 But I wanted to ask you to begin, since you were here last year, you were at IFRI's World Policy Conference last year, take us through the past year in terms of cooperation and competition in the space area by the international community, in which direction are we moving? And can you also then go back a decade and tell us what have been the major changes in space? In fact, since last year, we had a number of changes because of what is made in the US. Because in space, you have six large space powers, the US, China, Europe, Japan, Russia and India. But the US are definitely the biggest space power. And last year, a new administrator has been appointed at NASA, Jim Ronenstein. And the Trump administration tried to change a number of points in the US space policy. And I would like to insist on two points, which are, in my opinion, quite important. The first one, a new interest to go to the moon. But to go to the moon, not to come back to the moon, because you probably saw the many movies existing on the moon with the moon landing 50 years ago. The last one is The First Man. It's a very good movie. But the idea is to come back to the moon, but with private initiative. And this is why NASA is now contemplating what is so-called deep space gateway with private companies, which could be interested in coming back to the moon. So this is the first point, moon. And the second point, you know that in the US today, there are six forces in the army, which are the US Air Force, the US Navy, US Army, the Coast Guards and the Marines, and five today. And so President Trump wants to add a sixth one. It's a view because, in fact, the US are very active in the field of defense systems, which are developed for space. We have a budget for NASA, which is $20 million, a budget for the DOD, which is roughly the same, $20 million. But there is obviously a political will of President Trump to create a sixth force. And we will see if he does it. And these are these two very, let us say, important factors which are today shaping the new landscape of space policy worldwide. And do they affect the ability to cooperate by the international community? For the moon, it is clear that we will have probably the follow-up of the International Space Station. But on the International Space Station today, we have the US, Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada. And two space wars are not in the station, India and China. And the big question mark is, are we going to see China and India being a part of the back to the moon? It's an open question. There are pros, there are cons. It is clear that it's a project which will be very, very expensive. China this year will be probably the space power with the biggest number of launches, more than 30 this year. And so there is a question mark, but in the same time, you know, better than me, the relationship between the US and China, which is not so easy. But this is an open question for international operation. And it is clear that if we have now a six-force for a defense, it will open also a number of new issues. And probably it will reinforce the will of other space powers to have also a military space program. Tell us a little bit about Russia's space program these days. How important is it? Russian space program is quite important. They have fantastic heritage. But as a matter of fact, they are suffering technical difficulties. You probably saw what happened two weeks ago when Russian cosmonaut and US astronaut tried to go to the space station. And after 90 seconds in the flight, they were obliged to eject, to jettison the Soyuz capsule and to come back with a parachute because there was a malfunction in the Soyuz launch vehicle. And there are a number of quality issues in Russia. Could you talk now a little bit about this incredible amount of data that is assembled by the space satellite system? Who owns this data? What happens to it? And how important is it to the world economy today? In fact, the question of data is absolutely crucial because we have more and more satellites sending more and more data. And so they transmit data for telecommunications, but this point is not really an issue. What is an issue is what to do with the data related to Earth observation and in particular data related to observing climate change. And there are two options which are on the table. There are some countries which say that this data must be proprietary and stay in the country which owns the satellite and some other countries, and this is the case of France and Europe, which have an open data policy. And I think, personally, I think that it is the right option because with all these satellites, we have today two points which are at stake. The first one to have a kind of standardization of data because when you observe the Earth, if you don't observe exactly the same data, you will have a dispute between China and the U.S. when the U.S. will say to China, you pollute a lot, we have a lot of greenhouse effect disease and China will not accept it. And so we need to standardize the data and this is what we are doing now. And after this, this data must be in open policy and in my opinion it's quite important because it has a very strong political effect and it creates also a number of startups which will use this data which will develop new models and I am sure that the future of space is probably relying on open data policy. And when you say that we're moving to standardized data right now, explain to us what that means, what is standardizing? For instance, if you observe the concentrations in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, there are many possibilities to observe these concentrations from space. You could measure the age of a kind of virtual colon with carbon dioxide. You can describe the clouds and so on, but if you don't observe exactly the same data, you will have a lot of debates between scientists. And this is why we are now preparing and I hope we will be able to sign this chart during the next one-planet summit organized by President Macron. The first one happened in December 2017 in Paris. The second one last September in New York City and the next one is planned for an Nairobi next March and I hope that Nairobi will be able to sign a charter defining exactly which data should be observed in order to have this open data policy. And can you explain a little bit more about this forum where this will be discussed? Is it, does it have any private sector companies that are members or have a way to put input into? Yes, of course we have a system with satellites which are owned by the government. But after that the use of data is made by private companies. And these private companies use this data which are free and with this data they will create value because in fact we have to consider this data as a kind of infrastructure which is provided by the government. Since we are sitting here on the shoulder of Africa, tell us a little bit about Africa's role in space. Africa now is opening the space chapter because until ten years ago there was a very small number of space powers for a simple reason. Owning a satellite was immediately several hundred million of dollars. And now because of the digitalization, because of the miniaturization, the cost of the satellites is decreasing very, very strongly and you have more and more countries which have a space program. Ten years ago we had six big space agencies, today we have 60, ten times more. And so in Africa, Africa was out of space until a few years ago and now you have a space program in Algeria, in Kenya, in Egypt and probably the most important, this is here in Morocco because Morocco decided to buy two very smart Earth observation satellites to help to manage the development of Morocco. We launched the first one last year from French Vienna and the first one is so-called the Mohammed 6A and the next one, the Mohammed 6B, will be launched on 20th November from French Vienna as well. But there are very, very smart satellites which are manufactured in France and this is what we used to call the African chapter because now Africa is using more and more data for its development. The United States in announcing the space command emphasized Vice President Pence certainly emphasized his desire to maintain the superiority and military, the military realm in space that the United States has today, he says, on Earth. Is that a realistic objective? Is it an objective that we should wish happens? I think that it is a realistic objective. I am not sure that it will be at the end what is described today but we had this situation 30 years ago when President Grigan decided to develop a Star Wars and there were a number of projects which finally didn't exist but the consequence has been that the federal budget injected a lot of money in the U.S. space industry and strengthened considerably the U.S. space industry and I think that nobody knows what will be at the end of the day the consequence of the decision of President Trump but everybody knows that it will reinforce considerably the U.S. space industry. For my last question before I throw you to the audience and appeal to their mercy, talk a little bit about commercial travel in space, how Elon Musk is doing, how Jeff Bezos is doing, what are the patterns developing in commercial space travel? To be very honest, I have a lot of doubts for the next 10 or 20 years about space travel because we cannot be all of us here, we cannot be astronauts. When you go into space after eight minutes of very strong gravity, you are in zero gravity and most of people are immediately sick and it's very, very difficult and there are some projects for instance from Elon Musk with the big Falcon rocket when they say that they could go from Paris to New York in 30 minutes. Okay, it can be done but it will not be at all as in the jetliner because it will be 30 minutes in zero gravity so it means that after a few minutes most of the people will be sick and so I think that it will not happen in the coming years. After that, perhaps after 20 or 30 years we will find the specific devices to create artificial gravity or something like that but in a nutshell in my opinion it is not for tomorrow. And Europe should, Europe aspire to a role in commercial travel in space? We have a number of projects in Europe but frankly speaking there are a lot of projects in the US, in other countries but today these are only futuristic projects and I do not see space travel for the next 10 or 20 years. And what about travel on earth that we talked about last year or some in our panel on the interconnected nature of the internet and there was discussion of the ability of people in Sao Paulo to telephone for a not necessarily a spacecraft but a high altitude vehicle. How is that developing? In fact, we have also a number of projects which exist but during the last year we had the kind of strengthening of some projects. We spoke last year about Galileo. Galileo last year had 50 million users now we are at more than 500 million and for a very simple reason is that the ships which are on the smartphone are now equipped with Galileo worldwide and so it means that every time someone buys a smartphone is a new user of Galileo because Galileo is 10 times more accurate than the GPS and your smartphone choose by itself the best accuracy and so one or two years ago everyone was connected to the GPS and in three years from now everyone will be connected to Galileo and it will be the reality of what I said last year because when we started to speak about Galileo a lot of people told me that Galileo is the European GPS and I answered that in three years we will say that GPS is the US Galileo and I am sure that it will be the case. Very good.