 The study found that males had higher tuberculosis incidents and mortality rates than females, which was attributed to several factors including higher hip prevalence in males, lower ART uptake in males, higher smoking and alcohol consumption rates in males, and lower health-seeking rates in males. Additionally, males had higher rates of undernutrition, diabetes, and lower contact rates with healthcare providers compared to females. These findings suggest that there is a need to increase access to routine screening and early diagnosis for males, as well as provide additional interventions to reduce alcohol abuse and tobacco smoking. Furthermore, sustaining efforts to provide ART and other treatments for hip-related TB are essential to reduce the disparity between male and female TB cases. This article was authored by Mama Pudi Kubjain, Mona Cornell, Mohamed Osman, and others.