 Hello everybody and welcome to the class. Well, we have been doing a lot of things in our previous lesson. We did moraimasu and agimasu and today we will do how to say, how to give things to people who are senior to you, how to receive things from people who are older to you in age, are higher to you in rank, are senior to you. So, we will do a lot of new things today, but before that as I always do, we will go over the assignments and see and you could check whether they are right or not. So, well let us see what we have over here. Match group A with group B. In group A, we have the kanji characters. Group B is the readings in Roman, so well let us see what it is. Okitei, jikan, daigaku, kaisha, ageru, juuji, shichinen, nanji, toshiue and haa, so well haa can also be okasan, so you have your kanji is done. Now, we will see what is next. Choose the most appropriate word from the bracket. Yuubengyoku wa doko ni arimasu ka? So you have wa and ni as a pattern. Then ikutsu-ringo wo kaimashita ka? Ikutsu is how many? Gakko ni kodomo ga nan nin gurai imasu ka? Because of kodomo, counter-nin is used, ikura is how much, nankou is for things and dore is which one. Nande tegami wo kakimasu ka? By what? With the help of what? Isu no ue ni nani ga arimasu ka? What is there on the chair? Donna mono ga takai desu ka? Which mono ga takai desu ka? Donna is what type of or which one? Dare ni nihongo o naraimashita ka? And hea ni dare ka imasu ka is someone over there? Well, we have fill in the blanks with proper interrogative words for you. Some more question words we need to fill over here. Let us see, anata wa dare ni tegami wo kakimasu ka? Whom are you writing to? Okawa san ni nani o moraimashita ka? What did you get from, again you have ni, so ni over here is from your mother. Anata wa dou shite norikaemashita ka? Why did you change? Rao san wa itsu kaerimasu ka? When is he going to return? Mariko san wa donna hito desu ka? What kind of a person? What type of a person? Then, donno jisho wa ii desu ka? Donno is which one of the two or three dictionaries? Departou de ikura haraimashita ka? How much did you pay at the department? Seiru wa itsu kara desu ka? Seiru is sale, seiru wa itsu, when? So well, this was question words for you. Question, plain form of verbs we have been doing, so we will fill in the blanks with plain form. Okawa san wa mainichi gohan wo tsukuru, tsukurimasu. Sensei wa nihongo de uta wo utatta, utai mashita. Wotachi wa kouen de asobu, asobimasu. Watashi wa kino ichinichi juu, neta, nemashita. Sensei ni tegami wo moratta, morai mashita. Sensei ni from sensei. Okawa san ni tokei wo ageta, agemashita. Now sometimes you will notice that in Japanese, in conversation we do not put or use the subject. For example over here, watashi wa okawa san ni tokei wo ageta or agemashita. The watashi wa is omitted, it is not written, it is understood. So, please keep that in mind. Okawa san ni tokei wo ageta, watashi wa departo de kaimono wo suru, shimasu. Sensei ni atta, ai mashita. The next one is translate the following sentences to English. So, well the English sentences are given over here, sentences in English are written, you have to translate it into Japanese and I am sure you will be able to do it. So, you can go over this and do it at home. So now, as you have seen your assignments, hajimemashouka minasan. Ok, so let us start, let us see what we have over here. We did moraimasu and agemasu last time. So again, we have, I received a book, hon wo itadaki mashita. So, this is what we are going to do over here. First and foremost, we have this dialogue for you. Just listen to the dialogue very carefully and let us see how much you understand. Takai toke desu ne, oto san ni moraimashita ka? Iie, oni san no tomodachi ni itadakimashita. Tanjoubi no prezent desu ka? Iie, senshu amerika kara oni san no tomodachi ga kimashita. Sono kata kara no omiage desu. Iie ne, ja anata wa oni san no tomodachi ni, nani wo sashi agemasu ka? Sou desu ne, nani wo agemasu ka ne? Nihon no ningyou wa dou desu ka? Iie ne, arigatou. So well, how much did you understand over here? I will read it out once and explain. Taro-kun, takai toke desu ne, oto san ni moraimashita ka? Iie, oni san no tomodachi ni itadakimashita. Tanjoubi no prezent desu ka? Iie, senshu amerika kara oni san no tomodachi ga kimashita. Sono kata kara no omiage desu. Iie ne, ja anata wa oni san no tomodachi ni, nani wo sashi agemasu ka? Sou desu ne, nani wo agemasu ka ne? Nihon no ningyou wa dou desu ka? Iie ne, arigatou. So well, there are two new words over here. Itadakimashita and sashiage masu. And of course, you have another new word which is kata. Let us see what it all means. So, Taro-kun, kun is for son, kun is for boy, as chan is for girls. Mariko-chan and Taro-kun, takai toke desu ne. I am sure most of it is understood. Oto-san ni moraimashita ka? Did you receive it from your father? Did you get it from your father? Iie oni san no tomodachi ni itadakimashita. So well, itadakimasu is similar to moraimasu, but polite. Why polite over here? Because oni san elder brother no tomodachi. From his tomodachi you have received, thus it is itadakimasu. Tanjoubi no prezento desu ka? Iie, senjou Amerika kara onii san no tomodachi ga kimashita. Sono kata kara no omiage desu. Sono kata, sono hito, sono person, that person, sono kata kara from that person no omiage desu. Iie, ja anata wa onii san no tomodachi ni nani wo sashiagemasu ka? What are you going to give him? Now, sashiagemasu is because he is onii san no tomodachi. So ne, nani wo agemasou ka? What shall I give him? Nihon no ningyou wa dou desu ka? Or, ikaga desu ka as we did last time? Iie, that is a good idea. Arigatou for the idea. So, well, we will try to practice and see what all is new in the lesson. This is your script, you have kanji, you have hiragana and of course, you have katakana also this time. So, you can differentiate easily what is what and this is the translation in English. Not a literal translation, but what you would say in English or what is said in English. So, well, we did, agemasen moraimasu. Now, you can just, we will just go over it a little, revise it a little. What do we have? We have e-san and we have sensei over here. What happens is, when you do, agemasen moraimasu, it is a direct relationship. You are talking to a person who is your age, is in your group, but over here it is sensei. So, what do you do? Well, for respect instead of agemasu, you will use sashiagemasu. And when you receive something from your teacher or someone who is older to you or higher in rank, then again for respect you will use, we will see what it is right away. Well, first and foremost, let us do sashiagemasu. It is a wa b ni sashiageru, a gives to b. And then over here, over here, what are we giving to sensei candy, like in our previous lesson. So, well, a wa b ni candy wo agemasu. That is the normal thing that should happen, but over here because it is sensei, then it should be sashiagemasu and not agemasu. Now we have sensei again over here and we have e-san over here, e-san is going to receive or has received something from his teacher. E-san is high, age is ue, then what will you say for respect? It is itadaku or itadakimasu, e wa b ni itadaku or a receives from b, e wa b ni candy wo itadaku. That is how it is done. You can see the difference over here in ageru and morau. It is a direct relationship, well in sashiageru it is a little different. Now, we will make it here for you and you will see very clearly how it is, a and you have b over here. This is what we did last time, ageru and morau. It is always e wa, e gives and e is receiving. But if it is your teacher over here or someone higher in rank like this, then it is e is giving but it is for respect sashiageru and over here if you are over here, your teacher is here, then for respect again it is receiving or morau but for respect it is itadaku and again the subject is e over here all the time. Please remember, e wa sashiageru and e wa morau, that is how it works. So where you are placed, what your position is, your verb will change accordingly. Now over here we have ni and kara as you saw last time in both cases, the particle used is ni e wa b ni morau e wa b ni ageru or in this case itadaku and in this case sashiageru. Now the particle over here is ni. In this case it is alright e wa b ni to b he gives but e wa b ni morau is correct and easier way to remember would be kara which you have done in your previous lessons. You know it means from, so you can easily do it e wa b kara itadakimashita e wa b kara morai mashita e received from b, that is how you can do it and remember initially and later on you can use ni in both situations. Well, you can practice now e wa b ni hon o ageru or sashiageru, e wa b ni hon o morau or itadaku. Over here you can use kara, e wa b ni hon o agemashita, sashiagemashita, e wa b kara hon o moraimashita or itadaki mashita, I received a book from b. So well, you can practice kara now it will make it a little easier for you to differentiate when to use ageru and when to use morau. Now we will go over this, it is very clear over here e wa b ni ageru, ageru. You can see very clearly e wa b ni ageru, e wa b ni morau. You can see morau also over here very clearly that we did just now e wa b ni morau. And again e wa sensei ni, what is happening now, sashiageru. You can see very clearly e wa sensei ni sashiageru and then again e wa sensei ni what is happening receiving from him. So well it is itadaku e wa sensei ni itadaku. So all of it is given very clearly, you can go step wise and you can practice again and again till agemash, moraimashita, itadakimasu and sashiagemashita is clear to you. You can ask your partner, can get a reply or you can ask your partner to ask you and you can give a reply in different situations. Practice yourself like this, like this, like this or like this and then practice using any of these four and see how much you remember and you can do. It is given also over here, you can read it, it is very clear sashiageru and itadaku. Now you can practice also, we have Tanaka san doing something, you can use sashiagemasu or itadakimasu. Let us see what he is doing or what he is receiving sensei ni pen o sashiagemashita. So here is the pen sensei ni to sensei pen o sashiagemashita. Of course, the subject is not written, watashi is not written over here, watashi wa sensei ni pen o sashiagemashita. The moment the verb is sashiagemasu, the subject is ai. Now let us see what they are doing, kekkonshiki desu ne, they have just gotten married. So what are these people doing, omedetou gozaimasu. Of course, you have done this phrase and again, omedetou gozaimasu. You can congratulate people when they get married, you can congratulate people when they get a good job like this or when they have a child or anything good that happens to anyone. You can say omedetou gozaimasu and then what is it? This is hana, hana is flowers and tomodachi ni hana o itadaki mashita. So the bride is saying, tomodachi ni hana o itadaki mashita. I received from my friends. Then again you have Tanaka-san on the denwa, let us see what he has to say, tomodachi ni denwa o itadaki mashita again, it is watashi over here. And then we have this gentleman Tanaka-san again, he is celebrating his birthday. So let us see what it is, there are lot of presents he has got. So Tanaka-san's friends over here have given something to him. So they are saying watashi-tachi wa Tanaka-san or may be sensei or may be butcho which is your boss or head, thus it is sashiage mashita. So well, you can practice like this with your friends over and over again and use itadakimasu, sashiagemasu, agemasu and moraimasu and learn. Well as we always do, we will do kanji today after our practice. So the first kanji that you can see over here or the first kanji character, the Chinese character that you see over here is umareru or umu. The character is 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Now you will see that this line is a little long, this is shorter than this one and this is the longest of them all. So we have, I will draw it once again for you, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. This means umu which is to be born, to be born is umu or to give birth to. Now how it is made, we will see just now after completing this character. This character umu or sei as the second reading over here, sei. You have done it a number of times as gaaksei, you have done it as daigaksei, you have done it as sensei. So well today do it as umu and umareru, it is a 5 stroke character as is given over here. You can see very clearly it has 5 strokes to it, I will make it once again for you, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Please note this is not of the same size, this is smaller. Now the second character that we have over here is sen or saki meaning before or ahead. So well you have done it in sensei, this is one character. So well what is it, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, it goes like this, so it is a 6 stroke character. As you can see over here it is written very clearly, it is a 6 stroke character. I will make it once again for you, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and then like this. This is sensei, sensei no sen, the word you already know sensei and you can use this character. When you join these two characters, sensei will be made as is given over here. In this slide you can see sen and sei, sensei means someone who is born before you. So, it is as simple as that, this means before, this means to be born, someone, a person who is born before you is naturally your teacher. You learn a lot of things from that person, that person can teach you more things, has more experience and obviously will be your teacher. Thus for all teachers this word sensei is used. You can practice this and you can also understand how this character has come into being. Some of the kanji characters are very interesting. Some of them you can relate to, some of them you understand, you know how it has come into being but there are characters which are a little complicated, which are made with combinations and thus become a little complicated to remember and memorize and write. So, those characters are a little difficult but some of the characters are very interesting. Now you have this one, Osho gatsu, Osho gatsu is New Year, New Year in Japan is called Osho gatsu. O over here is used for honorific, for polite. As we have done in Okane or Onamai in a similar manner, we do O over here for Osho gatsu. Now the character is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and gatsu you have already done earlier. You have, we have done this character, this means month. I will make it again for you, Osho gatsu over here, O is over here, O, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and then gatsu you have already done earlier. This is Osho gatsu. So, next time when you see this character written somewhere, you will know exactly what it means. Osho gatsu is New Year. Well, it is given over here. You can check it out later, try to make it in a similar manner and I am sure you will be able to recognize it next time when you see it. Now over here you can see how Umareru has come into being or to give births to has come into being. You can see a flower over here, the simple flower which has come out of the ground and it is ready to give or bear fruit or give births to a new thing or a life. This is how it has now become associated with Umareru to give birth to something new. From here this flower changes to something and something new is made. And over here you have this word Saki or Sen which means ahead or before and you can see this gentleman running or feet over here and as feet take us forward, that is the first thing that comes in front thus Saki is associated with front, ahead or before. This takes you forward or ahead is what it means. So you can remember these characters like this with the words given and use them also later. Now there are some new words with Kanji characters as we always do. You could repeat after me, you know the words, some of the words you know and well you can try to memorize the new ones. Sen-shu the week before Sen getsu last month, Kokosei a student say over here is a student Umu to give birth to Gakusei a student, Daigakusei a graduate student. Now say is over here you can see Kokosei, Gakusei and Daigakusei this you have done but we will do we have done it now in this lesson as Umareru what to give birth to. Now in our previous lessons we did Hiragana, we completed 46 syllables of Hiragana and now we will try to do Katakana. You will see the difference in Hiragana and Katakana very clearly now Katakana is very angular, Katakana is more masculine as it has come from Kanji characters you can see straight lines over here whereas Hiragana if you go back to your lessons you will see it is more cursive, it is round, it is more feminine. So well it is given over here very clearly you can see it ah. You can see how the stroke order is 1 and then like this 2, R, E and in E it has to start from here and not like this then U you can see again U very clearly A the first one is small and the second one is a little longer and you have O in the end. So you can see how angular they are and go back to the slides, go back to the lessons and see how cursive and round Hiragana is. Now you have all of it on one slide on one page and you can see how the stroke order is given clearly please try to remember there is a vocabulary for you some new vocabulary which we did in the lesson Sashi-Ageru is there which I told you Itadaku. Now most of the time verbs will be used in plain form will be written in plain form for you. So please try to make the mass form automatically Sashi-Ageru, Itadaku, Umareru, Nenga-jo, this is not a verb New Year cards are called Nenga-jo, Saki, Hagaki and Umu over here which is give birth to as we did just now in our Kanji. Now as promised earlier we have been doing festivals of Japan, I have been telling you about festivals of Japan and we did Hinamatsuri and we did Hanami earlier. Now we will do a very important festival of Japan, a very celebrated much awaited festival of Japan which is Osho-Gatsu and that was the reason I told you the character also well this is a small girl you can see over here with some decorations here in a nice kimono and this decoration is very very important as it has bamboo, it has pine trees, it is colorful and it has all the auspicious things with which you welcome the New Year in Japan. And you decorate this whatever it is called it is called a Kazari actually in Japanese thing what you make you decorate outside your houses at Osho-Gatsu time. This is Osho-Gatsu as you can see over here, it is festive time, merry making time, enjoyment with friends and family and you celebrate the New Year, well there are lot of things written about New Year now New Year officially is celebrated on the 1st of January every year and this happened in 1873 when they decided to start this celebration on the 1st of January. In traditional time in olden times in traditional manner the Japanese New Year was similar to the Chinese New Year and it was celebrated by the lunar calendar according to the lunar calendar and this practice is there even now in some places in Japan and they do celebrate their New Year sometime in February still in some parts of Japan. So well there is lot of enjoyment, there is lot of celebration, socializing, merry making, partying during this time of the year. There are lot of customs innumerable customs practices followed on Shogatsu time and this Shogatsu vacation is long in Japan it starts around on the 28th of December and continues till the 4th or the 5th of January. And interestingly the Japanese have lot of good things to eat at this time and there is special food that is made from rice cakes, from omochii and they have it specially during Shogatsu. Now the ryori that is made, the kyuusen that is made the Japanese kyuusen which is special during this time is Osechi ryori as is given over here which is made out of, I will show you the pictures also which is made out of whatever is available during winter time, whatever seafood, fish, vegetables they can get traditionally this was the practice. Now of course a lot many things are available but Osechi ryori generally has as is given over here shrimp, seaweed, eggs, chestnut because this is what is available during winter and you serve this food with ozoni which is the traditional soup of Japan made out of omochii which is rice cakes, sticky rice cakes and it is a clear broth and is served very hot. Because all the other food that is served during Oshogatsu is served cold. The reason being that the wives, the ladies of the house, the ladies of the house should also enjoy the season, also enjoy the festival and should celebrate it with their family and friends and get some relaxation time, get some rest during the festival. They also decorate omochii cakes and put them outside or inside in their houses and use a lot of auspicious lot of things which are considered auspicious and decorate it with that for example they would decorate it with suru, origami or with oranges or with all other kind of all other kind of auspicious things considered in the Chinese system. There is also a system that which has been followed for a very very long time is that on the 31st of December in all the temples they ring bells for 108 times to actually free ourselves of the worldly desires and the 108 sins that we have committed during the year and there is a very nice custom during Shogatsu time to write letters to friends and family. You have not been able to meet during the year due to various reasons may be busy or whatever could not meet and thus would like to inquire about them, how they are and thank them for whatever they have done during the previous year. And another reason for writing these letters is to show your calligraphy skills they are written in hand to show that you have actually taken out time you have put in so much energy and effort to remember them and to write to them personally it is showing your concern and your love for the person. So these are some very sweet customs followed in Japan and also an interesting custom that is followed is they pay special attention to what is done the first time in the new year. So, may be going to office that is considered very important first time when you visit office seeing or watching the first sunrise, the first laughter you enjoy with friends being with family all this is considered very very auspicious and good and they pay lot of attention to all these small things which give joy to people. Another important thing about Osho Gatsu is that there is a special way of greeting there is a special greeting which is used during Shogatsu time and this is Omedetou gozaimasu kotoshi mo yoroshiku onegai shimasu meaning basically that of course congratulating in the new year giving your good wishes your best wishes your greetings and also requesting the person to be nice and kind as he was as he has been in the past year continue to be kind and nice to and continue our friendship so that is the meaning of this greeting and of course we will see the slides now they are all from the net some of them are from Wikipedia. So, you can go on the net yourself you can see and look up what all customs are followed what all beliefs are there what they do especially during new year it is a colorful festival as you can see this Kodomatsu which is the decoration I was talking to you about earlier is done with bamboo with pine trees whatever is available in winter during that time whatever fruits or vegetables or whatever can be made in the harsh cold winter is available is decorated very nicely outside the gates the houses are cleaned the there is a general cleaning of the house making the house beautiful freeing it of all bad things of all evil and welcoming the new year is a big big celebration and custom in in in Japan. This is the Osechi Ryori which they have and it is believed that the Japanese have their food with their eyes that is the general saying there so the food has to be very very beautiful colorful and presented very very nicely so that is how it is done so all the things that are available like you have eggs you have vegetables and all kinds of things that are served in Osechi Ryori. This is the ozoni that I was talking about the clear soup which is made of broth fish broth and the rice cakes it is a clear soup and served very hot. This is the Kagami mochi which is again rice cakes nicely decorated with oranges and this fan over here birds and totois and all kinds of things which are considered auspicious. This is the Nengajo or the postcards that you send to your friends and family write something on it and send this custom was a is of course there in India as well but it is losing and somehow we have stopped sending cards to people but this custom is still on in Japan and they are very proud of it that they send these Nengajo to people over here you can use the mass form which means which this one means to send okurimasu the mass form over here Nengajo o okurimasu this is the Nengajo here so well. Now we have shogatsu people that is what they do they wear good clothes they go to the Jinjas or the temples visit and take blessings with family and this is the expression which is used during shogatsu time dressed up like this in front of the kodomatsu and well this is how you would greet and say, Akemashite omedetou gozaimasu, Kotoshi mo yoroshiku onegai shimasu this is a phrase anytime during new year you are supposed to say this phrase and greet people this can continue till the 10th or the 15th of January so all about new year there is lots more to tell many many more things to tell about new year but well for the time being this much will suffice and you can also look up the net and see what all you can find and learn from there. Now it is your time we have your shukudai here for you and as always make good sentences match group A with group B look at these pictures and tell what is to be used where out of agimasu, murayimasu, sashiagimasu and itadakimasu and then of course match these Kanji characters with their meanings fill in the blanks with proper verb forms the verb forms that we have done and I think that is all that is enough for today. You have lot of work to do lot many things to do to learn now lot of sentences to make lot of lot of conversation to do with your friends so I leave you here for you to practice at home learn all the vocabulary do your Kanji characters and we will meet again soon. Minasan mata ashita aimashou arigatou gozaimasu thank you.