 The maize weevil, cytophilus zemis, is a major pest of maize and other cereals worldwide, and its presence poses a significant threat to food security in subsistence communities. Previous studies have suggested that the maize weevil has experienced a recent range expansion, but these studies were limited to mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellites. This study used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, to examine the genetic population structure of the maize weevil in two regions of Mexico, Oaxaca and Chiapas. The results showed evidence of fine-scale genetic structure, suggesting that local adaptation may play a role in the evolutionary history of the maize weevil. Additionally, the study suggests that human activity, such as the movement and trade of maize, could also contribute to the observed patterns of genetic variation. This article was authored by Jennifer Balziger, Michael S. Jones, Martha Wilcox, and others.