 Hey everybody, thank you for braving the beautiful weather and resisting Our healthy walkable downtown Washington DC on such a wonderful day And welcome to the new America Foundation Everybody here in the room and also we're Broadcasting this live over the internet My name is Patrick Dordy. I run the smart strategy initiative here And we're just really excited to have a good friend and brilliant leader Dr. Richard Jackson Here with us today and just an incredible team of Respondents to help us lead us into this important conversation Let me open with a few thoughts I fundamentally believe that we're on the verge of an incredibly prosperous secure and sustainable economic transformation in this country I also believe that the array of challenges and threats facing our nation at home and abroad Are urgent and connected and if we don't make this transition We're in some real trouble Our project here is actually embedded in the National Security Studies program for a good reason these challenges at both at home and abroad Are real threats to our national security? if we can't if we're poisoning our food system if we're Making our people unhealthy by how we design our communities If we're destroying the environment We've got a real security challenge if our economy is is not performing if we're stuck in a ten-year deleverging We're going to have a hard time meeting our obligations overseas And what we're focusing on is a question of grand strategy. It's a discipline that Eisenhower and Roosevelt practiced So many years ago to lead us through two great global challenges And we believe that it's once again that discipline of grand strategy that can take us into the Prosperous new 21st century But we fundamentally have to understand how that system was designed And with these great speakers today, we're going to get into a fundamental element of that design the design of our communities back When Roosevelt and Eisenhower were doing grand strategy, especially around Eisenhower and Truman They understood that grand strategy was the correlation of your economic engine and your national security strategy and a national and an Economic engine had to be rooted in In domestic had to be rooted in some type of demand and the demand after World War two was fundamentally about two things It was pent up consumer demand and pent up demand for housing Our leaders here in Washington aimed our economic engine as we're demobilizing The the war production board and the wartime economy we aimed it squarely at Satisfying the demand for consumer goods and suburban housing Fundamentally we hardwired suburbia into our national strategy And now we've been running that economic engine 20 years after Its purpose came to end 20 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall in the end of the Soviet Union We never reevaluated that economic engine and we're really paying the price As the fundamental conditions and interests of the American people and the health of the American people has changed What do we do we we did three things to get us into this place we subsidize suburbia we industrialized agriculture and we We fundamentally taxed labor While subsidizing resource consumption that fundamental formula is at the heart of our problem And understanding that we can start to design something better So the good news is Those designs are already being drawn up and the the folks on today's panel Dr. Jackson especially Have been leading the conversation and how we Correct those mistakes It's an exciting time. I'm I'm positive because right now the demand in the marketplace for healthy communities is as Chris will attest 56% of Americans want the attributes of smart growth Walkable server search transit or in communities in their next housing purchase That's three times the level of the demand that existed after World War two If we can't do it with that level of demand, we can't do it at all There's an incredible Attractor here that we just need to focus the nation on So Without further ado, let me introduce our speakers today and this is this great talk first my friend Dick Jackson Thank you for coming. It's great to have you back He's the dick is that is the chair of the environmental health program at UCLA Where he came after 15 years at CDC where he ran the National Center on Environmental Health He's a pediatrician and an epidemiologist and When at CDC he did the incredible deep dive on testing the health impacts of smart growth Specifically looking at lead ND lead for neighborhood development and Coming to the to the strong conclusion that if we make this If we make these changes in our community design, we're going to have a Dramatic impact on obesity heart disease social isolation as well as the spectrum of problems that come from our car culture from asthma to impacts So we're especially excited to have him here because right now on PBS stations Across the country and also here in in the in the greater Washington area Is is his PBS special designing healthy communities? So we're going to lead off with a clip from that and then dick is going to walk us into the material But first let me introduce the rest of our panel Chris line burger my good friend and co-author is here Chris is Not only a triple threat quadruple or quintuple threat. He's a scholar at the Brookings Institute He's a professor at University of Michigan he's a writer for the Atlantic Monthly and he's been Working to change our policies with a group of real estate developers Called locusts that he runs Chris is also a developer himself wanting running one of the most exciting an innovative real estate development firms focusing on Sustainable development that that we've got in the country Shannon Brownlee's here. Shannon's the our Director of the health study health policy program here at New America And she's the author of overtreated why too much medicine is I always got to finish that off making a sicker and poor She's just had a great run coming off in New York New York Times magazine cover story And among other things she's looking at this question of how do you deliver? primary the innovative primary care services into These new communities that we are hoping to design and then finally we have a newcomer to our stage Amy Levener from AARP Amy works with the complete street streets program at AARP Focusing on making communities friendly for aging citizens With a full spectrum of services accessibility and livability And with boomers just about just already last year hitting 65 AARP is going to be on the vanguard of this push and with their kind of political clout We're really excited about the potential here. So with that what I want to do is queue up Dick's six minute video and we'll have dick come up and make his presentation and then we'll bring the panel up And we'll have some conversation Okay, and with that John if you can get it going there we go. Thanks so much I worked for 30 years doing epidemic investigations and looking at chemical effects on people Air pollution a whole series of issues and about 10 years ago while I was at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention I became Really engrossed almost obsessed with the fact that we have built America in a way That is I believe fundamentally unhealthy Of you are taking medicine for asthma See your son's not be able to take a breath Is one of the hardest things I've ever had to deal with every parent out there whose child has asthma Understands how I feel We could not have designed an environment. It is more difficult for people's well-being at this point particularly as we look at epidemics of obesity Diabetes diabetes not a good thing to fool around with I went in for some treatment They said I was going to take my foot off with young people that I work with the Population that we're obese are now heading towards morbid obesity We're looking at the first generation in American history To have a shorter lifespan than their parents In 2001 members of Congress thought that I should be fired because I dared suggest that how we were building America Might be bad for our health might be making us overweight unfit depressed and lonely in 2001 my views were considered so controversial. They almost got me fired Today they are at the center of a provocative new television series now being broadcast on public television stations throughout the United States Designing healthy communities is a four-hour mini series and companion book Based on my extensive work in the field of public health As a practicing physician author former director of the National Center for Environmental Health at CDC and Current professor and chair of environmental health sciences at UCLA I'm a professor at UCLA, but my passion is how We build where we live and how it affects people's health and why we need to rebuild All the places that we live in ways that make us all better young old and everybody in between Too big a topic to be contained in just one program We traveled around our nation filming in communities large and small with a vast variety of design and health related issues Each of the one-hour episodes tackles specific problems and offers realistic solutions that will promote better health and Enhance the overall quality of our lives On the first of four episodes the time has come for the retrofitting of Suburbia we will see communities that are combating the causes of type 2 diabetes not through medication and amputation But by redesigning our car-centric society The second episode gives insights on rebuilding places of the heart We visit cities struggling to resuscitate their dying downtowns Where the polluting sins of past industries haunt the future this lake is a super fun lake The only super fun lake in the United States You look at the problems and you recognize them and and you grieve over them But at the same time you look and see what can be done And you do your best to help all across our nation young people are working to better their cities and neighborhoods By redesigning places of the heart social policy in concrete is our third program differences in life expectancy between The poorest neighborhoods and the wealthiest neighborhoods exceed 10 years and we tell people in our county Give me your address. I'll tell you how long you live We see how low-income neighborhoods are affected by pollution and how the city of Detroit struggles to save itself And today we are ground zero. We are the New Orleans without Katrina on the last episode I go searching for Shangri-La can the perfect community exist It would be a place where kids would feel safe and senior citizens could walk and feel like They were protected and well thought of we seek to find perfect communities large and small past and present that embody The intricate balance of health-promoting design and the human needs for fulfillment and happiness When you come home, you want to feel a sense of haven and that's what people feel here in addition to the series Educator Stacy Sinclair and I have written a companion book that offers in further detail the root causes of our national health crisis and Highlights community design solutions to these problems I was recently honored to be the sole guest on the PBS nationally broadcast Tavis smiley show and for too long we've been worrying about things far away or very minute And it was time to think about designing and building places that work for people Let's hope that message gets through and I'm honored to have you on this program Thank you for the work that you are doing and now all the bestie. Thank you Here's what people are saying In her health column in the New York Times Jane Brody wrote The four-part series that Dr. Jackson developed highlights changes being made in forward-thinking communities Changes that foster better physical and mental health by redesigning the built environment Paul Goldberger architecture critic for the New Yorker declared You wouldn't expect a doctor to write one of the most important books about planning towns and cities But that is exactly what Richard Jackson has done And from Bart Sokolow of environmental advisors You have a winner poignant and to the point. I hope it becomes a vehicle for change People can view these programs and say We can do that And that's what we hope to We intend designing healthy communities to be a positive catalyst the beginning of a movement will lead to significant change All over our nation watch my new mini series designing healthy communities as we seek to improve our national health this came out of Frankly ten years of lectures and going around and realizing they're talking to a hundred people at a time Was not going to get the message out at this point This is shown in about 10 million households at least one hour of it around the United States We'd like to see it be captured at a much larger level. I Also want to thank the American Institute of Architects that gave us the first grant to get it going and Kresge and Kellogg and a number of other foundations California endowment very much So have been a big help as it's gone forward This is the companion book. This is the textbook I use in my course at UCLA. It has Very deep discussions everything from social capital to built environment to engineering air Water quality etc. This is the more personal emotional book that goes along with the TV series You can imagine I had a real dilemma with my producers because on one hand I'm going all the stuff you're doing is completely kumbaya It's all about feelings and they're going all the stuff you're doing is about numbers and graphs and charts and Getting the balance between the two where you've got the right brain the left brain the intellect and the emotion Going at the same time. It was not easy, but very gratifying But pediatrician and if you take your child to the pediatrician first thing they're going to do is do the height And weight and you want your child to have their weight at roughly the same percentile as their height So if a child comes in and he's 50th percentile for height all that's great But if he's 95th percentile for weight, they're really worried and they're worried about how this is tracking They check the blood pressure. It's too high the cholesterol is too high Child showing signs of depression and I say to my pediatric friends. Do you see anyone like this? See, oh, yeah, we see four or five a day just like this and my primary care internist friends And my son is a primary care internist says he is also they are seeing four or five of these people a day This is the new America Now a good doctor would obviously not immediately put the child in all kinds of drugs the child would be put on Let's go to the overweight clinic Let's think about how we can intervene no soft drinks in the house and that's a message for everyone That's listening here. They don't belong in your offices Patrick and they don't belong in the house No TV screen in the bedroom and that's going to be hard for a lot of families But it parks kids far too long and the child has to build exercise back into his life Two months later the child comes back Hasn't really lost any weight can't change the food at school can't stay after school for sports because the bus leaves Then and there's no other way to get home There's no time to exercise and when I get home the neighborhood doesn't have anywhere where I can walk in Two months after that the child is taking something for his cholesterol his blood pressure Perhaps for his depression at a rough cost of about four hundred dollars a month Someone's paying that much for the care of what I will assert is an environmentally induced disease This is about the environment this child's operating in not the fundamental personality And actually one of my nieces heard this talk and at the end said I'm learning that the kids of our generation are bad And I said oh no, no, that's not what I meant I think what our generation has done to you is bad, but I don't think I think you're great In fact the salvation and the heart of that show is over and over again. I came face-to-face with really Waryed but very concerned young people that want to change the world And they're very unhappy with the world that we have given them whether it's environmental economic or or social The environment's rigged against the child and it's rigged against the doctor and it's rigged against the best of us Very much as what Patrick said and that model that we embrace so effectively in 1950 1960 It was probably fine in 1950 for a while, but it we've outrun its its lifespan when I was a young doc I thought that seven percent of all the money in the United States going to medical care was a lot of money It's now 17 18 percent and Shannon. I won't You'll talk about this in more depth But and as Patrick knows you can't run an economy on 18 percent medical services sooner or later the system doesn't work You would think we were desperately healthy, but we're 47th for lifespan For males for example were better than Slovenia, but the people in Costa Rica live just as long as we do spending about seven times less than we do Now a hundred years ago we were confronted with not epidemics of obesity and diabetes We were confronted with epidemics of infectious diseases one of the leading causes of death with tuberculosis Intestinal diseases related to bad water diseases related to bad air. How did we get out of that? We didn't do it by discovering particularly discovering viruses or even working on bacteria We did it by changing our infrastructure changing the physical environments We were in if you want to get rid of most of the intestinal diseases The biggest thing you can do is provide clean and safe water to people It's investing in that infrastructure for water if you want people to grow and be healthier You invest in high quality diverse food sources not a unitary form of processed foods If you want people to reduce their tuberculosis levels and this was the white plague in the 19th century The most important thing we did was get rid of crowding and create high quality housing with good quality air good daylighting Reduce the loading and not have five people in a room So prosperity is really important in terms of turning that epidemic around we've added 30 years to the lifespan of Americans In the last hundred and ten hundred and twenty years thirty years and I'm sure a lot of my medical colleagues would say well That's our medical system. That's why we're living so much longer How many of those years have come from the medical system and medical care of the 30 years that we've added That's how much longer we live than our great-grandparents It's about five years Everything else has been either infrastructure changes that I've just talked about or we're mixed with economic or its immunization Immunization has been a powerful changer in our health status in the US In this century, we've gotten here's the top five But others are what do we think the big diseases the of the next hundred years are they're either related to these chronic diseases We've talked about in the video. I Would assert that worldwide climate change is going to have major health impacts whether it's nutrition or droughts Etc. And then aspects of an aging population and we can't pretend that that's not going on in not just our society worldwide Now as Patrick laid out the embrace was let's put people in housing and the first homes had perhaps no car No garage or one car garage and they were on average about 12 to 1500 square feet and families were three You know three four kids was very common at that period of time. I'm the oldest of seven by the way Now there are average families are down to about two children or sometimes less So the homes of the families have gotten smaller the homes have gotten bigger And what's the meta meta message of this building as you drive past and look at what it's trying to tell you is the most important aspect of the life of this owner We are the appendage to the automobile in a way. It's a metaphor for America this is a liver biopsy and In it you see the uniform formation of all the cells here No, this is of course American suburbia and if you ask any 15 year old girl We have a whole segment where we interview kids in Smyrna, Georgia Who are 14 15 and 16 about their life and they talk about what it's like and over and over again the b-word comes up and it's Boring I need to have somebody take me absolutely everywhere and Where I live in LA I live without a car. I do my best to go everywhere on public transportation LA probably work fine except for the air pollution in 1950-1955 you see those pictures of the opening of Disneyland and there's three cars in Anaheim on the freeway It's amazing and now this is the typical thing It doesn't work when you're trying to move 12 million people in 12 million cars each you know every time you want to move a hundred and seventy five pound person You move a 3700 pound car Now our students are feeling quite depressed I think and so General Motors had a solution on October 12th and all the School in university newspapers across the country the big ones anyway. They had this ad informing our Students how they should deal with the confrontation they have in their lives and it led with reality sucks and It said luckily the GM college discount doesn't stop peddling start driving There's a picture of a pretty girl smiling or maybe smirking at the guy on the bicycle the guy in the bikes doing exactly what we want He's exercising. He's not polluting. He's reducing congestion But my students have informed me that I have read this picture wrong She's actually flirting with him and doesn't want to be in the car with the flabby guy that's driving around But looking at this, you know, this is you know talking about depression. This is the most prevalent disorder in America four fold increase four hundred percent increase in people in the prime of life 18 to 44 taking antidepressants now for 50,000 years human beings knew how to deal with depression We all went through times of loss and times that were we're bad and we dealt with it with ritual We dealt with it music we dealt with it by being together We dealt with it with food and celebrations It was community that got us through the hard stuff and in many ways we've eroded the community Bowling alone the fact that the more you commute the less you can connect with the people that are around you Driving a car. It's it's great, but it's not as safe as being on steel on steel being in a rail Even less safe than being in an air commercial aircraft in the United States And every time you drive a hundred miles in the US you buy a one in a million Lottery ticket for death. We don't think about that that we're really, you know This is inherently risky by the way the males in this room all think that we're better than average drivers But the truth is ultimately it's a it's a lottery and your your number is going to come up sooner or later If you buy enough miles to go there Leading cause of years of life lost after cancer in our US population partly because so many young people are involved in car crashes And so I've been very active on the UC like UCLA campus and around the University of California with 20 is plenty At 20 miles an hour if you're hit by a 20 mile an hour car as a pedestrian You have about a 5% chance of dying at 30 miles an hour You have a 45% chance of dry dying. There's no reason that people on the UCLA campus or in Heavily dense urban areas need to be driving over 20 miles an hour In fact, if you set the lights to move at 20 they can get where they want to go more quickly than if There's a lot of stop and go built into it I by the way completely reject the argument that the way we should deal with the aging of the population Amy is to redesign all of our roads with wider turn lanes and rounded corners so old folks that can't see so well I mean, I'd really would rather they be in a neighborhood where they can meet all their needs without having to get in the car Our worst air pollution is in places with the most cars the most sunlight and the most heat I won't drag this one out, but We cannot pretend that air pollution is unrelated if you live in a highly air polluted area versus a non-air polluted area If you're pregnant your baby is going to weigh about six ounces less if you're going to school and Go off to high school when you are in a highly air polluted area in Los Angeles, for example And you play three sports for four years at the end of that time You will have three times the risk of having asthma as the kids who went to the high schools that had very good air quality So even though people say oh, I have a right to my car Yeah, you do but you don't have a right to damage the health of the child Why I'm very proud of doing all the things I want them to be doing like sports and athletics and academics and Contributions the big driver of course will be obesity and diabetes and These are the most important health communication tools probably of the last 20 years every political leader knows how to read maps And when you see the map of the US go from 1991 for obesity rates to 1997 over 20% of the people in Indiana to 2004 with over 25% Chris the people in Michigan to 2009 brand-new color Over 30% of the population in a whole bunch of the states being obese We've added about 25 pounds to every average adult in the United States about 14 pounds to every 14 year old If you look at the movies from the 60s and 70s you're only struck by even Carrie Grant is so slim looking compared to what we think of as someone who's you know the perfect specimen nowadays Being overweight and obese is bad for us it raises our risk of having high blood pressure of getting a stroke of having liver disease gallbladder disease bad joints having a baby with birth defects and About a third of our abdominal cancers are related to obesity. It's a big deal if as we become obese the big disease risk is Diabetes and you watch the ray who is endangered of losing his foot there And that's one of the powers of the video was just you know, this is an academic or theoretical This is this is very real stuff in this person's life for a woman who becomes morbidly obese you have 90 times the risk So suddenly Shannon this person's now fallen into the medical system because they need this medical care and it's better to pay for the Diabetes care and even the stomach stapling surgery than it is to pay for three days a week of dialysis etc. Etc Of course the diabetes rates have gone up at the same time. Here's 1994 Texas at about 5% of the population being diabetic by 2001 Mississippi Alabama about 8-9% of the population diabetic by 2007 large portions of the population I walked down the street now and 10% of the people in some of these states have a Disease that will cost them their eyes their kidneys and their feet when I was a young pediatrician I never saw a child with type 2 diabetes now we call it. I'm sorry with adult onset diabetes now We call it type 2 diabetes It's more than half the kids in the pediatric diabetes clinic with what we consider old age diseases And they have old age diseases at the same time At the rate we're going 21% of the population by the way right now We're 2% of the GDP Patrick going to diabetes and at the rate we're going over 20% of the population will have it by 2050 But Shannon if we give everybody really really good medical care a Third of us will have diabetes So thinking the medical system is going to fix this is dangerous. We have engineered Physical activity out of our lives our children have gone from two-thirds walking and biking to school to about one in eight Walking and biking to school in one generation We've engineered fitness out of our future Leaders only a quarter of the kids in California can pass the fitness gram Can you run walk a 12-minute mile? Even professors from Michigan can run walk a 12-minute mile. It's This is not good in fact my Patrick is closer to the Pentagon than I am but there are very serious generals who worry about force Capability when you've got two out of every seven volunteers unfit for service because of these issues We provide huge amounts of price subsidies for commodities Corn and soy being the big ones we provide no subsidies for fruits and vegetables If everybody in America went out and ate what the search in general told us to eat lots of fruits and vegetables We would be out of them in three days. We nowhere near produce enough of the food that we really need to be eating It's one of the reasons it's so expensive We produce so much processed food This is the Academy of Sciences report that the average eight-year-old sees 7600 food ads a year imagining being the teacher doing the half hour a year talk on what is healthy to eat and Contrast that with being saturated Pepsi Cola spent a hundred thousand dollars a second telling people what to drink during the Super Bowl One of my students talk about built-in environment Two of my students did a drive-along Sunset Boulevard These were the ads that they saw alcohol entertainment and products of the 65 ads She then went they went to some of the poorest neighborhoods in LA did the same distance of a ride and found that we were telling people to eat a drink alcohol but Over and over again. There were these weight loss ads situated in between the fast food ads and the high calorie food ads So again and again we tell and we say oh well the problem of obesity is the poor people, but then we create environments that Capture them in a cycle of overweight obesity and inactivity This is a picture taken when I was a secret service guard for the governor of California No, I was health officer for about a year and a half in California And it was to carry the message that people should eat good food and not eat food spelled backwards because you've eat food Spelled backwards you are a doofus. I Know to change America We're gonna have to start with the young every child ought to have a school garden They ought to know where food comes from if you have a child eat or prepare and eat food that they've grown themselves They always think it's delicious. It is part of the life experience every community needs a farmer's market I know poor people can't buy that the prices at 9 o'clock in the morning But at 2 in the afternoon the prices have come down dramatically that you still be walking through the Detroit Eastern Market with Dan Carmody who's the head of that and I said to him You're more of a health leader than some of us who are dealing with the medical care at the end The Eastern Market has become a note of health that is moving out and out and out with bike routes and gardens and really a heart for the City of Los Angeles I think part of our parks and I think it laid in Los Angeles every vacant lot ought to have supplied by the city a water source that People can actually convert them into community gardens. It's physical exercise. It's social entrepreneurship. It's income and it's good health So we need to make fitness the healthiest option 10,000 steps a day You reduce your risk of getting the disease is going to cost your eyes or kidneys and your feet by almost 60% In pre-diabetics no drug works as well as walking So when we engineer walking and physical activity out of people's lives We are depraved depriving them of Life years of life. We are depriving them of liberty and freedom And we're certainly depriving them of happiness if you're fit, you're less hypertensive you have lower blood pressure If you are fit or the more fit you become the less your risk of becoming of getting breast cancer and dying of breast cancer If you're fit the less your risk is of just dying outright and here's my favorite slide if You're out of shape and you're older and Amy will talk more about this you you can add six or more years to your Lifespans simply by becoming fit and you don't need to pay a hundred dollars a month and go to the gym with all the people in Spandex you could actually just walk as a way of having that fitness brought into your life I'll skip mental health, but in essence what it says is Physical activity particularly in green space is as effective as the antidepressants Can you think of anything that would be a better way of controlling depression besides socialization? The pediatricians get this this is our policy statement for children need to grow up in neighborhoods where they have increasing Autonomy you wouldn't think of depriving your child of food or of sleep and yet we create environments that deprive children of increasing autonomy and that's an important part of life development Everybody that's buying a house ought to be looking at the walkscore the real estate agent So we show it to you until they have a bad walkscore, and then they happen to not mention it I gave I'm here in town for the American Institute of Architects, and I gave a talk a few years ago saying I want all new Buildings to have pleasant and attractive stairways when you walk in you architect should be building buildings where the first thing you can See is the elevator, and I was afraid they would be mad at me and the president came up to me and said dr. Jackson you're completely right we architects love Stairways and vertical features. It's a much more interesting building and then simply filling out flat Floor plates he went back reconverted his office put a beautiful stairway between the Land and he says more conversations and intellectual activity goes on on those landings than anywhere else in the place New York City and the Department of Planning is now really taken this and embrace this and I know other cities are looking at this This is like an 80-page document. I recommend it to anyone that's watching the Program about active design guidelines because it has to become culturally embedded We have in California work very hard to change the Constitution for growth in the state We call it the general plan the master plan the overall plan for the state You've got to build these health elements in sometimes can take 10 years to have the changes happen But it's got to be built in a quick one Light rail Charlotte, North Carolina put a light rail system in they put it in because it would get people downtown increase social Cohesiveness maybe save some money for poor families that we're using it less stress for people that happy sitting on the train Riding or reading or something else But someone looked at what happened to people's health during that time after the two years after it opened People who took the light rail were significantly more likely to meet the Surgeon General's guidelines for physical activity and People that took the light rail Lost on average six pounds and they didn't know they were in a weight loss program I know we've gained more than six pounds, but everybody in this country would be better off six pounds less or at least most of us so My kids have volunteered and they go and Stencil these on the various sewers around the country around the neighborhood It's a noble effort, but I want to buy them a bunch of new stencils and have this put Around every place in the country as well so with that oh Last couple slides are young person starts to walk to school or bike four days a week He saves the family about seven hundred dollars to a thousand dollars a year in car costs That comes out to forty thousand calories. He burns per year eleven and a half pounds of body fat He goes back to the doctor. He's grown four inches in two years. That's what kids do He's now down to the 65th percentile not perfect, but a whole lot better. It's blood pressure cholesterol. Everything else is better He's now got a girlfriend. He's not depressed He lives happily ever after because he's in a neighborhood that welcomes and encourages Social engagement and physical activity. So with that, let me stop and thank you very much call everybody up and What we wanted to do is just have have three great kind of Respondents respond to to Dick's presentation and start the conversation off So I'm gonna start with Chris, so we'll just walk all the way across in in in physical order here So Chris some thoughts to start us off here You know Paris Lindenning the former governor of Maryland taught me this that that when it comes to smart growth or transit-oriented development or walkable urbanism or whatever you want to call it that there's 14 different ways to climb to the same mountaintop and most of us like Ellen McCarthy and I were are involved with real estate planning the economics of it Patrick has been focusing on the defense and security side of this But Dick and his colleagues have been focusing on The health aspect of it and I I sense the health aspect is really resonating better Then all of us policy wonks who talk about the you know the growth benefits the You know how many oil barrels of oil it saves how much money we can shift from You know saving on transportation costs and shift it into housing or maybe even heaven forbid savings But I think the health aspect is possibly the most impactful and of course it helps when you have somebody who you have to call doctor telling you this So I I really thank dick for this I think this is terribly important and I'm hoping we can find ways to get this more into the medical Profession the public health specialists get this the nurses get this but unfortunately most doctors don't and It'd be an interesting topic of the of a discussion as to why The AMA and the other mainstream doctors in this country don't seem to understand this and what can be done to move That understanding forward It's great great Amy Thanks so much for for having me So ARP really cares about this for lots of reasons one is that we know That our members will and people 50 plus will outlive their driving years men on an average of seven years women on an average of ten years and Once they outlive those driving years and they're living in the kinds of communities that that we just saw those those horrible liver communities They're stuck and and the same kinds of diseases and issues present themselves and and make themselves worse and so this is really about quality of life for us as well and This is just incredibly important. We've talked to a lot of the boomers Patrick mentioned the boomers and We've done research with them. They're interested in the communities that are Developed in a better way for them. They want it, but they don't know how to get it I think we have a real challenge, you know, we have a lot of demand pin-up demand But people don't know how to get to these communities They don't know what to do and a lot of the the boomers we talked to Talked about they were they got nostalgic and they talked about the way their communities used to be Oh, I loved the neighborhood I grew up in you know I used to walk to school with my friends and I used to you know Be able to run around the neighborhood and ride bikes and I can't do that anymore And I drive my kid to school and you know A lot of them were saying that they had amenities within a half mile of their home But the way neighborhoods are built even if there's amenities within a half mile are they is it a safe half mile? Can they actually, you know cross the eight lane highway to get to that grocery store Or do they have to drive that half mile because there is you know that big big roadway there So we're finding that they're interested, but they need solutions and I think that they need interventions like Changing the the built environment From an advocacy perspective, it's really interesting. You know ARP is as most of you know is known for a lot of our federal battles fighting for health care and security and Medicare solvency and social security solvency, but the future of ARP's advocacy is really going to be supporting the community organizations that are trying to change Neighborhoods for older adults and this is something we care greatly about We've done a lot of work in joining coalitions like the complete streets coalition Transportation for America because we want to make sure that the voices of older adults are at the table and that these Solutions are not only for them, but they're for their families because that's what they care about They want again their children to be able to Have and grandchildren to have the same experiences that they had growing up So this is definitely where we're headed. We're excited to to be in this space and are happy to be here Thank you Shannon Which is we are Suburbia refugees we move from Annapolis Where we had to drive everywhere into Washington DC and we live right on the red line and our son is 16 years old And he hasn't needed to get a driver's license We've said sure we'll take you down anytime you're ready and he hasn't bothered because he can get everywhere he needs and as a mom That's really a good thing because 16 year olds are not very smart drivers so So what Richard Jackson is doing is incredibly important and and so gratifying to see you pulling together so many threads and making and making this effort really start to touch millions of people and and reach millions of people and It it goes to the heart of something that I worry about a lot Which is how do we solve our health care spending problem? And and it's related to the fact that we can't seem to solve our health problem And we keep seeing the rise in obesity and and diabetes and part of what you're really pointing to is that we have siloed We've we've we've put so many things so many policy Policies into different silos certainly at the federal level probably at the state level as well So when we subsidize commodities and don't subsidize fruits and vegetables We don't think of the cost that we are then paying on the other end in terms of poor health When we subsidize roads and don't and don't make sure that we have walkable environments We don't think about the cost on the other end and we don't have a grand strategy as part of part of the reason that we're doing this so from the health care perspective, I worry about how much we spend on health care and and I worry about it Because our long-term debt problem is really a health care spending problem when you look at our federal Spending on health care. It is it just surpassed Spending on defense last year. We spend more on health care at the federal level than we do on the military so health care spending is has been going up faster than the rest of the economy for decades now and It's not sustainable. It's simply not sustainable. So and if we want to see that spending continue to go up Leave everything the same and let obesity rates and diabetes rates continue to go up as well So redesigning the built environment is to me a two-fer and it's a two-fer because if we can start to attack the The root causes of things like our obesity epidemic We start to be healthier citizens, which is really why we invest in health care in the first place It's I mean right now. It's enriching the health care industry rather than actually promoting health But the other thing that a new a different built environment does is it offers us an opportunity to To change the way primary care works right now One of our problems is that people don't have very good access to primary care it's not easy to get to your primary care office and Primary care itself is very disorganized and chaotic and one of the things that I think this kind of Rethinking the built environment does is it offers an opportunity to think about how? Where do we cite primary care primary care should be? Very easy to get to our primary care office here in Washington DC My family's primary care office is in walking distance of our house It should be easy to get to it should be open a lot There should be caregivers other than a doctor there readily available to people So that we can keep people from having to go to the emergency room and having to be admitted to the hospital And we know from demonstration projects that when you redesign your primary care and get a really robust primary care system in Place you have healthier patients happier patients happier providers And you have reduced emergency visits and reduced admissions to the hospital So this is a this is a golden opportunity for multiple things. Yeah, thank you everybody Dick just again. Thank you so much for for being here for the great presentation and just really driving at home I I do sit in the in the realm of the security world and Having it kind of come at you so fish so viscerally and with the stories of the obesity and the diabetes and the heart disease This really drives it home and just how important and critical in time There's a lot of limits that we have in our time frame to be able to get this thing done But this one just makes it all the more poignant and I I thank you for the for the for the presentation I've also for the for the show we I Subjected my wife to a two-hour dick Jackson marathon last night and and So it's just it I recommend that the series to everybody Well, I think you're starting it. We're starting here on this is just how central the built environment is to The the American dream and that The way we've that the conditions around which we redesigned the American dream the last time in the late 40s and early 50s those fundamental conditions have changed and Part of it is because we already built out suburbia That inner ring got built out and the logic of suburbia started to fail But also because the external conditions whether it's the need to absorb excess Returning veteran labor absorb excess industrial capacity rebuild the rest of the world Cheap gas whatever it is all those external conditions have have changed fundamentally and in demand itself Has now changed fundamentally. It's changed in two ways One is that Boomers and millennials have changed their housing preference. That's where the 56% of demand comes from Mostly from those two segments and then a good portion of my my generation gen X Just don't want Either the the boomers are downsizing and they won't and they don't want to get trapped without a car While they work longer into what they thought was going to be their retirement or Millennials their vision as Chris is want to say their vision of the good life is not Leave it to be for or the Brady bunch. It's friends They want to be with their social network that they've got connected through their iPhone Demand has changed on that level and demand has changed also Globally the demand for goods and services around the world is driving towards a Requirement for radical resource productivity. We're bringing three billion people into the global middle class in 20 years We've never done that before we've already got we've already crashed the system with 2.5 billion people in the global middle class And we're going to add three billion more in 20 in 20 years Their income and their resource consumption is going to go up 300% they cannot live the American the old American dream They cannot They they're not going to be able to consume our car by our cars by our refrigerators by our products because they just It's just not working and we cannot consent continue to consume 25% of the world's resources That it takes to prop up this American lifestyle When we're only 4% of the population So We're getting it from all sides We need a strategy going forward What I'm what I want to focus kind of the conversation around the panel on now is is Is to talk about this the poignancy to talk about how How do we get this message across to Americans? I want dick to kind of tell some stories about these hundred person conversations he's been having Where we've all been talking around the country on this matter Where where the where's the tipping point? Where are the opportunities? Because this And I'm going to be pretty bald about it We've got two incredibly important critical legislative bills coming up And that are already due right now. They're going to be pushed because of the presidential election It's the transportation bill and the agriculture bill Both of those bills lock us into this lifestyle that we're describing that is the problem They're they're five-year bills authorization bills If we get another five years and business as usual even with some nice little tweaks Um, we're going to be in a world of hurt. We don't have that time frame. We're going to be treading towards This the horrible obesity Uh end states we're going to be treading we're going to be trending towards Um Increased shock and disruption coming to our shores because the system can't handle it We've got to move with alacrity. We've got to move fast And I just want to What's catching on? Where do we how do we how do we sell this to american people? And um and where are where's the low-hanging fruit here? I'm going to tell Three very quick stories, and I'm not sure I know exactly how to sell I don't know how to sell this to the american people although as my friend howard frumpkin and first author said Um public health does a pretty good job We've convinced people to do things they don't want to do for example Don't eat red meat get a colonoscopy and wear a condom and we've been pretty successful with this So, you know, we can go forward as well um the First quick story. I want to tell is uh, I'm planning to offer a climate change and health class at ucla this spring with folks in the urban planning school And I met with the students who were planning out these Three hour a week for 10 week class And the big message was Do not Depress us do not tell us about what a mess we are in you can do it for the first hour Or the first day, but the next nine classes have to be about solutions and where we go forward and we are so Upset with the world that you have given us in terms of climate and all the rest and we Need to step up and need to go forward and one of the things that came across very strongly and Goes back to a little bit around the silos is In the 20th century we dealt with problems by atomizing them making them very small Solving them one at a time looking at them very narrowly And it doesn't work in the 21st century because everything is connected to everything else And the only way you can move a spider web is to move the frame that's around it And and we really have to have a frame shift to make this go forward Um And the students there's a lot of enthusiasm about transdisciplinary work It sounds kind of boring, but they don't want to die die deep any much longer They want to look about it going across the disciplines We did a 15 minutes about an eight minute segment in elgin, elinoy Beautiful elgin watches that were made in fact a lot of the gis during world war two war elgin watches made in elinoy The company didn't move with alacrity when the quartz watches and The cheaper watches came in eventually it died put 4 000 people out of work the town center Essentially collapsed. You know, it was nothing down there They then adopted a sprawl model became a bedroom suburb of Of chicago and over the last 10 years have embraced Sustainability have embraced community as its identity and the students were organizing an event to creating a downtown Sustainable place. There's a very sweet episode where five or eight of the high school kids are meeting with the chamber of commerce Saying how come we can't walk anywhere. How come downtown is not fun to be in And the chamber of commerce saying well, we can't put stores there or businesses because there's no people there And and it was really captured but the town has done a wonderful job Putting the library at town square Getting rid of the superfund sites along the fox river and really making it a place that people want to be Is it a final success yet? No, but it's at least feeling like it's moving in the right direction And that's really what we all want the last very quick story is my My niece joanne happened to see the videos. She has three she's a Degree in in both nutrition and environment and now has three preschoolers and she lives in a subdivision in Carrie north carolina And she said uncle dick my whole i'd love it. There's lots of young families We can walk everywhere, but the exit to the subdivision 100 yards over here is a shopping mall near a Green route a bicycle route and all the rest But it narrows down. There's no sidewalk and the cars speed up and I cannot get There with a baby carriage or holding a toddler's hand I have to get in the car to go 100 yards to go shopping So she wants to organize a community event So young people or people taking charge of their communities is is really a very important first step grace you talked about the transportation bill and That is a critical bill that is right now being debated on capitol hill um, it'll probably be From the senate side a two-year bill so we get to revisit all this fund two Two years from now. It should be a six-year bill Um, it ran out and has been a series of continuing resolutions uh for the last almost three years now um And so it is a critical bill Uh, unfortunately the senate in particular even though it's a democratically controlled body at this point Is still a very rural body in their mind most people On on both sides of the aisle still still refer to this as the highway bill Just as most departments of transportation in this country really should engage in Truth and advertising and and go back to their old label, which was the department of highways And so what we're trying our dam just to do And quite honestly not that successfully Is to shift the funding from 80 percent highways and 20 percent alternative Transportation Alternative as in alternative lifestyles counterculture weird things that people do Which is basically every transportation category That has been in the 10,000 years of building cities Is alternative transportation Only cars and trucks are considered real transportation And uh, so we we're stuck with this 80 20 There's no movement on changing that Nobody is going to propose raising the gas tax which has not been raised in 20 years And in real purchasing power has been cut in half So Hopefully we'll get a bill out though that will allow for some improvements as far as transit oriented development and mixed use development To to to make that more legal In the bill right now. It's generally illegal to do anything mixed use but So it's not to spend too much time on the depressing part just as dick was saying Um, I I do want to reinforce that from a market point of view from a real estate market point of view All the pent up demand Is for walkable urban places And the collapse of this economy in 2008 Was driven by the overbuilding of the drivable suburban fringe That's what caught that's that was the catalyst of the great recession And at this point in time Uh, the price premiums For walkable urban places Is anywhere from 40 to 200 percent When you compare it to comparable housing Compared to comparable office space So the market desperately wants this And as a result the You know with the collapse of the drivable suburban fringe the land prices out on the fringe Are now less than zero You would have to subsidize new sprawl to make that Work financially it just does not pencil as we say in As we say in a real estate So to me that's all very good news There is a downside to it of course is that those price premiums are so high that it is a massive affordable housing problem Um, but that's the market signal telling us build more of this stuff So that we will eventually hopefully At some point in the future Address that pent up demand, but to me it's going to take a good 30 years There's that much pent up demand Um, and so we need to have an affordable housing policy in this country That will address that market failure Because we only add by the way 2 to the built environment in a good year So if you know the 56 demand Versus even in this market dc, which is quite advanced in this country If we have 20 of our housing that is in a walkable urban configuration, I'd be surprised Um, so 56 demand 20 supply 2 that you add per year, it's going to take 30 years to get there so, um We do have a challenge, but the good news is is it's going to put a foundation under our economy Putting to work people that have the highest unemployment right now construction workers And it'll put a foundation under our economy if we let the market Uh, actually give the market what what it wants and right now there's so many laws Against it and the infrastructure is going the wrong direction That it's a challenge But I've I'm enough of a capitalist to believe that the market will eventually get what it wants In spite of all of the impediments that are in the way of giving it what it wants Amy, what do you think? Well, you know, it's really interesting because I we've gone from Um The talking about the community level and the individuals to the to the federal level and the transportation bill and and and And I think that your point dick about It being the word that comes to mind is integration that we've got to Have a lot of folks from a lot of different walks of life working on this And I think one of the great things is we've talked a lot about health here and economic development And that seems to be the those two, uh Areas seem to be the huge drivers for a lot of the change and we've actually seen that within one of the programs that That we've been running at a or p over the last year and you know, I actually believe in seeing the power of this particular program I'll tell you about in just a moment that What's really going to drive change are people like Dick's niece and people that we meet across the country a or p members There's a levada de sales in sacramento Who is with walk sacramento and is trying to change the infrastructure of sacramento? Um, you know, these people are starting to do simple things like pedestrian safety audits They're actually getting out in their neighborhoods walking them evaluating them and assessing them and then showing others How That it is at first and then they talk about the good that can come from it So I I really think that the way we're going to see a lot of change is both by fixing the The transportation bills and such but also that groundswell of these community activists that are starting to Um, really understand the implications of this. So we've been working with uh, dan burden who Is with the walkable and livable communities institute and he's been running active living workshops we were in 14 states and 22 communities last year for a or p funded and convened workshops, but we work with folks of all ages and a lot of folks from All different parts of the community and we've had success in the health care area We worked with arkansas arkansas came at this from a health perspective The department of health was our major partner there because they know on the diabetes chart that uh, dick showed earlier They know that they are the deepest darkest red, you know ground zero for for health issues like diabetes So they want to make their infrastructure more walkable and we were in five communities across arkansas So, you know, there are places like that that are starting to make change From economic development perspective. Uh, there are places like new jersey. We had a successful pedestrian safety audit in new jersey and A successful advocacy event and got the second republican congressman lobiondo to sign on to the complete streets bill in january So, you know, there's there are a lot of different ways to to approach this and and I think that You know, if we can continue to do support this this community level work break out of the silos It's really important talk about health care and economic development in the same breath Then that's the way that that change is going to happen I'm interested in what my fellow panelists think about I'm interested in what my my fellow panelists think about smart growth initiatives there's been a smart growth initiative in in maryland the state of maryland And we watched it unfold in our neighborhood in anapolis which was outside of the city. It was part of the county And there was a plan for Changing the traffic route along this one sort of long Single road that went down a peninsula and had all these little Little individual suburbs peeling off from that long road And the and there was this effort to sort of create a couple of nodes along the road that would be semi Sort of community centers and everybody hated it Rejected it I mean It's it's sort of this seems to be at odds with your comment about demand for walkable livable communities You know the interesting thing about the way that we've been building the country over the last 50 60 years is this drivable suburban model that we've used that we all understand low density segregated land uses segregated by use segregated by race segregated by income That that that model as you build more The quality of life goes down It's a more is less phenomenon That gets folded into how you finance these communities it gets folded into the How the community responds to these places And as a result the largest Democratic movement of the last generation which has been almost not studied at all In the in the in the academic literature is the rise of neighborhood groups And neighborhood groups arise to fight Development because of the more is less principal. It's a perfectly rational way of responding and now with the walkable urban places and Ellen knows this Ellen McCarthy was head of planning Five years ago and got whipsawed on this very issue that Walkable urban development as you build more the quality of life of the immediate community goes up And we know that not just from surveys But we also know that from the price premiums that result in what I call the penumbra The the suburban places within walking distance of great urbanism You're seeing price premiums of between 40 and 100 percent on a price per square foot basis They basically have the best of two worlds so So the reality that we're just that we're just now discovering Is that these places Get better from a quality of life and therefore pricing point of view But they have they they're basically like generals fighting the last war The last war is more is less Today's reality in friendship heights is more is better And that that if you contain that growth you put a boundary around it I'd like to say build a corral and you don't even think about going outside of that corral And you manage for parking, you know overflow parking that won't go into the neighborhoods We can manage that you don't you manage the cut through traffic You manage the noise And as Arlington has shown us you can double and triple densities and you can see the actual car counts go down So there is no traffic problem. In fact, it gets better as you add more density So there's a great education that we need to do In responding to this new world, it's actually a back to the future world of course And so You have the knee-jerk reaction of those real estate developers. They're bastards. Don't for some reason people don't trust us I don't know why But with with the more is better phenomenon You find that you start this upward spiral and you get two first and three first to to quote you We'll bring us home and then we'll open it up to q&a I Never talk about smart growth whom when audiences and I don't talk much about economics and real estate I talk about what makes people Healthy and what really is resonant is what makes people healthy It's very hard to be happy when you are sitting in a car White knuckle either at high speed or stop and go what makes people happy is to be In a community be in a neighborhood be in a central square Be in a place with family be in a place where you feel safe with a cultural mix And i'm talking music and art and food and all the other things that makes your life feel full and that's what we need to I I think that's the vision that all of us will embrace one challenge came up earlier I just want to address it very quickly Someone said that the physicians Doctors are not willing to step up on a lot of this I will say to you that the physicians who are in Not doing fee for service, but are actually in practices like Kaiser where they're they get a salary they don't get more money if they do more Surgeries or anything else tend to be very much aware and and very very strongly embrace us And in fact Kaiser Permanente's model for the last couple of years has been Thrive with visions of people walking and eating sensibly. So I think we're seeing the evolution in medicine too Great. Okay, let's open it up to questions right here If you could state your name and your affiliation, thanks So I had to hear a pod really working on how do you change mom health policies in order to impact And my experience there I'm sorry, one would do but my experience there Coupled with my experience now where I'm me deep in the health care arena has shown me to add to the federal level There's some major structural issues That are impediments to this work So one example of it is in terms of economics that The costs and benefits I think as you had said Are not internalized So if you know that housing or building a sidewalk is going to improve health and reduce costs In Medicaid, for example, the cost savings or they're not going to go to the housing people They're going to go to the medical people. So when you have different budgets It's impossible in that case there to go and internalize the costs One opportunity that I've seen and that potentially could be one way of breaking this is with affordable care act Then you send it for Medicare and Medicaid innovation Where they're for the first time in their innovative medicine Innovative approach are looking at things like population health And how can you go and do things outside of the clinical setting and potentially get Medicaid reimbursement for it? I've heard virtually no, with no conversation about this I encourage you to think about this as a creative opportunity The feedback I've gotten is that there isn't enough work in evidence space And there's a gun shyness from CNAB to look at non-health or non-clinical interventions Where's the evidence space? I'm sorry We can get to it. They can react to that or it's a great point Second question point The prevention strategy and the prevention trust funds if we're talking here about Trying to go and actually impact the health one question. I would have is The advocacy on things like the prevention trust fund Which has gotten cut or the office of sustainable housing and communities which got defunded Um Any comments to the comments Yeah, very quickly. Um I'm very unhappy with what's happened with my old center at cdc The childhood led program which I had evolved into a healthy housing program because it would make sense to look at all the aspects of a unhealthy home Is being cut in the range of third is basically being abolished 30 million dollars The environmental tracking program, which was about 30 million dollars Is also being cut dramatically and that's important because the documentation you need that this intervention at this level Makes a difference. There has to be A corpus of knowledge there and information that one can build policy on and so it's it's slow to have its return But until we have that The good news is i'm seeing an ih which is the deep pocket for most research Stepping up to these issues of built environment more than I have in the past. They were very slow to come to it I mean think about it if we've seen a doubling in diabetes and The from the fifth reason people need kidney transplants to the first reason now is is diabetes Suddenly the kidney institute's more interested in what are the things we can do to reduce diabetes and this is one of them Um and the prevention trust funds being cut or at least is threatened as well Um, these are very hard times and and people want you to show data and then they cut the programs that produce the data One way we might start getting at this is the fact that that most of the hospitals in this country are non-profit And to maintain their non-profit status, they're supposed to show a community benefit And a lot of the community benefit that they claim is that they're taking care of people who are uninsured Well, that problem's kind of going to go away to a certain extent But they also often say that they have things like free screening programs Which are of very dubious value and in fact often are kind of marketing Programs for the hospital I would like to see hospitals be pushed to actually provide community benefit that goes out and says How can we improve the health of the community? Which is against their their economic best interests because what they really want is sick people to keep coming in the hospital But ultimately I think we're going to have to ask them to do that I think there's another another piece of it is that where you can get to that broad internalized cost At a national level is looking at the u.s. Budget Um, and that's going to be one of our flagship projects here. We're working Uh, we're in negotiations with one of the big four auditing companies That happens to be the main auditor of the u.s. Government to look at Um an economic a robust economic model that internalizes these Um this kind of the economic engine that we've been building out and then derives from that an alternative u.s. Budget So what you can see is across these various categories what the impact using dynamic scoring what the impact of Um a systematic Transition from where we are today to a much to a to a to a sustainable Economic engine that's focused that that that dials in in three main areas in the housing and transportation area Agriculture and then It's essentially a tax shift off of wages onto resource resources and waste what that would do across The entire spectrum of the budget. That's where you can get Um internalized costs, but then you can demonstrate. Okay. Here are the jobs Here's the deficit reduction. Here's the health care cost reduction Here's where it's going to come in and and you can you can move across that is our is our hope Sir in the white I very much appreciate your dr. Jackson's information, but when you talk about the built environment doesn't isn't this a base An argument for increased density. Yes, and if that's the case, isn't that really a truly contested subject, I mean something that People either appreciate or don't I even think of you know congressman tom davis or former congressman a very stupid person I think I think the remark was attributed to him that density equals democrat So I like to I will assert one that being in places where you can connect with people that have Access to green space that have access to transportation have access to healthy Food have access to cultural outlets people are happy there. They do not want to live In cracker boxes where the noise goes through the walls. They don't want to live in a place where the ceilings are too low And the halls are dirty Um, we don't want to live in places that have bad density But we pay good money to go to places that have very good density and I'll defer to the real estate leader Having spent last month. I was in paris and looking at a variety of different redevelopment projects that the french government Was behind and and then sort of running quick numbers and realizing that metropolitan paris, which is twice the size of metropolitan dc Occupies one quarter of the land use Of metropolitan dc. So it's it's eight times the density of washington And the average sales price Of a home selling in paris Is $1,200 per square foot. That's average And went up last year 22 percent In spite of the eu's financial problems so obviously there's a lot of demand for density and In this country as as I mentioned earlier how that gets demonstrated is on the price premiums people are willing to pay for Within walking distance of redline stations Which is in this town Just extraordinary In january of 2000 The most expensive zip code In the region Was great falls Where my brother who is a sprawl developer happens to live And That um That you would for a two-acre piece of property You know room for a pony And a and a mac mansion You would pay a 25 price premium on a price per square foot basis on in january of 2000 And plus you had one of the best school systems in the country That's a 25 price premium over a dupont circle townhouse By january of 2010 That dupont circle townhouse, which had one of the worst school systems in the country Was a massive 1500 square foot lot Had a 70 price premium on a price per square foot basis over that same great falls house The lines had crossed in the decade and we're seeing that throughout the country So the markets responded Just within this last decade If you had taken a look at that at that comparison back in the 1980s when we don't have data for the 1980s at that level That great falls home would would probably be you know 100 percent higher Than the dupont circle townhouse, which was then considered nearly a slum So the market has responded to density that is you know That dupont circle townhouse Is literally 80 times more dense than the great falls mcmansion 80 times And the market has spoken So we have accepted density now in public policy debates. Have we expected has have we really You know embrace density. Absolutely not But that's fighting the last war You know fighting with the tactics of the of the last war He said us that the question earlier shannon about that peninsula road too is that you know people are starting to see Once people start to see these dense neighborhoods and what they offer And that demand continues to increase then then behavior can change I think the challenges humans are very adaptable and this gets into sort of behavioral science But you know people were very adaptable and so people have gotten used to a certain way and they're afraid to change and it's really hard And so I think one of the the big Challenges for all of us sitting up here and those of us who are trying to lead this movement is how to communicate The what's in it for me to people help people understand How much healthier this is how much better it is to live in an economically Vibrant place like paris. Um, how you know, how do we help people understand that this is this is better for them And that they're going to get a lot out of it and in some ways we actually can't Say that we just need to change the structure so that they start to feel it without even knowing. Um, so it there's there's a lot of Work that we have to do from again a number of different angles on this great Sorry By the way, I just came from Brookings and And there's two things that I'm trying to tie together between Both experiences Over there we're talking about the export initiative, etc. And the infrastructure bill came up transportation bill so There are certainly Progressive thinkers over there who are going to just push the transportation bill the way it is Because it undergirds, you know, the thinking of getting exports market Getting out to the world, etc. Which is a big priority in this administration as well And then there's another competing If you go up here that While we're championing, you know density For healthy well educated people who can afford to live in deep on circles It pushes poor people farther and farther out So I guess Those two together the question is how are you going to figure out crap the policy? That will You know, obviously people who are empathetic to both Um, but how are you going to crack the policy with the policies are obviously defeated As I say Each of these walkable urban places needs and a conscious affordable housing strategy Our current affordable housing strategy in this country is as you know is drive until you qualify So just keep on going another 20 miles out and you'll eventually find something that you can afford That obviously doesn't work In this resource constrained world and this climate changing world So we need conscious strategies for affordable housing, but we also need better accessibility But the the the other thing which is a surprising change that we're seeing And it's taking place here in dc first as I mentioned earlier Metro dc is the model by which we're building the built environment in this country There's more examples here of where we're heading than any other other place in the country And that For the last 50 60 years most of economic growth went in what I referred to as the favored quarter The favored 90 degree are coming out of downtown where most jobs went and much of the infrastructure went In denver the favored quarters to the south and phoenix is to the northeast in atlanta. It's to the north and here it is to the northwest You know the favored quarter because it's where the white upper middle income housing concentration is and you know, it's It's to the northwest because it's on the other side of town from the local minority housing concentration primarily black Southeast due east prince george's county and then you know where we put the transportation Networks and you can figure out where the favored quarter is and virtually 80 90 percent of all job growth went into the favored quarter In this town as we've shifted so Massively towards building walkable urban places and by the way right now as far as the new announcements of developments over the last two years 90 percent have been walkable urban developments It's and and all of the transit served So we're shifting radically in that direction. Thank goodness because that's what the market wants What we're also seeing just beginning to see is Could be summarized by the fact that the green line is the new red line The green line is the newest line Therefore it doesn't break down like the red line does constantly. It has the most capacity It goes to the northeast into the southeast And so we're beginning to see for the first time in at least 60 years New market-based investment going into the non favored quarter and from a social equity point of view This is the biggest thing in In a century in this town and hopefully it's a precursor what's going to happen in this country as we move employment closer To where lower income households are Let me follow up on the export-led growth kind of hypothesis That's the what I think you guys were talking about in at brookings and my sense is that that export-led growth as a as a strategy manufacturing led strategy Is backwards fundamentally What he's going to bring manufacturing back to the united states is the A conscious decision to build a new american dream At the market that we have to satisfy first is our own market If if we're exporting into China into india into these growth markets, what are we going to be exporting? We're exporting Products that are increasingly efficient In terms of energy material use That's what's going to be going into these markets But we're not going to be able to sell it here While our own while we then are forced to import consumer goods From it's it's not a losing. It's not a winning strategy What this you know, I think implicit behind what we're talking about Is an opportunity to rebuild america and and to have a new american dream power create the opportunity for That new manufacturing revival And and just as a as a just the tip of the iceberg to kind of illustrate this to think about what we did With a simple change in law around television Almost everybody had to get a brand new lcd tv because we changed the law We increased the standards we improved the standards and it forced everybody to go out and buy a tv The problem was they bought that tv from Korea from japan from china and so a simple change in law increased our trade deficit It improved the quality of the service and the reception, but we we gave it away What we need to do is be able to structure an economic strategy And michael porter the great harvard business school economist in just this month in Harvard business review says we need america needs an economic strategy not the single issue Advocacy efforts on the behalf of certain special interests. We need a comprehensive strategy so that we can Tap into this incredible pent up demand three times in percentage terms The demand after world war two eight times in in total terms So there's there's an incredible opportunity and in you know what chris and I wrote about two years ago in washington monthly salt lake city A chamber of commerce gets this They know that to attract foreign direct investment into their area. They need to improve quality of life So that they can attract knowledge workers Into improved quality of life they had to essentially Shift to a sustainable community plan Which also happened to by the way to save them five billion dollars in excess local taxation and Meet all the all the needs for For maintaining quality of the water Maintaining the quality of the of the natural habitat in the in the ecosystem around it's And it's attracting industry into the salt lake city hub So my sense is that What we need to do that that there's no there's there should be no trade-off between Designing for a sustainable prosperous and secure economy and And having that economy Be able to engage this incredible Uh Demand function that's coming from the rural urban migration happening outside our borders So there's we should be able to capture both But we need to capture the demand here put americans back to work put american capital back to work and then Move into exports, but that's my soapbox just a little bit of good news Out of this otherwise somewhat depressing panel is We all have to go and take a walk walk around the block to get To not be depressed At the local level and amy mentioned this There's tremendous demand That's been satisfied to increase local taxes to build rail transit in this country There have been hundreds of ballot measures over the last seven years In this country at the local level primarily to raise sales tax. That's the form it tends to take To put in place the rail transit and the biking trails and the walkability And so we we have this anti-tax time yet 70 of those ballot measures have passed And so the salt lake city example led by the chamber Past what is now under construction the second largest light rail system being built right now in the country and But unfortunately of course We don't make any Transit in this country. We don't have any manufacturers that build transit And um, so it's another great opportunity that we have to take advantage of As opposed to importing that That that manufactured good one last question and then um, and then we'll wrap it up. Yes Yes, uh, I'm hearing who said artificial Good to see you again. So I'm delighted with all the comments Really what you're talking about I make all my students and I realize this is really it just shows how tough I am on my students I make them watch back to the future All right, okay Thank you. Thank you. Thank you to dick. Thank you. This has just been great with the entire panel Thank you for coming out on this wonderful beautiful day. I appreciate it