knock that one off. And when that happens, we're going to go back. There's a strong base or a strong enough base to deprotonate the proton-headed thing. And again, we'll just put that as a forward arrow since it's the last step. Even though before you work it up, it's going to be actually back over. But I don't want to confuse you. Mechanisms are not writing this. This is your kind of problem, right? Those of you who aren't very good at them, I would recommend that you write this down like we always do, okay? Are there any questions on this one? What are you going to continue with this one? As soon as I possibly can. Any other questions on this one? That are related to the actual problem?