 So I will talk about the breaking code today and getting cheating in contract breed. About us, Rezo is leading some sort of company for doing trading on the stock exchange and Amir is an accountant who works for let's say one of the big four companies in accounting in the world and I'm a researcher in the field of trusted computing and virtualization in the College of Management in Israel and in the University of Iwasco in Finland. I lead truly protect startup in the trusted computing field and I'm also a breed life master. Amir by the way was the European champion in breed 2003. So everything we describe is something that interested us. To study we are not really crypto geeks, this is all basically hobby work. Now about today's talk we will talk about the scientific aspect of breaking codes and some real life example. This is really about some top pairs like best players in the world being found cheating in breed in 2015. We focused about two Israelis, Mr. Ron Schwarz and Mr. Lutan Fischer. We focused about Israelis because we were Israelis. We were actually sitting in front of the computer rooting for the local team to win and we actually tried to protect them even when the acquisition arrived and then we found out we tried to protect them and we found out they were really cheating but not in the way people thought they were cheating. So that's what we describe and we represent our findings and also other people's findings and whatever was not found by us we will basically say if we seen further than others that's because we stood on giant shoulders and we were able to actually see further. We basically comment mostly about the Israeli Breeds Federation talks which are available online. We are not invited to the American contract bridge hearings or the European bridge league hearings and these are not available online but we know more or less what happened from rumors. So first of all why would somebody sit in bridge? I mean that sounds like a game that like four old ladies play in the kitchen and doesn't sound like something that you'll make a lot of money. So apparently first of all bridge is not a spectator sport. Nobody will pay to watch bridge like people are paying to watch football or basketball or boxing. People are not paying to watch bridge. However people actually will pay money to professionals to play with them or to play in a team with them and as a result there are professional bridge players making significant amounts of money. Let's say between 200,000 to half a million dollar a year which perhaps not compete with Cristiano Ronaldo but it's enough money that somebody would want to compete for to play for and on the plus side the career of a bridge player begins let's say semi-professionally at the age of 14. Let's say some play professionally at the age of 18 and it can go on for 35 to 45 years on average. Some play professionally even when they are 90 years old, 89 years old. So it's pretty long career and it's a pretty high paycheck. There is motivation to actually sit. It's not just something that you would see for fun. Okay, so I'm trying to talk as much as I can about bridge without actually teaching bridge. So bridge is a game that played between two pairs north south and east west. There is nothing special about the direction. It's just the names like I can play north south in one board and on the next round I'll be east west. There is nothing special about it and you can actually rotate the board. In a team's game four players plays against four players. One team sends a north south pair to play against the east west pair of the other team. The other team sends north south pair east west pair to play against sorry north south pair against east west pair of the first team. Now in a normal game of bridge you play with identical cards to minimize the element of luck. So our north south plays the same card as their north south. Our east west plays the same card as their east west and the cards are held on something like that called the board. Each round you pull the cards from the board and you see your cards after you end the round you return the cards to the board and they are playing identical same cards on the other table. Now a board usually takes about seven or eight minutes to play. A short competition takes about 24 boards or about three hours and let's say World Championship takes about, takes hundreds of boards and several days. If you play every single board in a World Championship and you reach the final then you play something like 800 or 900 boards. Now the last thing is that in bridge everything that you play, every card that you play, everything that you do is going to encode some meaning describing your hand to your partner. For example a high card followed by a low card may indicate that you have an even or odd number of cards in that suit that you favor an higher ranking suit or a lower ranking suit that you like the lead or you don't like the lead. Everything basically is encoded there. And this encoding is not cryptographic which means the other party if I'm north-south east-west is entitled to know all my encoding methods or everything that I, everything systematically that we do, the other party is entitled to know. There is full disclosure. And in the last, the last thing is that in bridge like in many other sports most of the times where you actually lose points you screw yourself. Most of the acts that actually cost your point or win point to the other teams are self-inflicted. You try to guess what cards happen to be dealt right now to partner based on the beating, based on the play of the card until that point. Sometimes you'll get it right, sometimes you'll get it wrong. Usually good players will get it right more often than bad players. So on a single round there is let's say 50 plus some epsilon cents for the better team to win. If you play significant amount of rounds then eventually the, the better team is vast favor to win. I mean, let's think about the casino here. Sometimes the casino pays the gambler but the casino in the long run is usually vastly favorable to win. So that's all about bridge. I'm not going to talk about bridge anymore. And sorry. There are basically two types of cheating. The first type of cheating which is also the most common and that's the one I'm going to focus on is conveying information that illegally not true game means. Game means means that, for example, you cannot convey information by making faces, making sounds, I don't know, pulling your tongue, scratching your head. That's basically illegal to convey information in that matter. You can only convey information using the card that you play or the beats that you make. The second type of information of cheating which is rare and I'm not going to deal with but it also exists is reporting results that on a method never happened. Let's say I pay you to say that I won or something. Falling the dealing of the card, falling the replication of the card, falling the board, illegally looking at your opponent card, trying to play a card that was already played, using illegal substances. I don't know. All that stuff is considered illegal but it's done much less often than the first one which is by the way not very often at all. I mean in the world class level, bridge is being played for about eight years and there were let's say less than 50 cases of cheating, less than 20 cases or 30 cases of actually conveying illegal information. So first of all, to prevent conveying information even accidentally, you don't really speak when you play read. You may see it in the newspaper like North opened one spade or one club and sorry, what it means is that North pulls like something like that from a reading box and places it on the table. So there is no like forceful one club, loud one club, hesitating double, forceful double. That's basically all gone from the real game of reads. Information is not supposed to transfer and oral bidding is really rare unless it's really like an amateur game. Now in professional games, they used to play with those boards. Then in 1965, two British players were found to convey information by the way they held the cards. Like if you held it in a certain way to convey some information about the distribution of hearts that you have in your hands. And as a result, in tournament playing professional games, there is like a screen that goes diagonally over the table and east doesn't see west, north doesn't see south. You don't see your partner so you can't convey illegal information. Now as we will see in a second, screens did not prevent illegal information passage but they actually made it more difficult to transfer information. So as I said, there is a screen that goes from north west to south east. Basically south and west see each other, north and east see each other but every player doesn't see his partner and as a result, you cannot convey information and you cannot transfer information to your partner illegally. Now that did not prevent seating. As it occurred in 1975, two Italian players were caught tapping each other's foot under the screen which led to first small t-tables to be placed under the tables and then that led to screens to go actually under the tables. And in 2013, Coing and other sounds were actually found to pass the screens which I will soon demonstrate and all that happened before the main events actually occurred. Okay, so that basically demonstrates, sorry, how breed is, oh wait, sorry, for some reason. Okay, fine, let's do it like that. That basically demonstrates how breed is played in a tournament play. Basically, there is the screen, there is the beads and there is like a tray with the player's passes and they transfer the beads. When the play is basically over, people collect their beads, remove the tray, put the board on the table, open a small shutter in the screen so they can see, they can see each other play and basically play. Now, leads us to the event that happened in 2013. These are basically two German players that were actually caught hitting and here is one thing that they did. You see, already seen his card, he's now placing the tray and he makes like a short hand movement that actually says I don't have anything in my hand and that's illegal the passing of information to his partner and that was actually found long before we approached the field. Another thing that they did, if you see, is actually coin and that indicates that he has short page in his hand. He has only one page in his hand and here again he's going to call just once to show that he has only one cloud in his hand. So that was actually, that's actually demonstrate how bridge professionally is being played. By the way, those two Germans that were caught hitting were also the world champions for team years, that is for players above 60 or something and they actually, they actually been caught red-handed and removed from play for basically life. Now we go back to our story. That's Boye Bruglund, he's the hero of our story. He's a bridge professional, he hold the World Championship for 2007 and after the event that I will describe, he won the 2015 Personality of the Hero World. Those are the two cheaters that we basically help to uncover. Lutan Fischer and Ron Svartz and in 2014 and 2015 they basically won everything that you can win. They won the World Championship, the Transnational Teams, they won the European Championship with Israel, they won three different North American Championship. When we caught them, it was like catching Lance Armstrong cheating. At the time they were one of very few pairs that were considered like really in the World Top and a very short list of pairs and that guy is not a professional bridge player or anything, but for him it was important for us to have those videos. He actually started taping videos and allowed cheaters to be uncovered and he put all the videos online of tournament plays in Europe and if it weren't for him, catching of cheaters would have been impossible and as we will soon discover, most of European top pairs were sitting at a time. So what happened or sorry several top European pairs were sitting at a time. So what happened in 2015 North American Bridge Championship? So Boja and his team were playing against their ex-teammates Lutan Fischer and Ron Svartz. They were actually teammates before the play and Ron and Lutan took a series of let's say ethical or bridge questionable decisions that led Boja to suspect that they are well sitting. Boja created a website bridgeheaters.com, by the way it's still online if you want to come check and got sued for one million dollars in like for slur and Boja called for basically crowdsourcing people to watch the bridge games between Fischer, Svartz and their opponents and try to find the code they were using to cheat. A Swedish player, Perula Kulin, breaks we will see what breaks means but he supposedly broken the code. The code as he described it was when they are sitting north-south and they are pushing the board. They will put the board on a certain position depending on which shoot they want lead. For example if I want a spade to be lead I will push it towards partner. If I want club to be lead I will push the board towards me. If I want diamonds to be lead I put in the middle. If I want heart to be lead I put it on the side and if there is no preference then I just put the board somewhere and not remove it until partner leads. That's basically the sign for no preference. So that's bridgeheaters.com that's the website and that's basically the accusation against them. Basically in all those cases they put the board in the center and that's where they are actually declaring the hand. Now when they are defending the hand they are taking the board and put it somewhere according to a signal. Sorry that's basically all the normal position. Now you see actually pushes the board to a position that's not normal. So you push putting it on the side and that's actually a case for an art signal, again a case for the heart signal, again a case for the heart signal. That's basically the irregular signaling here against for the spade signal. That's basically the irregularity and here is the code. So when he pushes it all the way through that's the signal for spade. When he places it on the side that's the signal for heart and when he places it in the middle that's the signal for diamond. When he keeps it in his side of the board that's the signal for club. That's how it looks like when I'm supposed to lead. So he pushes it all the way for a spade and spades the spade. He makes the unnatural move of placing that in the side after it was actually in the middle and that's called for a heart and he places it exactly in the middle and starts lead diamonds. Yeah, we looked at something like 40 or 50 hours of videos trying to write everything that happened and those Perola Collin and the Swedish guys they did the same. We looked, we scattered counting like times it touches the shirt, times that he called, times that that's like 40 or 50 hours of probably the most boring show in the world but in making lots of observation. So Kit will see another world champion, oh sorry, Kit will see another world champion has actually wrote an article in Bridgewinners.com that's the most popular bridge forum about the events. He basically convinces the most of the world that they are sitting and what happens now? So first of all Ron and Lutan are bent from playing by the Israeli Bridge Federation, by the European Bridge League and by the American Contracted Bridge League. So they cannot play. The three organizations independently charges them of ethical misconduct and Israel resigns from the World Bridge Championships, Sweden takes its place and the world moves on and finds three other cheaters that we never discussed. The world number one and number two players Flavio Fantoni and Claudio Nunes are found cheating and delivering information, by the way they play the card if it's played diagonally or horizontally on the board and they are bent from play and Monaco resigns from the World Bridge Championship. Smirnov and another German players, not the ones from the videos at first but another pair is also found cheating, they admit and they are judged by the European Bridge League and by the German Bridge Federation and others Budzinski and Cesar Balicki to Polish players are let's say bent from play suspected of cheating and Poland does not resign from the World Championship and also wins the World Championship with two other players, not with Balicki Smirnov and we are not happy. Now, why are we unhappy? So we are unhappy with the scientific method, we think that it might have been affected by prejudice against the pair that people didn't like the pair. There is no fresh data, people looked at boards as they were already played and developed a method based on the board that were already played. The sample size it was actually limited to some international event to the European Bridge Championship which we found too small and we had, there were only 11 suspected boards of cheating and out of them we had two significant outliers that we thought okay that's impossible, a pair in that level World Champions, they might get one wrong but two out of 11 is basically two mats and when all this started at least two of us were defending the pair, getting a lot of abuse in bridge forums, trying to prove that the scientific method that declared them cheaters was insufficient. Rezzo actually defended them online and actually gave a speech and testimony in the Israeli Bridge Federation. I questioned the research method online. Amir was the only one that was convinced that they were cheating but still was unhappy with the result and we all had to explain like why Svart's movement looks so unnatural. I mean let's say they are not cheating, why do they make all those weird movements and unnatural movements to cheat? We respect to Pritzadis, I would say that Pritzadis and Svart were involved in cheating as juniors and they are far from being the nicest players in the world. They are obnoxious, they are show-offs and it's very possible that players wanted to put them out of the way. I mean they are proud and annoying. French boards, so oh and by the way several board that were inconclusive mysteriously changed their marking over like the internet to feed accusation against them better which was again weird. French boards, so the same boards were used to raise the hypothesis and to actually judge they are guilty and that doesn't work that way because Brits played by human beings, human beings score, human beings need to go to the bathroom, human beings make some noises, human beings place the boards not so very accurately at the table and if there was no separation and there was no prediction you can just say that okay you did a Texas Arpshooter and you draw the mark around where you actually hit which is not something that is scientifically possible. How do I'm supposed to deal with no fresh data? So first of all there were more data, there was data from the Polish Premier League for Brits which Fischer & Schwarz played as like a sponsored players, there were data from a other tournament that they played and somebody actually suggested to use that as well. Also there was data from boards that they were playing east west. Now when they are playing east west they are not start with removing the tray but they can somehow touch the board and we thought okay maybe that's signaling in some way and there was a group and I think that that was what's done in the European Bridge League I'm not sure because I was never present in their like discussions that's right to use the code but with the east west hand as well as the north south and nobody argued that the east west and are basically new data fresh data and there is one more method that I used and that's something that using archaeology how do you determine if something is historically significant when you find something I mean you cannot model anything in advance because you don't know what you're going to find and then after you found it how do you say it's significant or not and we found a paper from 2007 analyzing a case where they found the tomb of Jesus in Israel they found the tomb of Jesus this they actually say like a several important names from the New Testament like Jesus, Matias, Mary Magdalene and they all found it in the same burial tomb and they tried to figure out what are the odds to get so many important names so many important historical figures in one burial tomb and they said okay that's the grave of Jesus and basically what they did was to multiply all possible names as were found in other historical information and then they said okay so we don't have fresh data but we've demonstrated the odds to find something as significant is very low and if you start multiplying then we figured out that the results are not that significant in bridge anymore so they didn't like using that method now the kid will see you actually posted the original accusation have sent me a private message claiming that the true test for hypothesis is the power of prediction he basically agrees and then he said okay they used just one set of boards I predicted using the three other sets except that wasn't what happened I mean there was a crowd sourcing call and all the hands were actually available they actually reviewed all hands and then they raised the hypothesis so you cannot check the hypothesis that you raised using four sets of and on three sets of and simply because somebody put just one set of and on the website so we disagreed the european bleed bleed league had a hearing they argued that okay we can use the the four east west end the five east west and from the same tournament where they actually touch the board and use that as fresh data and I would say okay that's fresh data but then the north soft code included five options including where you don't touch the tray and the board remains for no preference and that doesn't work well for east west because east west doesn't touch the board most of the time and north soft are charged with removing the tray so they developed a four a four-way signaling and they just removed the no no preference and they said if we don't touch the board that means nothing that's like random noise but that makes the east west hands and not fresh anymore in our opinion because you only develop that method after you watch the east west end you show that there is no sign for no preference and you decided what it means I mean you could say that putting the the tray on smart side or on wrong side is no preference or anything like that and you picked specific meaning so we said okay the east west hands are not fresh anymore then we said the sample size is too small all in all there were only 37 boards were not where we're fissure and smarts defended there were only 64 boards in question they played 27 hands they were on defense the 37 hands out of them a signal was actually given and a signal was actually given where there was no weak lead there was no a board that remains for no preference and there was no case where it's seamless for diamonds and in that case the board actually ends in the proper position and the signal was actually given in only 11 times and out of which nine were correct and if you consider the importance of archeological finding nine out of nine out of 11 is not really sufficient and fortunately more boards were available so we looked at other torment but first how was nine out of 11 calculated so experts were given a and by the boards and said if you had an illegal signaling method what would you signal with such a hand some experts would pick let's say spades some would pick signal for heart some would say signal for no preference and then if any of the experts chose the signal actually on the table that was considered true positive however experts are not always having the same opinion on certain boards experts can pick three or four different opinions so the result of what would you signal is basically close to a to a coin toss and not really to to one out of five or one out of four cases and there were just two significant outliers that couldn't be explained I had the world-class player tell me I'm sure they cheat but this is not a way that they cheat it's impossible they see this way I want them to be caught for real the first outlier was a dead ball where Svartz was supposedly signaling for clubs and if you look at Svartz hand he first he beat spades he beat three spades then he has the king queen fourth of hearts he has the queen jack six times of of spades I could find a reason to to play for a spade signal or to play to play for a heart signal or even to play for no preference signal but one thing that I'm not going to choose is signaling for clubs holding a no clubs that's basically impossible another outlier which is less obvious is that hand where Svartz holds king jack fourth of clubs but he actually doubles five clubs so he says that he has clubs and once more no expert would actually choose a club signal and if you look Fischer actually signals plays spades and Fischer is not likely to hold clubs in that auction anyway so those two are basically two unexplained balls that couldn't be explained or adjusted or anything using the old method and as I said are we alone so the vast majority let's say 90 percent of the world is more or less convinced that Fischer and Svartz are sitting and that the method is actually what was published in Bridgewinners and there is a minority that rejected the claim including Mr. Inon Lyon who is world champion in mind games Olympics in 2014 and he is like actually giving testimony that that's impossible that that's the method of sitting that two world class players would use and they get support from professors from Weitzman Institute of Science and CERN claiming that the statistic was actually wrong Mr. Ilam Gross both Inon and Ilam have actually gave their testimony in the Israeli Bridge Federation and it's available online. We believe we don't know that sponsors paid for their defense and Ron claimed that the defense costs one million seconds which is between one quarter of a million of euros or one quarter of a million of dollars so something we think somebody else paid for their defense and we we try to look at the stuff and what did we find first of all we find that if you switch the spade signal and the club signal and look at the same data you get eight out of eleven that are correct so nine out of eleven doesn't sound like too much if you can switch the signals and still get the same results by the way the signal only includes three shoots spades clubs and hearts and we switched two of them and got the same result so it doesn't sound like too much and then when we try to look at other stuff which requires some bridge knowledge but when we look at odd even ends or when we look at high car points we can find other signaling methods that are just as good getting the same nine of out of eleven but then when we look at other ends we find that the other codes collapse and the code proposed on the internet is usually working okay but introduces one extra outlier from the police bridge league so perhaps it's not a correct code after all but again we are not sure why the movement of the board is so weird so we look at the hands some more and we find out that fissile signals like three or four times more than svarts fissile signaling whenever is on defense svarts signaling whenever he actually has something to say and we start with the hypothesis that let's not use near far as pure calling suggested but let's use near svarts near fissile signaling method which is basically our innovation so if you look at fissile signaling that remains the same because near is basically near fissile but if you look at svart signaling then his signaling is actually the opposite of calling method and all of a sudden basically it all makes sense we have 11 out of 11 everything is correct we don't have any outliers so we wanted to test it further and we looked at additional board that they played we watched at some more hours of basically four fat men playing bridge we found seven more hands from the polish bridge league we found five more hands from the european bridge championship where they played east west we found one more bridge and from the north american bridge championship and we found we found one more hand from the european open team championship in tromso and basically it all makes sense it all fits and then we have to figure out what to do and i'm taking a legal detour now i'm saying once more i'm not a lawyer i'm not so sure that everything that i described is correct but fissile and svarts were facing three different trials on three different jurisdiction the american control bridge league the european bridge league and the israeli bridge federation and we are not sure i mean they already have submitted the accusations can you change the accusation while the trial still goes on and if you can't what does it mean if we publish that the code is wrong does double zeppel the applies i mean if they are found innocent of using one code can you accuse them of using the other code and if they are found not guilty are they off the hook and do they need to be proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt or is there a more electrically criteria we don't know but i can tell you what we decided and we decided to wait until the hearing in the european bridge league and not publish anything by them because we thought that okay the code is not like airtight it's not correct but we think that it's enough to actually convict them we don't want to to mess with the the legal case that actually happens and we had everything unpublished until european bridge league actually delivered the verdict but we did talk about the results and it's possible that the judges in the european bridge league knew that the code is not correct but they knew that there is a correct code that they cannot modify and they cannot actually use to solve the pair after the ebl generated the guilty verdict we actually released our results and the israeli bridge federation for sure and we think the american contract bridge league we held a trial in august we think that they used our code to accuse the pair so the aftermath for fissure and waltz the european bridge league convicted fissure and waltz of sitting and bent them for playing for five years and they also issued a massive fine which we think that fissure and waltz will not pay and they will be bent for life the european bridge league actually is noted that they are not using proven beyond all reasonable doubt but only proven to sufficient probability they are sitting perhaps it's because they heard of our code the american contract bridge league expelled fissure and waltz for good they removed them for to play for life the israeli bridge federation which we think had the most Torah examination and the longest hearings have concluded its hearing and is supposed to release a verdict but after the two previous verdicts were actually published without anything but a guilty verdict will be released as for the other theaters that we didn't deal with the italian bridge federation and the european bridge league convicted from tony nunes the american contract bridge league expelled them for life the german bridge federation and the european bridge federation convicted piekrak and smirnov and the ebl is still reviewing the balicki-zmuzinski case we think that they actually i don't want to give predictions fissure open up a pub smart fissure this degree in chemistry and they are hopefully outside of bridge world for good we wish them all the best but don't play bridge ever again and what did we achieve so fissure and waltz are outside the world of bridge hopefully for life the sponsors deserted the fissure and waltz fissure and waltz reported that they fired their lawyers that's when we heard that it cost one million shekels to actually pay them and there is no longer a thread of doubt in anybody's mind that they are worth sitting all the players that supported them initially deserted and i still argue about scientific method with some professor from chicago and perhaps the argument will never end some advice for cheaters if you do cheat try not to be obnoxious one of the way the reasons that from tony nunes managed to cheat for about 20 years and fissure and waltz were caught after one year after cameras were available was because fissure and waltz were obnoxious and basically raised the entire world against them and we figured that it seems pretty easy to develop some unbreakable code for example generate some pseudo random string which you cannot break and just move the code rotate the code based on the pseudo random string and that's basically unbreakable and if you are caught sitting and somebody is accusing you of using incorrect code set up one of the things that fissure and waltz did which was very bad for them was trying to basically accuse boye of slur swinging for one million dollars trying to raise too much noise and as a result we got involved and we broke their code so perhaps if if only they were setting up this would have gone away and advice for researchers, authorities, vigilantes so in reads there is this show us the code we will not convict the pair unless somebody shows the code and prove that they were actually cheating and that doesn't work as we said I mean I can define unbreakable code I can just generate some random string of numbers and reads players are very good at memorizing numbers so we think that basically all future codes and all future tutors will not be detectable by breaking the code and another thing is when trying to break the code try to look at the code from the recipient perspective because for example one of the things that we found out in one of the cases east west helped fissure and waltz and east removed the boards from the table and placed it on the table but that was actually sending a signal to the other end so don't ignore those things don't ignore those outliers try to look at camera angles we actually sat near a screen and try to figure out how things look from the player's perspective not only from the camera perspective and things sometimes look different so that's actually important there is now talk in reads to stop using physical cards start playing on ipad or stuff and start sending electronic signals because that will remove cheating well i guess i can tell you in this room that any electronic means is not going to stop cheating people will break into the iphone or ipad people will find some ways to broadcast information i mean that the fact that you are using cards or not using cards is not going to stop or prevent cheating what would prevent cheating is when somebody does something irregular then questioning try to figure to receive the logic and if somebody makes too many questionable moves and is world champion is probably cheating one more thing don't expect any phrases i'm still involved in credits wars about it that's why i was very precise at what we contributed and what others contributed but people are more happy to to fight over credit than to actually think what you did is good and the last thing is something very very unique we actually had two cheating pairs the gentlemen smirnoff and peacock playing against fissure and waltz on the european bridge team championship and one and a half hours into the match it appears that fissure was caught cheating peacock the catazim tells him that he's moving the world and he's signaling by moving the world and fissure more or less laughs it off and then two hours into the fissure tells peacock okay i know you are you are cheating you are cheating in a certain way you are placing the cards in a certain way to tell your partner if you are minimum or maximum for your beads and he's writing down like peacock makes some beads that says six to ten points he writes down you have 10 to 11 points and basically catazim online and of course neither smirnoff nor peacock nor fissure nor waltz actually reported each other they basically signaled okay we know and let's continue and get on with our cheating so that was actually funny okay so okay fissure actually moves the board because that's how he's cheating and he's actually telling him i know that you are cheating then 30 minutes later he makes an opening bead of two diamonds which he places near him which is six or ten points fissure is actually moving the the bead oh shit fissure is actually moving the bead so now it's a it's near his partner now it's actually so six points instead of ten and he's writing down on his note that you have you have shown ten to eleven points which is actually read the bell and smirnoff just says like okay and proceed so basically two cheaters catching each other live breaking each other code during play and of course not reporting and again credit so we use the work of boy brookland perula calling a train tira and the kids will see the videos that i presented especially with the audio and like just the stuff is by michael clark and lots of thanks to in only one and that you know sir woody fridtlander gilad of fear nicola summand and professor like lauler for helping with the stuff and generating more data on the on the case thank you