 In 1192 A.D., Mohammed Ghori of Afghanistan defeated Raja Prithviraj Shahan. Instead of just carrying away the booty like other invaders did, he entrusted his general Kutubuddin Ebak to hold on to the domain of Delhi. This initiated a new architectural perspective in the city. My first story of alternating bands of semicircular and angular flutings was constructed by Kutubuddin Ebak in 1199. His successor, Shamsuddin Iltatmish, built the next three stories. In this courtyard stands the famous Iron Pillar, dated to the 4th century. Made of almost pure malleable iron, then the pillar indicates the advanced metallurgical skill of ancient Indians. My lofty sloping stone walls, built of quartzite and lime mortar, and buttressed with bastions, rise to over 10 meters. I was built by the great warrior king Ghiasuddin Tughlak to protect his subjects from the Mongols who were a constant threat to Delhi's people. The Sultan also built his mausoleum near the fortress. After the Sultan's death, the people who dwelt within my walls left. The palaces crumbled and the markets fell silent. According to legend, Indra Prastha, the magnificent abode of Indra, the god of the heavens, stood at the banks of the Yamuna near the Purana Killa. Within my walls, the Kilaikuhna Mosque and the Shermandal were built by Sher Shah Suri. With the support of the Shah Persia, Emperor Humayun regained control of Delhi in 1555, settled in my precincts and completed my construction. On the evening of Friday, 24 January 1556, the Emperor had a fatal fall. But his shock nobles kept his death a secret till Yangakpur returned from Punjab. In 1565, nine years after his death, his widow comments the construction of a magnificent mausoleum for the departed king where he could rest in eternal peace. The simple, elegant lines of my structure convey complete symmetry and proportion of the mausoleum proper as well as with the square garden before it. I was designed by the renowned Persian architect Mirat Mirzaghias and stand at the threshold of a distinct expression of Mughal architecture in India. Thank you for watching.