 SS7 is a short form for signaling system number seven and it's a protocol commonly used by tail calls to route SMS's voice calls to each other and an attack can be launched to intercept or drop a voice call or SMS. So to your question SS7 has known vulnerabilities and are critical for DFS or mobile money like we normally call it here because they can undermine the privacy of the mobile network users. Some of the threats we have observed in our environment are the ability to determine the subscriber's identity which is the international mobile subscriber identity which is the IMZ. The other threat is the ability to hijack and monitor subscriber's voice calls. Then the other is the ability to intercept subscriber's short message services which is your SMS and then the other that is common is the ability to manipulate subscriber's USSD which is your unstructured supplementary subscriber data. These threats if exploited can compromise the subscriber's basically and it results in huge financial loss fraud that eventually impacts the company reputation. I'll give an example in the telco environment USSD is very common for most of our services like mobile prepaid, mobile money, mobile banking and with this there is not only the sharing of one-time pins they are okay we call them OTPs which is your one-time passwords or pins and this could be intercepted so any fraud linked with USSD can cause severe financial implications to the subscribers to the network operators as well as the financial institutions. There's a couple of mitigations out there, however for empty and specifically to solve the signaling related security issues we have implemented an SS7 firewall. This file provides us the capability to view all SS7 threats and attacks and also has a flexibility to address new threats as they arise. The weather firewall is designed to mitigate threats by monitoring SS7 traffic that's on the map and the camel those are really application parts which is essentially message monitoring and here it detects unwanted and unsolicited messages. It also helps us set firewall policies and enforces defined rules to ensure legitimate use to avoid malicious intent. It basically provides us an insight into attacks and threats onto our network which would otherwise go unnoticed. And then another thing that we're using the firewall for it triggers email alerts. There's a group that we created that is that is called cyber defense fast responders so they pick up indicators of compromises and immediately assign them to responsible teams to block any cases of attack or threat.