 Just distributing the syllabus of political science, paper 1, paper 2 and general studies 1, 2, 3, 4, ok. The reason is we will be seeing what are the areas which is overlapping between political science and general studies later, ok, second part. So, what we are going to today, to today is to orient yourself towards political science. What is this, optional is about, what are the positives of the myths that is there in this option and I am going to falsify those myths as we do in political science, no. J. S. Mill would say for every fake or wrong propaganda it is to be countered by truth, ok, or in frame of special expression the main problem that we have is that fake news, currently we have fake news. Do we have a solution in political science for that, yes, J. S. Mill has spoke about, you have in order to counter something which is false, you have to speak about truth, only then you can validate the truth and invalidate the fake news, false propaganda, ok. So, the myths about political science I am going to talk about and boost all those myths and then we will be talking about some, you know, it would not be pure demo, but some interesting in the beginning itself in interesting aspects that you will be coming across in political science to get the feel of the subject, how the subject will be, ok. Then we will be seeing the overlapping, ok, portions so that the benefits of taking political science as an option, then the class methodology how we are going to do, how to approach the study of thinkers, thinkers know when you are studying, how you have to approach it, what will be the class approach, how I am going to deal with the class, the test methodology, how the test will be conducted, when it will be conducted, ok, so that kind of orientation will be given to you, ok. And first point that I have to mention is this is the first time we are going for offline classes as well as tests, of course, pre-corona it was there, after that now only we are doing it, exclusively we will be doing it, every week we will be there, ok. The tentatively the date that has been fixed is 14th of August or 13th, ok, fine. So, I will tell you meanwhile what you should be doing, ok, and you can be contacting me through mail and all that, you know, so that I will be engaging you through this one month process, so you come up with a good foundation, ok, to introduce myself for those who are not there in the morning session, I am Satya Paul Deepak, I did my B.S.C. physics at Loyola College and then I got placed in Cognizant Infosys and Google and chose to work at Cognizant, worked there one and a half years, after that resigned and in order to prepare for Celsus examination my options were political science and sociology and so, yeah, geography for problems, first problems I took, problems also you have to take an option, I should have taken the same option for the problems and the mains, but overconfidence, ok. So, but it helped me in, you know, gaining wide knowledge, so when you read multiple subjects, you know, the interlinking of it will help you to gain a lot of knowledge, which is helping in me as a tutor or a trainer for Celsus examination. I have gone for five interviews, five consecutive interviews. Political science has always been one of the reasons why I reached the interview stage, ok. Unfortunately, I did not clear, as you told in the morning, I will, there are certain reasons and I will be revealing it to you, you will, like optional students are somewhat so closely related, I will know you by names, so automatically the informal interactions I will be telling you what not to do and guide you in the process of preparation of Celsus services, ok. So, this is my introduction and in Trivandrum, I have been conducting mains test series for political science already, ok, except for the last two years, from 2017. So, three consecutive interviews I have done, John Dick Otto from Trivandrum, he cleared in the first attempt, he took political science main test with me, he was from other institute of course, may exclusively me and he, I think in Google review of Trivandrum branch, he has given his review mentioning my name, ok, for giving him a special attention, he used to call me and I give a personal attention to him, apart from preparation some materials which is not there for political science. That is one person I can claim for and there are other people like Agnacletes and others as a team we guided them. In Chennai 5 exclusive, I am just claiming people to whom you can make a call, they will say this because of Satipalsha, we cleared. Totally 6 people, one here, 5 in, because I did not take options there, I took options only in Bangalore, only one batch, ok, in this Gishno is one of my student, only mains test series from that, you know these people, now two people have cleared mains and going to take up mains whom I am guiding, Bangalore branch, Rahul and Danshu and Dhaneshwar from 2017 batch, he is also taking up mains, last time they took, now also they are taking, political science good marks, even they have taken a mark more than the average score of those who cleared final list, ok, they have not cleared because of essay or some other paper, I am guiding them now also, so we can expect there is in this time. So, I just wanted to tell these people whom you can claim, I can claim exclusively that I personally guided, you call them and I think somebody is from Kasugod, you know, I think you should be knowing, know a sub collector, you know, ok, yes she is under my guidance only, she is sociology option, but general studies mains paper I corrected, evaluated and the special attention was given and she cleared, ok. So, these people, now before going to talk about the benefits of political science miss another thing, I just want to find out how interested are you in the subject. So, firstly I would like to ask certain questions, the main problem in administration is corruption, right, yeah, what is corruption, can anybody define, just try your own, because all of us know what is corruption, yes, one who takes bribe or uses government money is corruption, yes, ok. So, when you are so much interested in your self-interest, compromising the interest of the people you are working for, ok, right, ok, that's a more comprehensive, not only money, when you use your official office for your own use at the cost of public use is what we call this. And then there will be another form of corruption that is when the states direction is one, overall the community has one idea, but you impose your own idea over them, that is also corruption, it's not only monetary, it is not only promotion of self-interest, it is also promotion of one's own thinking over the public thinking, ok, defined by Machiavelli, not me, Machiavelli, in political science you will learn this comprehensively, a lay person will think that corruption is just money alone, but corruption is when you impose your own self-interest, ideas and, you know, wishes over the wishes of the common, yes, what we call it as corruption. I'll teach you casually, listen. Now, while corruption is taking place, any idea, you can give your own opinion, like just be relaxed, see political science is a subject which is being created by discourse, not dictation. So, I am not going to dictate in the class, we are going to have a discussion, discourse, where I will give an opinion, you will counter that opinion, then we will evolve an opinion with the guidance of the political thinkers, what they have said with that we will be doing. So, tell me what may be the reason for corruption? Yes, selfishness, ok, one's one's one's why one person want to become rich, why a person wants money, buy things for themselves and family, ok, family, ok, fine. So, Plato's offered a solution, he said that a person who's coming to rule the country should not have family and they cannot own property. Only when you say allow them to, you know, you can earn as much as property, you will go into corruption and, you know, go for unproportional income or disproportional income, which is not fitting for your income, ok. And family is the main reason why you are corrupt. So, many a time, 99% of the IAS, IPS offices, when they get selected into the services, they are non-corrupt. That is why they score good marks in interview and what makes them to become corrupt is because of family. Even if you are not corrupt, ok, boys know, the wife will say, what is the use of you being an IAS, you know, use like that. If it is husband, he will also say, I married you thinking that you will be bringing in lot of Lakshmi to the house, but now you are not doing anything, you are not using the power. So, there is misuse of power and corruption. Let us say so, one who comes to state the ruling class should not have family and property solution. Then Kautilya, he also explains the reason for corruption. Indian thinker, Arta Shastra, he says that, suppose there is a fish in a tank, you do not know how much water it has consumed, right. Like that, a bureaucrat, a person who is in the ruling class is inside the administration, you cannot correctly assess how much money that has been taken, how much power has been misused. So, corruption is a reality, but at the same time, he offers solution. What is the solution he is offering? Point one, heavy punishment, capital punishment for corrupt officials. Second, he is not only talking about capital punishment, he says that reward those people who are revealing the corrupt officers, whistleblowers. We are thinking that whistleblowers are somebody who has talked about in the recent times, no, Kautilya has talked about it, okay. One who are revealing the information, they should be rewarded. Honest officers must be publicized and honored, okay, giving awards, you know, placing them for the public, telling them they have done the best thing. So, when you honor them, automatically it incentivize other officers to be honest, paying of penalty, okay, confiscation of property, okay. This proportionate to the corruption they did, confiscate everything, okay. And now to prevent corruption, he talks about, you know, a particular method of recruiting officials as well as training these officials, okay. He will be telling, you know, you must be recruiting people from the same class. As you know, in India, we have a caste-based society where there is certification. Each caste will be performing a particular action. One of the positive thing about this, it's negative only, this modern generation, we are criticizing caste system. I'm not going against it. But one of the positive thing about the same caste doing the same work is they will maintain the ethics. Have you seen this Bahubali film? Bahubali? I should ask who didn't watch the film? Just know you didn't watch. Please raise your hand, no, the interactive. I'm not going to ask any question. Those who didn't watch raise your hand, which means all of you have watched, right? There they'll, yeah, you didn't watch. They'll be talking about ethics of each class. Okay, so if you are a warrior class, you have to obey the orders of the king. Okay, if you are a spouse of the king, if you are a bride or bridegroom of a particular kingdom, you should follow the ethics. Throughout the film, this ethical aspect will follow. Even in the climax, there will be a one scene where the catapal is the closest person, uncle of the king, prince, he will kill the king. Why? It is because it is order that has come from the godmother, ethics, okay, to follow the requirement. Okay, so what I'm trying to say is with respect to Kautilya, he says that if you recruit from a certain class, you will ensure that they are remaining loyal and non-corrupt, because the generation after generation, they are trained in ethics. See, these are multiple perspectives. We have to see all these multiple perspectives. According to the modern times, we have to list out what are the things that should be done to do away with corruption. Okay, fine. Now, which class do you think is best to rule? Middle class or rich people or poor people? Who's best to rule a country according to your opinion? Make a guess if you don't know. Now think and answer. Who will do the best to? Yes. If you're wrong also, no matter. I told you only when you discuss, you make a lot of mistakes, your thinking process will enhance and you will be able to form a lot of opinion, which is best for political things often. Yes. Middle class, okay, very good. Any other answers? Open up. You have something to say. Sorry. Middle class, one middle class, because you're all from middle class. Maybe that is one of the reasons. Most of them are from middle class. That may be reality today. Okay. Sorry. Why? He has given a reason. You also give a reason. Okay, I'm asking, you know, people who come to power, they should be from rich class. Yeah. Supposing IA is IPS. That doesn't matter. Okay, in case if I ask you, who will better shoot into that role? Non corrupt, a person, you know, anonymous, who is willing to serve the society without thinking about gain, who is politically neutral, who will abide by ethics of civil services, property will be there, integrity will be there. All the role of civil services is there, no? Yes. Probably rich person. Okay, Aristotle gives a solution. He says that middle class median, he uses what golden mean. The rich will be careless, okay, careless of the law or they will be arrogant of the law. You put any rule they will not follow. Whereas the poor will be ignorant of law. I just know we have discussed this, no? Poor is will be ignorant of law, while the middle class will be abide full of law. So the middle class here, we are not talking about caste, we are talking about class because Aristotle society is class based society. So he says that the golden mean. Now, rule by elite or rule by poor, okay, or I would say the two terms is using one is oligarchy, another is democracy. Democracy is ruled by many ruled by the people like India. Okay, oligarchy is a powerful few people will be ruling the society. Okay, so what is best form? Do you think so the society be ruled by few or by the people by the people of course, because you are in India. So you say this, but there is a problem when democracy is ruled by the people things will happen as it is happened in Maharashtra, Karnataka. Right now, during Congress time in 1970s, lot of state governments was taken away. Is it democracy? Democracy always goes by the number. That is the problem. Right? And people always does not know what is good to them. Okay? For example, in Sri Lanka, okay, people come and they know they burn houses. Okay, something is going to happen because of burning the houses of politicians. Nothing. Okay, so democracy is equal to move over, according to Plato. So Aristotle comes and say, there should be a golden mean. He uses the word quality, quality. From there only we are using the word quality, Indian quality, US quality like that. Quality is the mix of oligarchy and democracy. In India, we have democracy because we have elected politicians, but at the same time, we have educated IS officers guiding them. And we have dynastic politics also in India. This is a kind of oligarchy. We have people from a particular group is coming. Of course, democracy opens up, but the mixture of oligarchy and democracy gives a sustainable political system, according to Aristotle. See here, we have to talk in political science. We should not opinion. I have opinion. I my system. Aristotle is saying this. And then in conclusion, in answers, you have to say which is the best form, whether what is it is correct or not. Modern times, how democracy as said by Aristotle will be a problem. But there are measures that you can take to ensure that democracy is working properly by introducing certain institutions and policies that you can mention as the answer. Okay. Yeah. That is your comment. Very good. That is your comment part. In political science paper, the first five questions mandatory, question number one in section A and question number five in section B, they use the word comment, especially the not in section B, the section A for question one, five questions comment, which means you have to write what Aristotle has said and then opinionate on it. Give your opinion. That freedom is there in political science, whereas other subjects know the scope for commenting is will be very less. You have to tell what the thinkers have said and then you have to talk about what is your opinion with comparing to the present systems. That's good. Very good. Okay. Now, what should be the character of the head of the state, one who is ruling the country, whether it is a king, it's a prime minister. Okay. How come, what should be the nature of a person, whether he should be honest, moral, or can he be moral? Can be immoral at times, he actually says this and he says that don't apply the morality of common people, the morality of king. King is, we should not say immoral. We should exactly use the word that is non-moral. His actions of morality has to be decided in the interest of the state. If he did something and it is in the best interest of the state, then that is moral. And on beautiful word is there, what Machulay says, the king must be lion and fox. Lion in the sense of courageousness, fox, in the sense that in order to counter the enemies, in order to count in the opposite state, you must be cunning. China king create trouble in neighboring country. Kautilya says yes, Machulay says yes, both are comparable, both says yes. If your country has to be fine, you have to create trouble in the neighboring country, keep it weak. Use SPNOT system and Kautilya talks about eight types of SPNOT system, eight types of people who best shoots to be a spies and how they can be used in order to control the internal security for that matter, also protecting the borders. Okay, so GS internal security part and all, you will get a lot of inputs from here. Okay, so what are the strategies, the carrot and stick policy and all is spoken by both Machulay as well as Kautilya. Okay, now when we come to these three thinkers, English liberal thinkers they will say, Thomas Hobbes, Locke and Mills, you know these thinkers which I'm mentioning they are in our syllabus, that is why I'm talking about them. What is their contribution? Because traditionally people have got kings as to be, all powerful. Citizens are subjects, they should not open their mouth before the king, but these English rebels are coming and saying that individuals are having rights, they are having rights, they talk about natural rights, artificial rights and we will speak about the lettering, they have rights. Thomas Hobbes talks about right to self-preservation, you have to protect yourself, so you should be in a country. Then Locke comes and says that you have life, liberty and right to property, he's introducing three rights. Traditionally they say we should have a country, the country should protect us, we should have a powerful king. Next generation of thinkers are coming, yes there should be a powerful country but there must be limitation of power, there must be rights like that. But when you talk about rights, English thinkers they were talking about rights of mercantile class alone, traders alone, they were not talking about rights of the common people, they were talking about the rights of the traders, free trade, like that they have been talking, right to property, right to liberty, they were not talking about the rights of workers, they were not talking the rights of poor, this is where Karl Marx is coming, he's coming and countering English philosophers and the earlier philosophers saying, state is an instrument of oppression. See how it is evolving, the concept of state, the modern state has evolved through these thinkers, that is why these thinkers are insolent. The theory behind why the state would have come, how it evolved is what we are going to read it. Karl Marx comes and opposes it, tells that state is an instrument of oppression, it is working for the capitalist class, rich people only, he spoke for the liberation of workers, he spoke for a communist state where workers will be the state or I should be very clear, he wanted a socialist state where workers are rulers, then these rulers as well as workers will dismantle the state and distribute the property to the community, right to property is not now what the individual right to property is of the community, he doing it but only socialist state was possible, okay then since Karl Marx failed in the sense his analysis was correct about the society, the problems of the society was able to explain why rich becomes richer, poor becomes poor, these and all you would listen in your everyday newspapers these will come, resolve these ideas have taken from the thinkers who you are going to read in political science in detail, I'm giving you the glimpse of them, after that you know Karl Marx, Gramski is coming and explaining, Antonio Gramski is also in our syllabus, Gramski is telling that Karl Marx failed because he did not understand the sociological influence of ideology and other things in sustaining the system, he is introducing a term called as hegemony, hegemony, hegemony, he gave you introducing concept called as hegemony, which means with ideas how you are controlling, common people are exploited but they will not know that you go to a shop, a particular product, actual selling price will be 100 rupees, they will display 150 rupees and the slash 250 and then you put we are selling it for 100, common man is being cheated but he'll go happily feel that he's in a comfort position, this is one lay example for how hegemony works, you are exploited but you will be not aware of your exploitation, you will think everything is working for your interests, simple the workers accept the exploitation of the rich because workers think their interest is in the interest of their owner, if owner is happy, owner is earning money I'll be also happy, he will give me salary, he will take care of me, so I'll be happy, so they are not innocent, so Anthony Gramski is coming and saying that first you have to spread the ideology of socialism, make people understand that they are being exploited, then you have to establish a socialist state, communist state, then only it will be feasible, so he's offering solution for Marx, so after Marx you will be studying Gramski, got it? The failure of Marx is explained by Neo-Marxist Gramski and he says that it is because of ideas, people do not understand they are exploited, they are agreeing, now you have to make propaganda, then comes Zanna Arendt, she is against all kind of existing systems, she says that you have evolved a system in which you have separated politics from people, at the beginning, in Greece, in Athens, what was the system, all people will take part in the decision making process, participatory democracy, direct democracy, in India also, Sabhas and Samathis, the republican form of government of Buddha, once again, Buddhist thought you will be reading in our political thinking, in political science, ancient Indian thought, the Buddhist thought talks about the election system, they talk about Sabhas and Samathis, they talk about how people, even now Tibetan form of Buddhism, elect their leader in a democratic way that comes from Buddhist thought, so both western world, Greece, the ideological capital of western political thought, from Greece, only everything spread right, and India, let's leave Arab and Chinese other civilizations, let's compare these two, western and India, we also started with direct democracy, okay, even in case of Tamil literature, you know, for your information and they talked about councils, where and there is a separate system, which is the main question also, Kudavolai system wherein they will elect through a democratic process, okay, so we started as a direct democracy and slowly we started separating, telling that guarding the country and ruling the country is of a separate class, then from starting from Plato, Plato started this, so it culminated till Karal Maas and as well as you know, Gramski is also once again establishment of state, once again they are saying workers only should rule, they are saying it is a job allocated to a particular group in the society, in other words, it is called as division of labour, Anarand is saying, no, we should go back, human beings are political, so everybody should take part, when you allow a group of people to manage the country, they will exploit the poor, they will exploit the working class, there will be a problem, even if workers come, no, they will be exploiting other groups, other vulnerable groups, she is a Jew, okay, who went all kind of exploitation and this anti-Semitism, like opposed to Jews, this kind of thing during Hitler, she was under the Hitler regime, so she seeing Hitler and Stalin, she denied Nazism, he denied socialism, communism, she thought both are totalitarian regimes, both are completely controlling people, people are being exploited, so she said we should go back to direct democracy, what kind of direct democracy, let us speak in the class, because our concept is quite complex to be explained in very short, but it is very, very beautiful, you have to know from the beginning, Greece, Athens, Plato, Aristotle, till Karl Marx what they said and what Hitler did, what Nazism did, then only you can easily understand and aren't, she is very easy to understand, but entire internet and all those things, they may explain it, I have made it easier for you, okay, so in political science, okay, so this is how things will go, okay, it is about theory of how we organize ourselves as a community, how we organize as a country and rule ourselves, what is the systems that is available, various systems, why those systems came, which system is suitable when, do you think democracy is always good, no, Machiavelli talks about it, a crisis-ridden society should have, I was talking to you, morning, crisis-ridden society should have a strong leader, cunning leader, whereas a smooth society should have a Republican form of government, representative form of government, wherein common man should be able to access high level and every decision should be taken in a democratic way, okay, there are things like this, okay, so we will be studying about theories, we will be studying about what is power, its theories, various perspectives of power, okay, various perspectives of hegemony, equality, right now we may think equality means economic equality, not like that, equality differs from thinker to thinker, Aristotle justifies slavery in the name of equality, surprising, and Aristotle talks about differential treatment of people with different caliber, the best of the society should be honoured and rewarded more and those who are less contributing to society should be rewarded less, so equality is not that, you know, they are talking about perfect equality and there are dimensions of equality, so they are talking syllabus, we are going to study the dimensions of equality, meaning political, economical, social, cultural, okay, we are not talking about one-time dimensional, multiple dimensions and the conflict between these ideas and we always think, no, when we study preamble, liberty, equality, justice, dignity, all these concepts are interrelated, that is how I take class, quality class, but in political science there is a contradiction between these points also, we will be seeing the other side, that is the interesting aspect, okay, we just don't read what constitution says, beyond that conflict between equality and liberty, conflict between dignity and justice, conflict between liberty and justice, then there is procedural justice, substantial justice, okay, sometimes some people when they are mentioning they will be talking about procedural justice, substantial, you may be asking, sir, what is this, wait for the class, okay, so human mind, no, when it speaks, it speaks with a narrative, with a dimension, with their own past experiences, with their ideological, religious, caste background, some other person interacts, this new instances you will understand only when you read political science, okay, what exactly is equality, okay, and you will be reading about Gandhiism, normally we think Gandhi is the person who got freedom, his philosophy part we forget, okay, as an Indian all of us must read the philosophy of Gandhi, which is truly ideal, very ideal and very beautifully drafted, okay, and it is, you know, very path breaking also, in fact, his idea of power is called as constitutive view of power, because it is used by people, generally you may think that Gandhi always has to abide by law, right, but in some instances he has said civil disobedience, he has said that if law is unjust law, you should not obey, and what is power? Power is when people come together against those who are abusing them through law, power is not holding law and implementing law, it is when there is abuse of law, people has to arise, freedom struggle, you will be linking it, okay, so you will be learning about Gandhi, Ambedkar, Sir Saeed Ahmad Khan, okay, the person, Emond Roy, okay, who is actually a one who is an influencer of Indian constitution, okay, there is a passing by reference of Emond Roy in Lakshnikan, who is, who is he, what he suggested, okay, in fact, in Mexico, communist party was started by an Indian, that is Emond Roy, and equal to Lenin and Stalin, there was one person who was highly influential of the communist international, called as communist grouping, which is Emond Roy, Emond Roy had differences with Stalin, so he came out, okay, so that is different story, but he was influential, highly powerful, he was in Politburo, Politburo is the highly influential body, he was there in that, okay, so you will be talking about Emond Roy, then section B completely I am going to talk about Indian polity, both constitution and actual functioning of the constitution and sociological aspects of our constitution, caste, religion, you know, actual working of political parties, like that and social movements, okay, like peasant movement, workers movement, okay, environmental movements, these are the things you are going to study in the section B, okay, and paper two you are going to talk about comparative politics, you are going to compare the societies, developed and developing society, here you are going to compare how the state is, government is, how social civil society is, like NGOs, other people, how they are working, party system, how it is differing, so you are going to compare developed and developing countries in general, and then you are going to talk about globalization, what is the meaning of globalization, what is its response, then we are going to study about international economic system, united nations, okay, in the first part and the contemporary issues, contemporary concerns that is there, okay, so these are the important areas we are going to cover, in section B of paper two, we are completely going to cover foreign policy and current affairs, where they would have, it may appear as static, whatever you read in newspaper, morning I said, no, newspaper reading, it is very useful for political science, it actually cuts down our time, because whatever you read in paper, apply the theory, you know the technical terms, apply it and then you can write good answers, get good marks, okay, fine, so I have just given you overall orientation, so this is how political science classes will go, lectures will go, going on, and we will be discussing in detail about each thinker and each concepts in detail, okay, so I just opened for writing the spelling hegemony, that anyway we will later see when we come to Gramsky, so this is the next, why political science and international relation, you have your this thing you know, I will just tell you the topics which is overlapping, so take your pen, take both syllabus that has been distributed to you, GS syllabus, as well as the political science syllabus, what we are going to do is compare and see, okay, where which are the areas is overlapping between the two subjects, has anybody done that already? No, right, okay, so now this will be an exercise which will help you to decide on or be confident that you know your choice is good, okay, now general studies, paper one, general studies one, the second topic, modern Indian history from about the middle of 18th century until the present significant events, personalities issues, no, you can underline that topic, the second part of the topic, you can number it as one, why not to compare, okay, now take political science syllabus, section B of paper one, Indian government and politics, Indian government and politics, yeah, in that first A, one A, political strategies of India's freedom struggle, underline, constitution to mass, non-cooperation, civil disobedience, militant and revolutionary movements, present and workers movements, you read this in political science, GS that is covered, 60% of GS is covered, that area is covered and you will be reading it with various perspectives also, so your answers will be sharp there, only thing is you will not mention the whose perspective, whether it's Marxist perspective, whether it's liberal perspective, whether it's feminist perspective, whether it is the perspective of Indian or a western the Cambridge school, you will not mention the perspective but that idea you can write there in a layman terms, okay, then take the GS syllabus, one, two, three, four, five, fifth point which starts with history of the world, in that paragraph come to the last sentence which talks about political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism, underline that and mention it as two, mention is two, topic number two, now take the this one GS syllabus, sorry, political science syllabus, in that section B Indian government and politics, sorry, wait, yeah, in that, paper one, eight, topic number eight, underline liberalism, socialism, Marxism, eight, paper one, paper one of political science and internationalization, eight, political ideologies, liberalism, socialism, Marxism, two, same as what GS, Mark here also so you can relate, okay, then take the GS paper, general studies, paper one, next to this capitalism socialism, you have salient pieces of Indian society, diversity of India that is not reflected in political science but next one, role of women and women's organization, underline that and put number three, okay, then come to, yeah, section B Indian government and politics, point number 11, point number 11, women's movement is there, no, there, human rights movement, women's movement and the environmental movement is there, so underline women's movement, so same, right, political science and here, common, if you read in political science elaborately, you can handle this topic, you can skip that when it comes to GS, see, you read political science often fully and then adjust it with GS, don't do the reverse, many of you who choose political science will think that what do you read in GS, you can apply here, don't do that, what do you read here, write there in simple terms, without using thinker's name, without using strong terminologies used in political science, in layman terms, write the answers there but it's overlapping, it reduces your time, okay, next, yeah, after that effects of globalization on Indian society, point number four, that is in general studies, paper one, okay, after role of women and women's organization, next point, effects of globalization of Indian society, underline, in GS, paper one, general studies, paper one, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, eight, eight, point, it's in a dot, okay, it is used, effects of globalization on Indian society, that is point number four, okay, mark it as point number four, take political science syllabus, paper two, paper two, fourth topic, globalization, responses from development and developing societies, responses from development and developing societies, so when you read the responses of development and development societies, first you will read the effect and then only response, okay, comprehensively when you read it in political sense, you can cover that area also, okay, single place you're running, you are completing that area, okay, so in that topic globalization, put four, okay, then come to GS paper, next topic, after effects of globalization, communalism and secularism, round that and put point number five, communalism and secularism, put point number five, come to political science service, yeah, paper two, sorry, paper one, section B, paper one, section B, point number, that is topic number nine, the second page, topic number nine, religion in Indian politics, they would have mentioned caste, religion, ethnicity, Indian politics, religion in Indian politics, no, round that, religion, word religion round that, put number five, which is nothing but it talks about communalism and secularism, so when we read comprehensively religious effect, communalism and secularism in different dimensions in political science, we will be able to address that there also, both talks about communalism in India and secularism in India, okay, next, now general studies, no, paper three or general studies, paper two, general studies, paper two, governance constitution, politics there, no, there, first topic, underlying Indian constitution, historical underpinnings, evolution, yeah, if you underline, put point number six, Indian constitution, historical underpinnings, evolution, put point number six, come to paper one of political science, syllabus, section B, topic number two, making of Indian constitution, legacies of the British rule, right, underlying, making of Indian constitution, legacies of British number, point six, which means both topics are same, why we are giving numbers to check, you know, which topic is overlapping, so when we are preparing, it can be easy for you, okay, to avoid repetition, then, you take GS paper, same, after Indian constitution, historical underpinnings and evolution, the first topic of, general studies, paper two, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure, underline, same first topic, after point six, underline it separately and put point number seven, okay, then come to paper one, section B, topic number three, which talks about salient features of Indian constitution, there, they have just mentioned features, yeah, they have given the detail, what are the features of Indian constitution, what are they, preamble, fundamental rights, firm duties, director principles, parliamentary system, amendment procedure, judicial review, basic structure, same topic, you have given elaborately here, okay, so when you read this, point number three of Indian quality in our class, then, eight, put point number eight in the second point of general studies, paper two, functions and responsibilities of union and states, underline that point and last but one word before, challenges there in, last two words, challenges there in, underline that, double underline, the same paragraph, last line, last two words, challenges there in, okay, so this is point number eight, come to political science paper, paper one, section B, principle organs of the union government, underline that, envisaged role and actual working, underline actual working, so challenges the other phrase, there's actual working, see in between if you miss, please raise your voice, tell that sir repeat, I'm willing to repeat, please underline, we'll avoid the repetition, yeah, fine, so take the GS paper, paper two, okay, leave the third and fourth topic, fifth topic, parliament and state legislature, structure functioning, conduct of their business powers and privileges and issues are already arising out of these, put point number nine, put point number nine, now come to political science paper, paper one, section B, where you put point number eight, the next one is point number nine, underline no principle organs of the state government, principle organs of the state government, okay, then there's both fourth and fifth point no, they also include the next point in GS paper, I'll tell you from first, take GS paper, the next topic, structure, organization and functioning of the executive and judiciary, underline that structure, organization, function of executive and judiciary, point number 10, come here, okay, both A and B, okay, of section B, topic number four, political science paper, paper one, section B, point number four, into A and B, in both, this tenth point will come, it talks about judiciary, where they have given it in a clubbed manner, here they have separated in a different manner, otherwise these point four is same, okay, next statutory bodies, that is one next phase no, turn the next phase, third point, third topic, statutory bodies, only underline statutory, because in political syllabus, we talk about statutory bodies only, okay, regulatory and quasi-individual is the GS part, they won't ask question in the political science, so underline only statutory, okay, now take the political science paper syllabus, okay, there, perhaps point number six, underline that statutory institutions and commissions, okay, before the statutory body, no, in GS paper, take GS paper, in fact, this, along with statutory, you can underline the above topic also, appointment to various constitutional courts and powers, function and responsibilities of various constitutional bodies, underline that, that particular point, we have it in political science also, election commission and various other commissions, all are following no, then after the statutory no, next topic, government policies and intervention, leave it, next topic, development process, leave it, welfare schemes, no, in that paragraph, last line, last sentence, third sentence, bodies constituted for protection and betterment of vulnerable sections, underline that, bodies constituted for protection and betterment of vulnerable sections, okay, take a political science paper, okay, in that, you know, the same after this election commission, finance commission, there is national commission for schedule cast, schedule tribes, national commission for women, national human rights commission, national commission for minorities, national backward class commission, underline that, okay, so which is same as the institutions there, they're talking about institutions for the welfare of marginalized people, they're given in detail, political system is, if you read all these things comprehensively here in political science, that area can be skipped in general studies, okay, okay, next is issues relating to development management of social sector in the years, leave it, issues related to poverty and hunger, leave it, important aspects of government, leave it, role of civil services, leave it, India and its neighborhood relations, underline, India and its neighborhood relations, underline, put point number 13, put point number 13 and come to paper 2, section b, topic 3, paper number 2, section b, India and the world, topic 3, India and the world will be bold, topic 3, not there, topic 3, A, B, C, D, all four, yeah, all four, underline all four, and put point number 13, this is nothing but India and its neighbor, India and South Asia and India's neighbor, the bird is different, but India and South Asia is nothing but India and its neighbors, okay, you will learn it comprehensively together, okay, this one, they are not concentrating on bilateral relations, but issues, they are bilateral relations, anyway it is interrelated, you read India and South Asia first and then we prepare for bilateral relations, it will be holistic, we handle both areas, okay, next take GS paper, bilateral, regional and global groupings, okay, underline that, bilateral, regional and global groupings, come to paper 2, point number 10, topic number 10, regionalization of world politics, EU, Asian, APEC, NAFTA and SARC, then United Nations, that is also a global organization, global organization, point number 9, that also underline, in India and the world, topic number 6, India and the UN system, role in UN peacekeeping, demand for permanency in security council, underline that, so this is the concern that we have when UN questions will be there in political science as well as the FGS, yes, last point is, I told in India and the world, there is a topic called as India and the UN system, point number 6, underline that, role in UN peacekeeping, demand for permanency in security council, which is related to the bilateral, regional and global groupings, that point. Now in GS paper, next to that bilateral, regional global groupings, leave the next topic, effect of policies and politics, next is important international institutions, agencies, foreign, their structure and mandate, UN will come, okay, here it is elaborate, UN if you learn there, UN part is over here, but other institutions like ILO, WHO and all, in general studies paper you have to study, which is not there in political science, okay, so UN system alone, if you read there, in this point, important international institutions, UN part you can skip here and other institutions alone study, you mark that, except for UN, other things should be studied for GS, so UN you will be studying elaborately other institutions moderately to manage the questions asked in GS paper, okay, UN in detail other institutions in moderate, mark that, note that there itself, okay. Then next, paper four related to planning, related to planning, that is first topic, Indian economy and issues related to planning, no, underline that, come to political science, paper one, section B, paper one, eight topic, planning and economic development, underline, okay, so here put point number 17, there are also, in GS paper also put point number 17, related to planning, then in general studies paper three, one, two, three, four, five, six, seventh point, seventh point, land reforms in India, land reforms in India, land reforms in India, once again if you come to political science paper, paper one, section B, political science paper one, section B, same, eight, eight, paper one, section B, eight, after this in the, in the topic planning and development, you will see that land reforms and agrarian relation point is there, underline, okay, so if you learn it in political science, there you will be fine, liberalization economic reforms, the next point also underline, same, paper one of political science paper, section B, eighth topic, liberalization and economic reforms, underline, okay, in GS paper, if you see, after land reforms, GS paper three, after land reforms in India, you will find effect of liberalization on economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth, so you can underline that, so holistically if you read in political science here it will be the slightest difference is listen, listen, political science, you will be so much focused on quality aspect, general studies, you will focus on quality economy, social, cultural, all aspects, different dimension, there you will give utmost priority to its impact on quality, liberalization of economy and its impact on quality, okay, so liberalization, no, it has brought in the moderate committees to the core, their involvement in politics, coalition governments like that, I'll teach, I'll teach, don't worry, okay, so these overlapping topics, how to differentiate between GS paper and political science paper, what terms to be used, what not, I will explain in the specific topic when we are dealing with it, okay, that is how the classes will go, okay, next stage is yeah, then in ethics paper, last but third paragraph, not last but one, two, three, fourth one, last but fourth one, contribution of moral and moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world, contribution of moral and moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world, so most of these thinkers are also being, extra few thinkers only, already you will be studying 17 thinkers, so few more you study, like Emmanuel Kant, Hegel, Heidegger like that, Habermas, some few people are there, T. S. Green like that, I will cover those also in political science, okay, because their thought is useful to criticize the 17 thinkers, so that area you can very well skip, it is a very large area for other optional students, they are going to difficult, with this knowledge of political science, you are going to write best answers in political science and international relation, first time when they introduced ethics in 2013, okay, so we didn't know, newly introduced syllabus, there was no material, nothing, even the professors didn't know what to teach for ethics, okay, faculties, because that's new, we don't know what will be as, okay, so we just saw the meaning for these words and went, I scored 132 in ethics paper, I entirely tell that it is because I studied PSI and sociology of course, sociology are the additional six thinkers and the prelims geography, geographical thought, okay, so this Humboldt, okay, Emmanuel Ballestine, okay, so these the geographical thinkers also will come, so that helped, more the political science, PSI is one of the reasons, okay, so that helps a lot, okay, so ethics paper, it will give an edge and interview, PSI means, you know, they will be asking questions from international relations, 15 minutes will go in that itself, okay, lucky if you are, and if you are so much good in that, okay, your interview score will also be higher, the time, the interview in which I scored 194, at that time, around 10 minutes, they went around international relations, but that time my preference also was Indian Foreign Service, so they went on those lines on international relations analysis like that, code bill, okay, so the time when I scored less in, they screwed my draft, okay, the education, academic profile, okay, that's a different story, the point is being in PASR option and of course, if you are putting in PASR option, anybody, sorry, IFS is not anybody, wants to choose IFS, first preference or second one, first one, oh, good, okay, so your interviews will be completely that current FS with the theory, you can shine in interview, it's going to help you a lot, IFS and PSR is a very good combo, good, very good, okay, okay, so this is about the overlapping, how exactly to differentiate, I will tell you in class as well as I will give you some questions in this area, when you write answers, I will tell you how to write it for politics as paper, at the same time I will tell you how to manage it when it comes to GS also, okay, done, so next is the second one, it is relevant for your service also, see, whatever we learn, it should not be for the examination, primarily it's for marks, yes, of course, let me be realistic, let's be realistic, it's for marks, but apart from marks, it helps you to perform your service, so most of you have first preference as Indian Foreign Service, it is going to make you well equipped, well prepared for the task that you are going to take ahead, okay, that's good, very good, then it is complimented by newspaper reading, for other options, they can use their newspaper reading, only GS paper, you can use it in politics as paper also, today morning I was referring to Happy Man, Jacob is article today's article on Ukraine crisis, you can use when you talk about Eurocentrism or hegemony, concept of hegemony, the concept of Cold War, okay, or US domination in general, you can use these keywords today and you can use Happy Man, Jacob in the paper, you can use it, okay, so Swasmi Hyder or Brahmachalani, well-known person from here, you know, Shashitaro or TP Srinivasan sir, existing politicians don't touch Shashitaro's from Congress, but TP Srinivasan sir, his lectures you can quote from that, diversify, okay, don't reflect that you're from Kerala, okay, so diversify, touch around India, I'll tell you what resources, there are many online resources from where you can find names of these people and there is a book, an Oxford publication called as Politics in India where you have all the leading political scientists written a compilation on Indian politics, current Indian politics, I'll give you our names and their area of specialization, so you can use their appropriately, okay, that is what Subraha and then ma'am is doing, okay, those who are writing the answers not office, they really don't know entirely what Zoya Azan has said or Andhra Betel has said, okay, but they know what this area they've easily they'll put their names, I'll teach all these techniques, both in class as pleasant as discussions, okay, next it is stable, what do you mean by stable, it does not put your legs like some other options, I don't want to name the options, certain options do pull the legs, that is, you know, one year it will be boom, one year it will be, you know, would have listened from seniors, but political science have you heard so far that it has pulled the legs of anybody because the subject is comprehensive, since GS ethics in interview, so even if you lose, you lose with grace, okay, that is not so badly, okay, and political science will be a stable, okay, relatively stable, once again, relatively stable, okay, then yeah, these are the myths, okay, this is three defined answer, I've not completed this third point, first is vastness, second is 17 thinkers are there and no predefined answers, these are three myths, so first one, what is vastness, seeing the syllabus, 17 thinkers are there, a lot of theories, okay, and you know, compared to any of the syllabus, it appears to be lengthy, but this is the shortest, considering it is overlapping with GS, and thinkers, we say 17, only around eight thinkers quite elaborate, and I'll simplify them for you, you know, what happens is in other books and all when you read, you take Plato, he's a social philosopher, moral philosopher, ethical philosopher, as well as political philosopher, you need not be reading other aspects, philosophy part, psychology part, social part and all, you read only political part, quality what he said, Aristotle, polity what he said, Karl Marx is both social, revolutionist, philosopher, as well as political thinker, you read the political thinking part, okay, so whenever I say Karl Marx, Jishu, Jishu will be very concentrated on me, whether I'm criticizing Marx or not, okay, so exactly, political part alone, mill, a philosopher, that is why, you know, Hegel, Bentham and all is not in our syllabus, because they are mainly philosophers, Emmanuel Kant is a philosopher, they will be in philosophy options, not here, okay, so political part alone, if you just study the political part alone of these eight major thinkers, then it is easy, and Indian thinkers know, except for Kautilya and Dharmashastra, all other things are very, very small, easy to understand, just five, five points, you can get a overall picture about the thinker, and I'll, even for western thinkers, I'll give you five points and link those five points, give flowchart for remembrance, easily you will be doing it, okay, fine, so for example, yeah, we have notes, you know, I have prepared notes in which you will have Subraranjan notes, what is there, plus unique points, additional value addition is done, okay, so you can stick to my notes itself, and I'm updating the bilateral relation for you, after the class I'll be showing bilateral relation alone, an updated version, so that part alone you can study, or I'll try to make a book like this itself, okay, yeah, here I'll just show the flowcharts, one or two examples, so if you want to know about my notes, I think you can ask to Jishnu, Jishnu you can tell them, he has read the notes, okay, and I've rectified small small mistakes and errors which was there in this version, the first version now, and the second version is out, see, so the Gautilya's Mandala theory, you know, so yeah, this through a diagram I've given, okay, diagram I've given, that is there in online also, we'll come to plateau, see Gandhi, one flowchart, entire concept of Gandhi next night, if you remember this with photographic memory, whatever question is asked in Gandhi you can write, with perfect, you know, error marks to tell which leads to what, and people say this Arabinda is the most complex thing to understand, Arabinda of Indian thought, one flowchart where you will be able to understand it completely, I'll explain it in the class, okay, and this is in the book, it is in the notes itself, you can do it, the plateau, entire concept of plateau, one, two, three, four, five points with a flowchart, okay, I'll tell you with the flow, how one leads to other and the entire concept, so whatever questions they're asking with this flowchart you can able to answer, one memory, okay, so I can we keep on showing for all the thinkers, want of time I'm not doing it, every thinker there'll be a flowchart, and I'll start like this actually, historical background of the thinker to understand what political milieu they come from, so that you can understand what really they're speaking, okay, the main theme in five points, pictorial representation flowchart, five points or maximum six or seven points, okay, with that, you know, that seven points you memorize, complete idea you'll have, and that five points is the key words which you have to mention in the answer paper, for example, plateau, common good you have to mention, philosopher king you have to mention, Aristotle golden mean you have to mention, Karl Marx dialectical materialism, dictatorship of proletariat you have to mention, J.S. Meal, you know, you have to, qualitative pleasure, quantitative pleasure, you have to mention, okay, representative democracy you have to mention, okay, and now there are certain quotes, okay, famous quotes, and one more thing, every thinker is there in your syllabus because they contributed to one particular thought, which has resulted in present political system, what is their main contribution you'll see, they would have contributed many things, they would have talked about many things, for example, plateau talks about republicanism, it is not there in syllabus, plateau's philosopher king is what our syllabus part, likewise, Machiavelli has talked about republicanism as well as a dictator king, dictatorship alone is there, okay, so what is their major contribution that area, so you can always stick to the point when the question is asked, because they are not going to go out of the syllabus, so that I'll tell you, famous quotes we'll be talking about, so what is their contribution to Indian constitution, application part, in conclusions and all, you can write, you know, his particular thought on liberty of J.S. Meal is there in T.S. Green, Lasky is there in our thing, Gandhian thought of Panjayakiraj, Ambedkar's representative democracy, effective opposition is there, Ambedkar in Indian democracy, Indian constitution like that, you know, you can mention, then we'll be talking about how it is applied in current affairs, okay, the monarchy of Saudi Arabia, okay, or the religious system, okay, of Iran, okay, or you know, what is there in Thailand, constitutional monarchy, okay, Denmark, so all these things we will be studying, okay, practical application, so I will provoke you to think and create your own examples, I will encourage your own examples, but I will give you the lead, okay, by current affairs reference, okay, what is there in current affairs, with that I will refer, then major criticism of the thinker, who and all criticize, general and specific criticisms will be there, this is the part very important, when they ask the question, comment, in paper one they'll be asked, going to ask comment on Aristotle's theory of slavery, like that they're asked, first you have to tell what other thinkers have said, major criticism and then you have to give your point, if you merely write them, not useful, at the same time you will write like GS, just your point, they will think that you have not reported to science, so when you read every thinker, you have to read who are the people who have criticized them, what is the main crux of their criticism, that also you must be knowing, then we'll be talking about previous question, I will give a model question and discuss, okay, maybe we'll have a practical exercise in class itself and make you write and then we will discuss how to structure it, I'll teach you, then Saturday, Sunday, whatever we are teaching, Friday there will be this, if you are morning batch, you will be writing in afternoon, afternoon batch you have to write the test in the morning, when I come here Saturday morning there'll be session, afternoon there'll be paper correction, we completed by Saturday itself, we will schedule, if many people are joining, Saturdays and the board day corrections will be there, so we can accumulate all and correct your papers then and there, so that you are prepared for the next test, next Friday, okay, so there'll be weekly test and offline correction, okay, then these things and all will be explained, how to handle comment question, evaluate question, enumerate question, illustration question, analysis, okay, evaluate, critically evaluate, critically examine, okay, all these points, general studies, they will, in political science in depth I'll give you the analysis, so that will be helpful not only for political science option, you will be able to handle it for GS-McRod, okay, fine, yes, you can use it, you can use it, that is the uniqueness you are going to show from Subraranjan madam students, they don't, they won't go give the flow charts, okay, that is how you are going to give unique and the criticisms I have given criticisms, what she has given as well as I've gone through her notes also and I'm doing it, okay, so your will be, your answers will be fresh as well as comprehensive, see in competition in the name of being individual, in the name of being competitive, you should not write what others are not writing, you should write what others are writing as well as extra, that is my idea, okay, so I wish with the notes when I give, don't share it in the market, until you clear, after that you do, okay, it's better you don't do after that also, because my livelihood is that, anyway, at least for your self-interest sake like Mark really says, okay, until you clear, don't share the notes outside, okay, then as all the numbers are hitting, I know I took Subranjan notes from the market, I didn't pay only, I only went and tanked there after getting the results like that, anyway, that's the difference, I'm not bothering about that, my point is here you will have all the points that Subranjan is having, there are some points which is irrelevant in their notes, I've called them out, okay, which is not appropriate, which is least priority and I've given more substantial, keep that in mind, okay, then you can entirely relate my notes, don't worry, okay, then yeah, we have to come here, okay, no predefined answers is there, no, there is, I told you, 60% in political science, questions are repeating only with a different phrase question, 40% only you have to manage, so please understand, please understand, you can have predefined integrations and conclusions based on the phrase of the question, wording of the question, you can change the body, okay, political science is that easy, okay, the traditional part and all, only the international dynamics, no, based on current episodes, you have to answer that, when you practice more and more questions, you will get trained how to handle them, there also there is a structure which I'll teach you, there are various types of structure that you can apply, in that order you can give the answer wherein your answers will be unique compared to others, okay, next yeah, yeah, this I discussed the content, how it will be, parts of the syllabus also I've explained, okay, then overlapping topics I've explained, sort book, okay, I believe in transparency, from where I've taken these notes, okay, this is the list of books, if you want you can copy, I suggest buy them, read them after you get the service, are you listening, read them after getting service, now if you read, you will take two, three years, okay, and then and and there will be opening for you in Shankarai's academy for teaching career, if you want that, read all these things, if you want service, read only the material, that has been issued, and for your information, Subrahan's and Ma'am also take notes from here only, points are here, and if at all you are curious sir, I'm going, some people will be there sir, I'm in college only, I want to study these books, take the book and come to me, I'll mark and give you the selected topics, but syllabus is matching, read at first then you go for other thing, only for those who are in college, but if you're going to give in 2023 your brilliance, please stick with the notes, okay, have you copied this, shall I go for the next slide, we'll put gender for history, I will just start at these that is followed now, yeah of course, that's just I want to tell you this is the source books of the material, that flow charts map and you know, drafting of interaction conclusion is mine, that's my mind, application of my mind, otherwise the source are this, the concising, culling out unwanted information, shaping it according to the syllabus is my work, so this I explain to you, just copy now, class approach, so review through lecture, entire lecture will be given, then previous question we will see, okay, and then I'll ask you to read and read it, certain keywords you have to self recite, like each thinker five points and you know, self recite means keep telling and test will be there, test feedback will be there, so this I call PQRST method, okay, this is the best way of learning PQRST, pre is preview, you should have a preview, overall idea you'll get, that will happen after lecture, ask questions, see previous year question before reading, check the previous question, then you go for read, then you will cull out unwanted investment and you will take only what is required, concentrate on those areas, which is must, then it is always good know, after reading, close your eyes and recite, okay, we're talking about point one, communism of pipes and property, he's talking about education, in that three types of education he's talking about, in each stage this is the type of education, in primary stage, in secondary stage, in higher stage and then this is the age one has to retire, then these two has defined in order to ensure that the philosopher king is created, why the philosopher king is created, because he has to create a common good, a good society, five points, flow chart, I just close my eyes, thought about the flow chart, I'm explaining to you, okay, self recite and then take the test that is conducted, test feedback, that chapter is over, got it, okay, then some online sources is, you know, Observer Research Foundation, you can make note, ORF, Observer Research Foundation, Indian Council for World of Feds, Indian Council for World of Feds, okay, Indian Defence Studies and Analysis, Indian Defence Studies and Analysis IDSA website and then you have, I'm noting down, yeah, then you also, I know this all-in-the-radio, you know, news analysis will be there every day, one day on economy, one day on society, one day on disaster management, one day on international relations, good, okay, nine o'clock in the night, all-in-the-radio FM gold and Rajasabha TV, they suggest, but I would suggest if you read newspapers, these things are not required, TV aspect. I suggest you to do this, other people, Hindu alone is fine, but for us, you need to read Hindu as well as Indian Express, editorials of international relations and quality, not as related to quality, two different opinions, so you get a neutral idea, okay, I'm not asking to read entire Indian Express, take Indian Express, see their topics, if the topic is related about quality or international relations, read, okay, because Radha Mohan and all, you know, he writes in Indian Express only, got it, whose, their names also you can, many of the good people from Hindu on international relations have jumped to Indian Express, so there you have to do it, okay, fine, any doubts, this one, there's one, one point, bilateral relations, first doubts, any doubts till now, any doubts, clear, okay, how to study bilateral relations, how we are going to approach bilateral relations, this is how we are going to do, okay, this is the approach, you can take note in class now, listen, first timeline, okay, you must know the history, not for writing the examination, but to give a correct perspective, okay, so history is an undeniable part, okay, you cannot directly jump, in general studies, bilateral relations directly, the issues will be talked, we have to go for a historical background, that for time saving, we will go for a timeline like this, one example is for India-China, starting how ancient Silk Route and the recognition of impulse republic of China, till reason Galvan Valley, 2020 what is the issue, I'll update this slide, okay, when we come to class 2023-2021 Water Road, recent visit between, you know, our foreign minister and foreign minister of China and the recent engagements and disengagement, conflicts in the international arena, SEO, today's news, Iran and Belarus has joined, what is the implication of SEO in India-China relations, those things, all updated thing we will be discussing with the timeline, okay, then next is the historical background and points of convergence, which means where India and China is hand in hand, agreeing bilaterally, regional level like SEO organization, okay, and in the global level, like climate change, divergence, vary divergence, border issue, trade imbalance, okay, at the bilateral level, regional level, China's support to Pakistan, okay, China's string of PL's theory and China, you know, South China issue in the regional level, where it is trying to dominate the South China Sea, that is where we are into quad, okay, so now internationally, what is the conflict? Internationally, quad is a conflict, China always, you know, opposing our permanency to United Nations, whatever resolutions we are initiating, they are denying, they are not allowing us to take membership in NSG, important organizations, okay, they are countering India in whatever possible ways they can in order to reduce our power, okay, and our influence in the world, okay, so these are the, I will elaborate in detail, don't worry, so here GS class will be GS oriented, here I will explain the bilateral relation, like the policy with Bhutan is idealistic foreign policy, the policy with China is a kind of mix of both realistic and idealistic, the policy that we carry out with European Union is economic diplomacy, okay, we have a term for each, what kind of thing we have, okay, so that I will be doing in the class, okay, then we will be talking about potential areas of cooperation for in developing the growth, for example, between India and China, pharmaceuticals, Indian pharmaceutical products if they allow, trade balance can be balanced, that is a potential area, IT information technology we are good in, and leverages means the difference between cooperation leverages, political leverage, Thalai Lama is a leverage for us, okay, every time China creates a problem, we will be supporting the Tibetan cause, okay, like that what is the leverage that we have to counter China, in fact China has more leverages over us, geographically, politically, internationally, economically and all, so leverages means we can use a particular tournament for our advantage, that is called as leverages, with each country we have a leverage, so we will be studying that also, which we can be included in the conclusions, if you like now these can be used to tackle China and influence them in order to take decisions according to our interest, like that we can write, okay, then finally suggestions, any suggestions to improve, apart from this potential areas and leverages, how we should carry out the future, like that if any suggestion is there, that also we will be saying, okay, yeah, you have to see which one is underlining, whether our cooperation or a small conflict, overall we are agreeing with the principle of common but differentiated responsibility, within that the voluntary and legally binding those things we are differing, so that is what you are going to explain in the paragraph, you will start that point of convergence is climate change, the examiners curious he reads that underlined these two words, voluntary reductions and legally binding emissions, they look into and find that, under overall agreement, still there is a point of divergence, that is in terms of degree only, we can talk in political things, as you said, this is for structuring the answer, making it easier for the examiner to evaluate, for that matter, they may be asking question only the divergence point, point of irritance or point of convergence or possible points of cooperation, like that, but when we prepare notes, take class and you study in that manner, you can handle any type of question, so this is mainly for how we go for an approach to study bilateral relations, answer writing, will we practice by giving specific questions, any doubts? Yeah, see, political science, it includes theory of what is equality, what is liberty, as defined in the various schools, but quality will have equality, liberty and the meaning will be given by the respective country, so Indian quality we are mentioning, which means what is equality according to India, what is secularism according to India, that you only will study, but in political science elaborately, you will be seeing multiple dimensions, multiple forms, multiple thinkers who have talked about that concept and how it evolved, a wide elaborate thing, so we can say that it is the theory behind the concepts, but with respect to quality, federalism in India is different from federalism followed in different countries, it is not same everywhere, so policies are specific to countries, whereas political science is talking about everything, the theory behind it, evolution and comparative politics will talk about how things are unfolding practically in each one of the countries and what are the structural reasons and social reasons for that, structural means the law, the policies and other things, social reason means class system or inequality, regimes, structural inequalities, those things will be studied in political science. As I told you, the first five questions, comment part, it is asking you to comment, feminist critic of state, so I will tell in short what is feminism, feminism talks about that males are dominating the women, they are not giving equal position, there is an equal point, how to restore them, that is feminist thought. What is the feminist criticism of status? Status masculine, which means most of the leaders are male only and they decide policies according to their psychology as well as needs, they do not consider women in the decision making process, like recently Boris Johnson told, if Vladimir Putin has been a woman, you would not have aggrandized, okay, it is a feminist thought on state. Now, you have to comment on that, okay, you have to comment on that, so first you have to write what is the criticism of feminist thinkers on state, they say it is patriarchal, state is not including women, state policies, whatever points I said, first give it, okay, so you have to include the thinkers name, oh, there are three different types of feminist thinkers, one is, you know, liberal thinkers, liberal feminists, radical feminists, social feminists, okay, Shula Smith Firestone is one thinker who is a radical feminist, okay, liberal bulls won't crack, okay, and Taylor, Harriet Taylor, a friend of Jay's Mill, she is one of the first feminists, they are talking about liberal feminism, so liberal feminists, you know, they say we want equal voting rights, you are not giving equal voting rights, you are not giving access to political positions, whereas radical feminists are saying, you know, the state should interfere in the personal lives of individuals, because personal is political, state is saying that personal sphere is different, family is different, public life is different, so governments should regulate only public life, this is the traditional thinking, they should not interfere in personal life, what is happening between husband and wife, what is happening between father and son, the state should not intervene, what is happening between a teacher and student should not be their purpose or subject matter of state, that is the traditional thinking, whereas radical feminists will come and say, no, this is not right, you have to consider domestic violence, the voting system, you have to consider the unequal position of women in a home, in property there is no equality, economic independence is not there, because of that only women is not equal in the political sphere, so to address that, you have to address the personal sphere, liberal thinkers will not say that, liberal things will not come to personal sphere, so radical feminists will criticize state, so that point you have to mention, socialist, they will say that why women domination is there, because property is there, why property is there or how property is related to women domination, I will tell you in short, Frederick Engels in his how property is evolved, Frederick Engels is friend of Marx, on property when he is writing, earlier there was no property, how come land is a property, have you ever thought how land becomes a property, now if you want to be owner of land, how will you own it, paying paisa, how you earn paisa, applying labor, right, so when you only when you apply labor something can be your property, how come land be a property, land is a creation of nature, suddenly one person going and sitting and marking a territory telling this this is my land, and later on you know when he is transferring then he will get money and transfer it, that is how this land property system, zamindari system, whether zamindars originally owned the land, really said that this area you collect tax, later on they become the land owners, okay this is how historically Karl Marx beautifully put the greatest ever blunder that man has done is to make land as a property, how I teach, apply my labor and earn money, that is my labor, of course it's my property, I buy something fine, but land firstly not now, in the first stage how it became a property, that is a big thing, yeah fine, now what happens is women will stay at home, right, men will go for hunting and gather the fruits, hunting animals and all, food will be gathered, after eating surplus will be there, now the surplus thing and land, if this man dies, who will be owning it, logically who, son or daughter, how will you identify a particular person or particular child is the son and daughter of this particular person, how by controlling the sex of women, while allowing men to have multiple relationships or go for other things and domination, while women are women and their sex is controlled, this is what social feminists will say, okay, so they will say abolish private property, so there is a no question to whom property has to be transferred, then what is the need for domination of women, what is the domination for controlling the sex of women, simple, you are understanding the bio, I am telling it in a very broad sense, okay, if you think by controlling men sex, you cannot determine whose daughter and son is, but by controlling women sex, you can determine the lineage, that is why even the Nair society of Kerala is naturally lenient, property is transferred naturally, but still it is patriarchal, okay, because control is with the uncles, right, you guys know about it, okay, even the maternal societies of Kerala and Meghalaya are also patriarchal, okay, that is because this is, this perspective is given by social perspective, once again come on, the points I am telling from this stage is not my point, it is the points of that particular perspective, that is why I am telling you this perspective, so you have to write these three perspectives in short through two lines and then you have to give your opinion, you have to comment on it, you can say that liberal feminists know their critic is acceptable, but the critics of radicals also can be acceptable, but what is suggested by social feminists is not practicable, that is your comment, okay, in the words of liberal singles like Robert Nozick, Milton Friedman, okay, communitarians like Michael Walser and then your opinion, got it, so that is how we have to give the, this one, so affirmative action, once again you have to define affirmative action, is any action to uplift the lower section of the society, okay, and make it on par with the average people in the society, reducing inequality, it can be in any form, okay, so affirmative action is for, you know, practice in various forms in various countries, in India, reservation is there, okay, so affirmative action is to do away with the historical injustice and to empower the marginalized, okay, and affirmative action, women all spoken about it, T. H. Green has spoken about affirmative action, Ambedkar has spoken about affirmative action, okay, how it, you know, is necessary to keep the society bound and then you have to give comments, positive comments, negative comments, some people have criticized liberal thinkers like Robert Nozick has said that affirmative action reinforces inequality, reservation is the affirmative action, okay, some critics say, you know, reservation reinforces caste, like that liberal thinkers will say, okay, feminists and Dalits, okay, will say that affirmative action is concentrated on other sections of the society, not the, we say that with very marginalized sections, those who are in the outer circle of the society, they are not concentrated, like the nomadic tribes and other things and all that, then the supporters are affirmative action and your opinion finally in the conclusion, with current examples like how it has helped in USA, India, Malaysia and various countries, you have to mention, okay, since it's a class, I'm taking an, you know, open space to discuss in elaborately, you have to be concise, okay, three is the magic number, okay, so three points, two to two lines of what is feminist critic, maximum three thinkers are just one criticism for each thinker and your conclusion to finish, so here you have scope of giving three different perspectives automatically for each one, only one perspective is there, in that one perspective give two thinkers name and give your comment, sometimes you may not have thinker's name, don't worry, some of the topists say thinker's name must be there, don't worry, it is not like that, you have to address the demand of the question, every answer need not have the thinker's name, but theory part thinkers, criticism of thinkers, questions like this and all should have thinker's name, the first time when I scored 335 out of 600 in political sign, same question they asked, I did not write any thinker's name, I didn't even mention the names as I mentioned now, but personal, political is personal, I have referred to those names, okay, because it's absolute theory, because affirmative action is a practical methodology governments is applying for upliftment, so their thinkers may give, may not give, not an issue, but first question you have to give, in political science you have the freedom to answer, so that is why first you give this side opinion, that side opinion, you didn't take your side, that will tell that you have read political science well and you are able to have an opinion, the subject demands opinion, but informed opinion, the key word informed, what is that informed opinion, you have read all the thinker's perspective, all the ideologies perspective on that particular dimension and then you have decided upon the final thing, see this first day there are questions I will show you and there will be universal consumption of human rights, okay, I have to explain human rights, I have to explain the concept of psychic unity, then universalization of morality and relative morality, cultural relativism of morality and then only I can explain this question, so as of now I think questions, if you want I will discuss, not a problem, all the questions I will discuss, simple, agreed simple, once you read the entire syllabus, complete the test series, political science is going to be kick off, because it will interlink, you know, so you apply your mind, you can rotate the answers, okay, terms will be difficult initially, after explanation the class, okay, with the very relevant example, you will be able to understand and replicate that in the exam, first instance, political science paper, socially will appear complex, once you understand it's most easiest thing, because it offers dynamism, this one is a direct question, Rawls theory of justice, only thing is you should know the historical background in which he spoke about justice and then if you write that connect, answer is over, rephrasing of question, do justice the question, otherwise just writing what is Rawls theory of justice is irrelevant answer, but before Rawls the theory of justice was elitist and plural, sorry, it was elitist and it was more support for capitalist, whereas John Rawls tried to include liberal thought, socialist thought and commentary in thought, that is the improvisation he made, very interesting, let's travel together, you know, it will be a very fantastic journey, your perspectives will become wider, the way you look at things will become different, you will be both critical as well as appreciative of anything which you see, okay, that is what political science, political science like Plato say, will kindle your inherent abilities, which usually social, that is humanities do and even science do in their respective way, but in human perspective, perspectives and narratives, ideologies in these areas, they provoke you and make you think in different perspective, classes we are planning for four hours nine to one, okay, so with a short break in between and Saturdays and Sundays, okay, so we will be having around eight classes in a month, so we will be trying to complete four to five months, okay, if need be extra classes will be there in the afternoons provided it is not clashing with any of your tests, three fours are 120, 120 to 140 hours classes, okay, because political science, sometimes you know, like you have a certain concept, you will be very critical, the planned time will expand, he knows, he still knows what will happen in Bangalore, okay, that sometimes even after one o'clock we'll be having a discussion extra 15 minutes after that, just to satisfy your intellectual curiosity, and I'll tell you also which is will come in exam, which will not, what to write, what to avoid, so that both your intellectual curiosity is satisfied and what is the need of the examination is also satisfied, then I give notes, do you want dictation, maybe I you may you will be using PPT wherever you want, I have this flow chart and all, I'll show you, redo the same, you do the exercise, things gets inculcated, and then you can directly read it, and some key points, keywords, you know, I'll say write it in note, write this point, I'll give time for you that you can write, okay, sometimes I may give a current of as example or current of a sport, something else even recently, okay, so at that time you know I will give you time and I ask you to note you can do the value addition, you want to dictate that will take a lot of time, it'll take a lot of time, and also when we have a printed thing, I think it is not required, right, PPT's know like you can compare the points, and then it is a note making of what is there that you can do, right, I am easy with without PPT's because most of the time I have told, you put the PPT, people will be busy copying it, they are not listening to me, then they'll say sir what is that, where is the connector, so let me see, I just want to experiment with you, one or two classes I'll try one with PPT, one without it, and see how we are responding, okay, based on that I'll take this, okay, we'll wind up, yeah, okay, so with regarding to start date of the class, they've said August 18th, sorry, August 14th, what day is August 14th, yes, then we'll start with 12th is your 13th, 13th we can start, 13th or 14th, okay, I'll confirm the date, okay, that is because the second batch is also coming, you are in August batch or June batch, June, okay, meanwhile I'll write my mail ID, okay, what you can do is complete the four NCRTs, this one month, political science, 11th standard, 12th standard NCRT, all the NCRTs you know it is better, it gives you a strong foundation, maybe Friday that is before August we can have a test on political science NCRT questions, so 11th standard, 12th standard NCRT, 11th standard NCRT, constitution at work, read that, okay, do this and come, you know, political theory, I should be teaching something else, so now do this constitution at work, read and come, politics in India since independence read it, then 9th and 10th, democratic politics of India, one, democratic politics, two, okay, then six to eight, since political science often know, let us not leave any stone unturned, so 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, you can read those NCRTs, political theory and contemporary world politics after the class is beginning, okay, because conceptual ideas, okay, you should not get frustrated with the subject, so this one will be better, okay, you want to reiterate the book names, you want me to, yeah, NCRTs, but 11th, introduction to political theory, hold it for now, contemporary world politics, hold it for now, other NCRTs you read, once again I will tell you, introduction to political theory and contemporary world politics, hold it for now, again we are going to do it after the class begins, before that all other NCRTs read it in reverse manner, which means 12th, 11th, 10th, 9th, 8th, 7th, 6th, why I am saying is, you can be very productive, you can complete it in a shorter time, because you learn the higher concept then go for smaller concept, you just find unit and fastly you can complete, instead of, or otherwise 6th book you will take 3 days, 7th, another 4 days, 8th, another 4 days, 9th like that, but if you go from the reverse, first book 11th and 12th you may take 8 days, 8 days and another 4 days, 10th to 6th finish, so in 20 days time period you can complete this, we will have another 10 days for buffer, so to ensure whether you are studying or not, before the first class itself we will have test, it will be very simple nature, no complex question like this, very descriptive like that only, just to check whether you have read the NCRTs or not, this is just because we are starting the option quite delayed, but do not worry within 4 months, that is when we start August, half, September, October, November, December, December will be completed, so today night after going home, once again see the entire syllabus, as I told in the morning syllabus is the key to orient yourself, so I am say go through, internalize the syllabus, that is very important for the any options, otherwise you will be studying something which is not required, okay, for example citizenship will be interesting in all books, okay, but citizenship is not there in our chart, sovereignty is not there in political syllabus, okay, unnecessarily you will be reading it in other books, especially state text books, do not do that.